害虫抗药性治理策略-多位点杀虫毒素的研究

害虫对杀虫剂产生抗药性，降低了农药使用效率，增大了农药用量，污染了环境。害虫抗药性可分为单一抗性、多重抗性、交互抗性。害虫抗药性由遗传因素、生态因素和操作因素决定，3种因素作用不当都能引起害虫抗性的发生。农药有效成分作用于害虫的特定位点，害虫对农药抗药性就是克服农药位点作用，使之失效、钝化，保持农药作用位点敏感性是减缓害虫抗药性的有效方法。每一种农药对害虫都有一个主要作用位点，每一种害虫郜存在多个农药作用位点。多位点杀虫毒素的研究是克服害虫抗药性的有效途径。将B．t．的杀虫毒素进行酶切改造，形成带末端氨基的原毒素，将阿维菌素的羟基进行激活、衍生化，形成带羧基的杀虫毒素衍生物，最后利用氨基-羧基偶联剂(EDC)进行藕合，实现两种生物毒素的结构改造和生化结合。BtA解决了生物农药杀虫谱窄和杀虫速率慢的弱点。     

换热管与管板连接强度评价

影响换热管与管板连接强度的因素是连接方法,结构细节,材料性能等。本文研究了三种连接方法:均压胀接,机械胀接,焊接。本文涉及的结构细节,包括:管板孔表面质量,开槽与不开槽管板,槽子的几何形状。分别研究了钛管,碳钢管与碳钢管板的连接强度,以致查材料性能对连接强度的影响。研究结果表明,连接强度的理论预测值适用于各种材料与结构     

Enterotoxigenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process

Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. The first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. This adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in particular, several gangliosides. Because milk also contains gangliosides, these have been suggested to serve as ligands for bacterial fimbriae and thus prevent the bacterial attachment to mucosa. The most relevant ETEC strains in calves, including those with K99 and F41 fimbriae, were assayed to determine whether they are able to bind gangliosides isolated from several stages of bovine lactation. Both GM3 and GD3, the main gangliosides of milk, were recognized by ETEC strains, although the different fimbriae showed diverse levels of affinity. Unexpectedly, the adhesion to colostral gangliosides was considerably weaker than that to gangliosides from the other stages of lactation. Because the carbohydrate moiety did not change and because differences in the percentages of unsaturated FA and sphingosine between colostrum and other stages were observed, we conclude that the differences in adhesion could be due to a different composition of the ganglioside caramide.     

超细粒子催化剂用于CO加氢反应的研究

超细粒子催化剂以其良好的性能应用在CO加氢反应中,与沉淀法制得的催化剂相比,超细粒子催化剂活性高、产品选择性好、反应寿命长。本文还研究了加入不同助剂、由不同方法制备的和无定型合金超细粒子催化剂的F—T反应特性。     

发色团含有乙撑基或乙烯撑桥基的碳菁合成及其光谱和增感性能

本文研究发色团α,α′ 位上具有乙撑基和乙烯撑桥基的碳菁合成通法 ,染料的立体结构、质子化倾向和萤光特性。探讨了多甲川发色团的α,α′ 位桥基和中位取代基对硫碳菁在长波区域的电子吸收光谱的影响。研究结果指出 :多甲川链上含有乙撑桥的硫碳菁有可能使照相卤化银乳剂在远红区和近红外光谱区产生高效的光谱增感作用。     

含CO2气体混合物在60℃时的混合性质

测定了６０℃和２－６００ｂａｒ时由ＣＯ２和Ｈｅ、Ａｒ、ＳＦ６以及ＣＨＦ３组成的等分子二元混合物的压缩因子，根据纯物质和混合物的压缩因子计算了压力混合效应和过剩体积。对于真实气体混合性质的描述，本文采用五参数的ＢＡＣＫ方程，方程计算值与实验值符合较好。     

用二过氧化缩酮交联弹性体

前言用有机过氧化物作高效能弹性体的交联剂是众所周知的。与硫黄相比,用过氧化物硫化的硫化胶压缩变形较低、并具有良好的耐热老化和动态性能,二枯基过氧化物和a,a’-二(叔丁基过)二异丙苯这两种二烃基过氧化物已广泛用于各种不同弹性体的交联。在有些应用中,这些二烃基过氧化物的性     

Small amphiphilic organics, coordination extended solids, and constant curvature structures

In this Account, we explore the role constant curvature structures play in amphiphilic small molecule crystals and extended coordination solids. A constant curvature structure is one in which there is a surface or interface that has the same curvature throughout its surface. Simple examples of such structures contain spheres (micelles), columns, or layers. Yet another family are cubic as is found in the gyroid topology. For amphiphilic systems, there are two domains, one generally hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic. We find that the interfaces between these two domains in small molecule structures resemble those in larger scale systems and adopt topologies related to constant curvature structures. The hydrophobic-to-total volume ratio, a molecular parameter, can be used to predict which type of constant curvature structure is adopted. In the case of three coordinate extended solids, constant curvature plays a role both in the extended net topology and in the hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic interface.     

聚乙烯与聚丙烯单组分复合材料研究进展

综述了聚乙烯、聚丙烯单组分复合材料的发展概况及最新研究动态。介绍了熔融膜压法、粉末浸渍法、溶液浸渍法三类制备聚乙烯单组分复合材料的传统方法。重点介绍了热压法、共挤出热压法两类制备单组分复合材料的创新方法。分析了各制备方法的优缺点:熔融法、粉末法与溶液法效率均较低且复合材料中纤维含量较少,力学性能不佳;热压法由于初始材料为100％纤维,从而综合效率较高,力学性能良好,缺点为加工温度过于苛刻;共挤出热压法效率较高,在具有高的增强相含量的同时拥有较宽的加工温度范围,缺点为增强相强度需进一步提高。最后介绍了单组分复合材料的应用并对其研究与应用前景作了展望。