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101.
102.
Eleanor R. Bull BA MSc PgDip CPsychol Hannah Dale BSc MSc PhD CPsychol 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(1):270-283
Community health and social care practitioners play an increasingly important role in the health promotion agenda, but lack confidence in having effective health behaviour change (HBC) conversations with members of the public. This study reports the development and evaluation of a training intervention based on health psychology to improve health and social care practitioner self-rated confidence, competence and intention to use five behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in their HBC conversations. A 2-day behavioural science interprofessional skills training course plus online learning module was designed for health and social care staff across North East Scotland, teaching five evidence-based BCTs (e.g. Action Planning), plus person-centred communication skills. Participants rated confidence, competence and future intention to use the BCTs on likert scales (1–10) pre-course and post-course, and provided acceptability data. 177 participants aged 20–64 took part, qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the course had high acceptability. Paired samples t tests (n = 120 with complete data) showed significant improvements in confidence, competence and intention following the course, which remained significant with a conservative analysis (n = 174) assuming no change for missing data. Perceived competence in Action Planning increased most during the course (mean change 3.09). In conclusion, health psychology-based skills training can improve practitioner confidence, competence and intention to use evidence-based BCTs; further evaluation is needed to assess practice change. 相似文献
103.
Iolo Madoc-Jones PhD MSc BA Hons CQSW Sarah Wadd PhD MSc BSc Lawrie Elliott PhD MA PG Cert Anne Whittaker PhD BSc Post Grad Dip RNMH RMN Laura Adnum PhD MSc BSc Ciara Close PhD MSc BSc Jennifer Seddon PhD MSc BSc Maureen Dutton Michelle McCann MA CQSW Fiona Wilson BA 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(2):344-352
Cognitive Impairment (CI) screening is recommended for those engaged in harmful levels of alcohol use. However, there is a lack of evidence on implementation. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators to CI screening experienced across a service specifically for older drinkers. The findings draw on data gathered as part of an evaluation of a multilevel programme to reduce alcohol-related harm in adults aged 50 and over in five demonstration areas across the United Kingdom. It is based on qualitative interviews and focus groups with 14 service providers and 22 service users. Findings are presented thematically under the section headings: acceptability of screening, interpretation and making sense of screening and treatment options. It is suggested that engagement with CI screening is most likely when its fit with agency culture and its purpose is clear; where service providers have the technical skills to administer and discuss the results of screening with service users; and where those undertaking screening have had the opportunity to reflect on their own experience of being screened. Engagement with CI screening is also most likely where specific intervention pathways and engagement practices can be accessed to respond to assessed need. 相似文献
104.
Case reports are presented on three patients treated for morbid obesity by vertical gastroplasty. Prior to surgery the patients
had diabetes which required insulin, up to 200 units per day, or oral hypoglycaemics for its control. Six months after surgery
the diabetes had been resolved in all three patients, and they were no longer dependent on medication. Subjective reports
from the patients suggests that their quality of life improved significantly. 相似文献
105.
Twenty of 26 (77%) consecutive patients undergoing ileogastrostomy, performed by the same surgeon (IGMC) between February
1989 and May 1992, responded to a mailed quality of life survey. Average present weight was reported as 50.9 kg less than
a mean preoperative weight of 139.7 kg. Mean time of follow-up was 24.75 months. When comparing perceptions before and after
surgery, several quality of life improvements were noted in the areas of vocation, relationships, emotional well-being and
physical well-being. Post-surgery, jobs were rated more satisfying, eating habits improved, self-image and self-confidence
increased and body disparagement declined. Satisfaction with sexual relations increased, as did frequency. In general, relations
with partners, co-workers and friends seemed to improve. Exercise also increased significantly. In contrast, foul flatus,
bloating, and bowel movements regularly hampered activities or caused embarassment when in public. Despite these physical
side-effects, we observed that a large majority of persons undergoing ileogastrostomy noted significant improvements in quality
of life. 相似文献
106.
107.
