钾盐矿无轨采矿配套设备

顶板岩层稳固的上卡姆钾盐矿床的开采仍以凿岩爆破为主。为使用凿岩爆破法回采钾盐矿石各生产过程实现综合机械化,苏联采选机械设计研究院、彼尔姆矿山机械设计研究院和无轨采矿设备专业设计局等单位研制了无轨采矿配套设备,包括:MBC-1型掏槽孔凿岩台车;2BK-5B型凿岩台车;3MK-1K型装药车;1BKA-B型锚杆安装机和成批生产的-8型铲运机,其斗容加大到5.3米~3。 此配套设备的显著特点是:都有自成系统的柴油驱动装置,底盘为铰接式;并带气     

低变质程度煤液化效果的同位素监测

通过在1升的带搅拌的高压釜中使煤的重量浓度从0依次增加到2~(7％)的一系列实验,研究了Vesta次烟煤对Athabasca抽提后沥青(切除了低于350℃馏份)共处理的效果。将Vesta煤与沥青(3.94‰)之间存在的~(13)C/~(12)C比例的差别用作天然同位素示踪,以监测煤和沥青进入每一种合成液体馏份中的比率。通过比较同位素测得的产品中来自煤的比率表明:煤进入到馏出物、甲苯可溶物、甲苯不溶物的比例随掺入的煤量的增加而逐渐增加。煤的重量百分比从15％增加到2~(6％),结果甲苯不溶物增加了三倍。相应地,沥青进入到合成液体中的碳的比例也随煤的浓度而变化。比较沥青加氢处理与共处理中同位素测得的产品量表明:煤的浓度从4％增加到8％,馏出物的量增加14—17％,而甲苯可溶物相应地减少32—49％。煤的浓度为15—26％时,共处理中单独由沥青提供的馏出物无明显增加,而沥青提供的甲苯不溶物的碳的比例从0.9％增加到5.0％。这些结果表明:由5—10％的煤组成的煤-沥青混合物共处理,能够促进沥青馏出物的生成。     

石油化工工程实践教学体系的构建与实践

本文从石油化工学科发展的特点,分析了培养石油化工人才大工程观的重要意义.认为通过强化工程理论教学与工程实践教学结合,加强实验教学的建设与改革,培育校内校外实习基地,整合第一课堂与第二课堂教学资源,是构建石油化工实践教学体系,培养学生的工程素质和创新能力的有效方法与途径.     

发色团化合物在记录材料上的应用

作者就目前在应用中的各种化学复制法的建立作了初步说明以后,概略介绍了复写纸生产的一些新的趋势,在市场上已表现出这种倾向。这种纸的生产不     

反式肉桂腈的快速合成

以乙腈、氢氧化钾和苯甲醛为原料,在乙腈溶剂里,经搅拌回流(10 min)、碎冰水解、常压加热后减压蒸馏,快速合成反式肉桂腈,产率为48%~54%。研究了有机碳负离子亲核加成反应机理在有机合成中的运用。通过紫外可见光谱仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪和氢核磁共振仪对产物的结构进行了表征,证实产物正是目标产物。结果表明,依据有机碳负离子亲核加成反应机理,以氢氧化钾、苯甲醛和乙腈为原料,在温和的条件下即可快速合成反式肉桂腈。     

超厚功能梯度材料的生产方法

超厚功能梯度材料的生产方法林二一大岛贵充渡边茂男内田悦行（爱知工业大学）ＧｅｒａｋｄＴｏｕｃｈａｒｄＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｄｅＰｏｉｔｉｅｒｓ方培伦（中国江南大学）白户纹平（名古屋产业科学研究所）象美国国家航空和宇宙航天局和欧洲宇航局一样许多国家为其高...     

RuO_2+IrO_2混合氧化物的零电荷点

引言已经证明零电荷点(pzc)的测量检测用作电催化阳极的氧化物的表面结构细小变化的强有力手段。这种实验方法已经能解释制备温度对RuO_2和Co_3O_4表面性质的影响。尤其是RuO_2的pzc表现随煅烧温度有规律的增大,这与观察到O_2析出机理随电极制备程序不同而变     

拟除虫菊酯防治小麦贮存期害虫的评价

农产品及其加工产品在贮存期不断遭受损失,据报道估计为5～20%。虽然有几种新的化合物正在研究之中,但防治储粮害虫有效期长的杀虫剂还是马拉硫磷和拟除虫菊酯。目前,不同的杀虫剂包括拟除虫菊酯防治谷斑皮蠹的幼虫(Trogoderma granarium)已有评价。拟除虫菊酯如:氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯经试验证实都有很好的防效,而马拉硫磷的防效则很差。     

The Effects Of Humic Substances On Pinus Callus Are Reversed By 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

The reversal of humic matter-induced inhibition of callus growth and metabolism by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in Pinus laricio. Two forest humic fractions (relative molecular mass (M_r) > 3500), derived from soil under Fagus sylvatica (Fs) and Abies alba (Aa) plantation, were used. Pinus laricio callus was grown for a subculture period (4 weeks) on Basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus forest humic matters (Fs or Aa), at a concentration of 1 mg C/l, and then was transferred, for an additional four weeks, to a MS medium culture without humic matter, but with different hormones: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 2 mg/1) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5 mg/1) and/or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.25 mg/1). Growth of calluse, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents, and activities of soluble and bound invertases, glucokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, aldolase, and pyruvate kinase were monitored. The results show a negative effect of humic fractions on callus growth, due to decreased utilization of glucose and fructose, and decreased activities of glycolytic enzymes. The effects are reversible. Substitution of humic fractions with 2,4-D+BAP or 2,4-D is followed by an increase of glycolytic enzyme activities and, consequently, by the utilization of glucose and fructose that induces a restart of growth. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of humic fractions persist when they are substituted with BAP alone, indicating that only the auxin 2,4-D is capable of reversing the negative effects. A possible competitive action on the auxin-binding site between 2,4-D and the chemical structures in the forest humic fractions is suggested.     

Effect of iridoid glycoside content on oviposition host plant choice and parasitism in a specialist herbivore

The Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia feeds upon two host plant species in Å land, Finland, Plantago lanceolataand Veronica spicata, both of which produce iridoid glycosides. Iridoids are known to deter feeding or decrease the growth rate of many generalist insect herbivores, but they often act as oviposition cues to specialist butterflies and are feeding stimulants to their larvae. In this study, two iridoid glycosides (aucubin and catalpol) were analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. We measured the spatial and temporal variation of iridoid glycosides in natural populations of the host plants of M. cinxia. We also analyzed the aucubin and catalpol content in plants in relation to their use by ovipositing females, and in relation to the incidence of parasitism of M. cinxia larvae in natural populations. The mean concentrations of aucubin and catalpol were higher in P. lanceolata than in V. spicata, and catalpol concentrations were higher than aucubin concentrations in both host species. Plantago lanceolata individuals that were used for oviposition by M. cinxia had higher aucubin concentrations than random plants and neighboring plants. Additionally, oviposition and random plants had higher catalpol concentrations than neighboring plants, indicating that ovipositing females select for high iridoid glycoside plants or that oviposition induces iridoid glycoside production in P. lanceolata. Parasitism by the specialist parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum occurred most frequently in larval groups that were feeding on plants with low concentrations of catalpol, irrespective of year, population, and host plant species. Therefore, parasitoids appear to avoid or perform poorly in host larvae with high catalpol content.