红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠残肾组织归巢因子表达的影响

目的 观察红细胞生成素(EPO)对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠肾组织归巢因子表达的影响.方法 采用分阶段5/6肾切除制备大鼠CRF模型.实验动物随机分为3组:假手术组、CRF模型组和EPO治疗组.从第3周开始,治疗组大鼠每次皮下注射重组人EPO 50 IU/kg,每周3次,共6周.8周后检测各组大鼠血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿蛋白、血红蛋白(Hb)；采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western印迹和免疫组化方法检测残肾组织EPO及其受体(EPOR)、归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)的表达.结果 与模型组比较,EPO治疗可上调残肾组织归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜0.05)；同时,EPO治疗还可上调残肾组织EPO及EPOR的mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜ 0.05).此外,EPO治疗还能下调大鼠Scr、BUN和尿蛋白水平(均P＜0.05),上调Hb水平(P＜0.05).结论 EPO能改善慢性肾衰竭大鼠的肾功能,这种作用可能与其激活残肾组织归巢因子而参与损伤肾脏的修复有关.     

应用型本科护理人才培养模式的改革与实践

通过系列“质量工程”和“本科教学工程”项目建设，建设办学特色鲜明、专业结构适应国家卫生事业发展需求的特色护理专业；加强教师队伍建设与人才队伍培养，着力大学生实践能力和创新创业能力培养，构建了厚基础、强能力、高素质、重发展的应用型本科护理人才培养模式。该模式结合中国健康事业发展对护理人才的需求，坚持知识、能力与素质培养为一体的“全人教育”理念，创建了高素质应用型护理人才“1234”培养模式，即一条主线、两个能力、三个体系、四个体现。即以医学人文素质教育贯穿于人才培养全过程为主线，强化理论与实践相结合的能力和职业发展能力的培养；构建本科护理学通科教育与专科化培养相结合的课程体系、实践体系和以复合型师资队伍建设为重要途径的教学质量保障体系；在教育教学中体现以素质为本，知识、能力、素质协调发展；体现强化基础，拓宽视野；体现培养独立学习能力、理论与实践结合的能力和创新精神；体现为职业持续发展奠定获取和再生知识能力的基础。     

Melt-spun shaped fibers with enhanced surface effects: Fiber fabrication,characterization and application to woven scaffolds

Scaffolds with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) are advantageous with regard to the attachment and proliferation of cells in the field of tissue engineering. This paper reports on the development of novel melt-spun fibers with a high SA:V, which enhanced the surface effects of a fiber-based scaffold while maintaining its mechanical strength. The cross-section of the fibers was altered to a non-circular shape, producing a higher SA:V for a similar cross-sectional area. To obtain fibers with non-circular cross-sectional shape, or shaped fibers, three different types of metal spinnerets were fabricated for the melt-spinning process, each with circular, triangular or cruciform capillaries, using deep X-ray lithography followed by nickel electroforming. Using these spinnerets, circular and shaped fibers were manufactured with biodegradable polyester, polycaprolactone. The SA:V increase in the shaped fibers was experimentally investigated under different processing conditions. Tensile tests on the fibers and indentation tests on the woven fiber scaffolds were performed. The tested fibers and scaffolds exhibited similar mechanical characteristics, due to the similar cross-sectional area of the fibers. The degradation of the shaped fibers was notably faster than that of circular fibers, because of the enlarged surface area of the shaped fibers. The woven scaffolds composed of the shaped fibers significantly increased the proliferation of human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. This approach to increase the SA:V in shaped fibers could be useful for the fabrication of programmable, biodegradable fiber-based scaffolds in tissue engineering.     

p-Cymene Modulates In Vitro and In Vivo Cytokine Production by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Activation

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of p-cymene on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mice was evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of cytokine genes were examined in vitro by semiquantitative RT-PCR. In a further study, we analyzed the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by western blotting. We found that p-cymene significantly regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the levels of relative mRNAs were also found to be downregulated. In in vivo trail, p-cymene markedly suppressed the production of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased IL-10 secretion. We also found that p-cymene inhibited LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal receptor-activated kinase 1/2, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and IκBα. These results suggest that p-cymene may have a potential anti-inflammatory action on cytokine production by blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.     

非诺贝特在高甘油三酯血症合并糖耐量异常患者中的应用

目的 探讨非诺贝特在老年高甘油三酯(TG)血症合并糖耐量异常(IGT)患者中的作用,并分析其成本与效益.方法 选取2019年7—12月本市东城街道2个社区的高TG血症合并IGT老年患者105例,随机分为对照组(n=53)和干预组(n=52).对照组采用生活方式干预,干预组在对照组基础上对TG≥2.2 mmol/L的患者加用非诺贝特口服,1个月后复查血脂评估疗效,直至TG<2.2 mmol/L,6个月后所有患者复查血脂和葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).结果 干预组患者TG、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01),OGTT结果恢复正常、发展为糖尿病(DM)占比分别为48.08％、3.85％,明显优于对照组的24.49％、20.41％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).干预组人均药费较对照组高(71.72±59.28)元.结论 老年高TG血症患者合并IGT在生活方式干预的基础上加用非诺贝特降脂,可逆转糖代谢的转归,具有良好的成本效益比.     

无患子皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠的血压调节机制研究

目的 探讨无患子皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠的血压调节机制.方法 40只自发性高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组、无患子皂苷低剂量组、无患子皂苷中剂量组、无患子皂苷高剂量组,每组8只.8只健康SD大鼠设为对照组.对照组、模型组大鼠每日灌胃生理盐水,10 mL/(kg·d),连续灌胃14 d.阳性对照组每日灌胃替米沙坦,20 mg/(kg·d),连续灌胃14 d.无患子皂苷低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,分别每日灌胃无患子皂苷20 mg/(kg·d)、50 mg/(kg·d)、70 mg/(kg·d),连续灌胃14 d.各组大鼠分别于每日给药前、给药后1、2、3 h测定尾动脉收缩压.各组大鼠分别于末次给药后1 h,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清中一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、血栓素A2(thromboxane A2,TXA2)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平.结果 给药后,阳性对照组、无患子皂苷各组收缩压值均显著低于给药前和模型组(P<0.05).给药后,无患子皂苷各组的大鼠尾动脉收缩压值与阳性对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05).阳性对照组、无患子皂苷各组的血清NO水平显著高于模型组(P<0.05),血清ET-1、TXA2水平均显著低于模型组(P<0.05).无患子皂苷剂量越高,血清NO水平越高,血清ET-1、TXA2水平越低.结论 无患子皂苷对自发性高血压的降压作用明显,其作用机制可能与改善血管内皮功能、降低机体炎症水平有关.