A prospective study of biochemical changes after vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity, in 94 patients (10 males
and 84 females, ages ranging from 18 to 59 years) has been carried out. Liver function tests and electrolyte estimations were
performed preoperatively, during hospitalisation for surgery, at 6 weeks and at 6 months postoperatively, and demonstrated
no significant changes in liver function in these patients 6 months after surgery. The study concludes that there is no increase
in the risk of liver damage or electrolyte disturbance after vertical gastroplasty, but that there may be subtle hepatic changes
present as gall bladder disease developed in 18 patients postoperation (19%). 相似文献
108.
A retrospective study of all ileogastrostomy procedures (n=26) performed in 1993 by one surgeon (IGMC) was carried out to investigate the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori may be implicated in certain severe cases of postoperation nausea and diarrhea. Ten of 26 persons (38.5%) displayed nausea
and notable diarrhea (greater than or equal to ten bowel movements per day), seven of which warranted upper GI investigation.
One hundred per cent (seven of seven) of these persons were found to possess H. pylori upon C-14 breath test. In four of six cases eradication therapy (1 g amoxicillin b.i.d./20 mg omeprazole b.i.d. for 2 weeks)
corresponded with a resolution of severe nausea and diarrhea (one additional case involved omeprazole use only), suggesting
that H. pylori should be considered as a possible cause of these symptoms post-ileogastrostomy. Additionally, in four of seven cases persons
were re-tested (C-14 breath analysis) at least 1 month post-therapy and in this group three persons were found to be free
of the organism. All three cases of notable diarrhea and nausea resolved with treatment, providing the strongest evidence
for a possible association between infection and these symptoms. 相似文献
109.
Dr. D. M. McKay PhD M. Benjamin BSc M. Baca-Estrada PhD R. D'Inca MD K. Croitoru MD M. H. Perdue PhD 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1995,40(2):331-337
Athymic (nude) rats have been used to assess the role of thymus-dependent T cells in the control of the intestinal response following infection with the enteric parasite,Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Tissues from infected rats were excised on days 4, 7, 10, and 21 postinfection (p-i) for physiological and morphological studies; uninfected (day 0) rats served as controls. In response to the worm burden, jejunal tissues displayed a secretory response, indicated by an elevated baseline short-circuit current (I
sc
) on days 7 and 10 p-i, and were more responsive to histamine than control tissues. Despite this enhanced secretory response, 35% of the worm burden was still present on day 21 p-i (compared with expulsion of >95% by day 14 p-i in normal rats). Mast cell activation and hyperplasia, increased goblet cell (implying increased mucus synthesis) and intraepithelial leukocyte numbers, and abnormalities inI
sc
responses after electrical stimulation of enteric nerves were identified following infection. These events in nude rats were attenuated or delayed in onset as compared with conventional immunocompetent rats. Our results support the postulate that thymus-dependent T cells regulate the timing and/or nature of the mucosal response to enteric parasitic infections. However, ion secretion was not altered in the absence of T cells and, therefore, is more likely to be a consequence of mast cell activation.This work was conducted with financial support from The Canadian Medical Research Council and the National Institutes of Health (NS 29536). 相似文献
110.
Françoise Cavailleé PhD Abdelkrim Kacémi MSc Françoise Mondon PhD Thérèse Fournier BSc Françoise Ferré PhD 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1995,173(6):1793-1799
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the protein isoform composition of the contractile apparatus at different levels of the fetoplacental vessel musculature et term.STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical, chorionic, and stem villi vessel protein extracts were run on one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; previously characterized human myometrium proteins were used as the smooth muscle proteins of reference.RESULTS: Fetoplacental vessel musculature exhibited a high ratio. The presence, in varying quantities, of myosin heavy chain and actin isoforms of smooth muscle type in the different vessels reflected their degree of differentiation. The presence of nonmuscle protein isoforms, particularly in stem villi vessels, indicated a certain degree of immaturity.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of smooth muscle contractile protein isoforms indicates that fetoplacental vessel musculature is highly differentiated. Regional modulation of fetoplacental blood flow could be, in part, the result of local differences in contractile apparatus protein composition. 相似文献