全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11411篇 |
免费 | 741篇 |
国内免费 | 74篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 12226篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 114篇 |
2022年 | 137篇 |
2021年 | 569篇 |
2020年 | 320篇 |
2019年 | 408篇 |
2018年 | 510篇 |
2017年 | 294篇 |
2016年 | 387篇 |
2015年 | 392篇 |
2014年 | 518篇 |
2013年 | 667篇 |
2012年 | 912篇 |
2011年 | 885篇 |
2010年 | 496篇 |
2009年 | 382篇 |
2008年 | 624篇 |
2007年 | 682篇 |
2006年 | 634篇 |
2005年 | 553篇 |
2004年 | 486篇 |
2003年 | 404篇 |
2002年 | 387篇 |
2001年 | 127篇 |
2000年 | 113篇 |
1999年 | 102篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 34篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 89篇 |
1991年 | 53篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1974年 | 34篇 |
1973年 | 32篇 |
1972年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 421 毫秒
991.
Al-Zahrani IA Hamson C Edge D Collins J Perry JD Raza M Gould K Harwood CR 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2011,49(11):3820-3828
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important nosocomial pathogen, and morbidity and mortality rates associated with this pathogen have increased markedly in recent years. MRSA strains are generally resistant to several classes of antibiotics and are therefore difficult and costly to treat. A major issue is to identify the sources of MRSA infections and to monitor their epidemic spread. In this study, we report the development of a typing technique for S. aureus, based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in and around SmaI-restriction sites (CCCGGG). An assessment of the SmaI restriction site-based multiplex PCR (SmaI-multiplex PCR) typing (SMT) with respect to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed a high level of concordance in the clustering of the test strains. The SmaI-multiplex PCR was found to be more discriminatory than MLST/staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing but less discriminatory than PFGE. SMT can provide real-time information for the investigation of ongoing S. aureus hospital outbreaks. SMT meets the criteria of a practical typing method: it is simple, reproducible, and highly discriminatory and does not require expensive equipment or specialist expertise. Consequently, SmaI-multiplex PCR has the potential to be used in routine clinical microbiology laboratories. 相似文献
992.
Mandal S Bradshaw L Anderson LF Brown T Evans JT Drobniewski F Smith G Magee JG Barrett A Blatchford O Laurenson IF Seagar AL Ruddy M White PL Myers R Hawkey P Abubakar I 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2011,49(5):1943-1950
Due to an increase in bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the United Kingdom, we investigated the characteristics of Mycobacterium bovis infection in humans and assessed whether extensive transmission of M. bovis between humans has occurred. A cross-sectional study linking demographic, clinical, and DNA fingerprinting (using 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat [MIRU-VNTR] typing) data on cases reported between 2005 and 2008 was undertaken. A total of 129 cases of M. bovis infection in humans were reported over the period, with a decrease in annual incidence from 0.065 to 0.047 cases per 100,000 persons. Most patients were born pre-1960, before widespread pasteurization was introduced (73%), were of white ethnicity (83%), and were born in the United Kingdom (76%). A total of 102 patients (79%) had MIRU-VNTR typing data. A total of 31 of 69 complete MIRU-VNTR profiles formed eight distinct clusters. The overall clustering proportion determined using the n - 1 method was 33%. The largest cluster, comprising 12 cases, was indistinguishable from a previously reported West Midlands outbreak strain cluster and included those cases. This cluster was heterogeneous, having characteristics supporting recent zoonotic and human-to-human transmission as well as reactivation of latent disease. Seven other, smaller clusters identified had demographics supporting recrudescence rather than recent infection. A total of 33 patients had incomplete MIRU-VNTR profiles, of which 11 may have yielded 2 to 6 further small clusters if typed to completion. The incidence of M. bovis in humans in the United Kingdom remains low, and the epidemiology is predominantly that of reactivated disease. 相似文献
993.
Michael S. Ingber Ibrahim A. Ibrahim Kim A. Killinger Ananias C. Diokno Kenneth M. Peters 《International urogynecology journal》2009,20(9):1055-1059
Introduction and hypothesis Women undergoing InterStim implantation for overactive bladder (OAB) or painful bladder syndrome (PBS) were prospectively
evaluated to determine if neuromodulation has any effect on female sexual function (FSF).
Methods Sexually active women in our InterStim database completed a female sexual function index (FSFI) preoperatively and at 6 months.
Results Of 105 women, 54 have 6-month follow-up data. Of these, 27 were sexually active preoperatively and at follow-up. The mean
(standard deviation (SD)) FSFI improved from 18.7 (6.8) preoperatively to 21.0 (6.0) postoperatively; however, this was not
statistically significant (p = 0.220). Subgroup analysis of patients with OAB revealed that mean (SD) FSFI preoperatively was 18.6 (8.0) and 22.4 (6.4)
at 6 months (p = 0.257). In the PBS group, mean (SD) FSFI was 18.8 (6.3) preoperatively and 18.7 (5.8) at 6 months (p = 0.98).
Conclusions Neuromodulation does not significantly improve FSF in a heterogenous population. Additional studies are needed to confirm
the findings in our study. 相似文献
994.
Serkan Simsek Kazim Yigitkanli Hakan Seçkin Ayhan Comert Halil I. Acar Deniz Belen Ibrahim Tekdemir Alaittin Elhan 《European spine journal》2009,18(9):1321-1325
Although various posterior insertion angles for screw insertion have been proposed for C1 lateral mass, substantial conclusions
have not been reached regarding ideal angles and average length of the screw yet. We aimed to re-consider the morphometry
and the ideal trajections of the C1 screw. Morphometric analysis was performed on 40 Turkish dried atlas vertebrae obtained
from the Department of Anatomy at the Medical School of Ankara University. The quantitative anatomy of the screw entry zone,
trajectories, and the ideal lengths of the screws were calculated to evaluate the feasibility of posterior screw fixation
of the lateral mass of the atlas. The entry point into the lateral mass of the atlas is the intersection of the posterior
arch and the C1 lateral mass. The optimum medial angle is 13.5 ± 1.9° and maximal angle of medialization is 29.4 ± 3.0°. The
ideal cephalic angle is 15.2 ± 2.6°, and the maximum cephalic angle is 29.6 ± 2.6°. The optimum screw length was found to
be 19.59 ± 2.20 mm. With more than 30° of medial trajections and cephalic trajections the screw penetrates into the spinal
canal and atlantooccipital joint, respectively. Strikingly, in 52% of our specimens, the height of the inferior articular
process was under 3.5 mm, and in 70% was under 4 mm, which increases the importance of the preparation of the screw entry
site. For accommodation of screws of 3.5-mm in diameter, the starting point should be taken as the insertion of the posterior
arch at the superior end of the inferior articular process with a cephalic trajection. This study may aid many surgeons in
their attempts to place C1 lateral mass screws. 相似文献
995.
996.
Ibrahim Dagher M.D. Ph.D. Giuseppe Di Giuro M.D. Julien Dubrez M.D. Panagiotis Lainas M.D. Claude Smadja M.D. Ph.D. Dominique Franco M.D. Ph.D. 《American journal of surgery》2009,198(2):173-177
Background
The safety of laparoscopic major liver resections is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare our results for laparoscopic right hepatectomy (LRH) with those for open right hepatectomy (ORH).Methods
Patients undergoing LRH were compared with retrospectively selected patients from our ORH database. The 2 groups were well matched for sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, liver disease, and tumor size. Surgical and postsurgical outcomes were compared.Results
Seventy-two patients were analyzed: 22 in the LRH group and 50 in the ORH group. Operating time was similar. Blood loss was significantly less in laparoscopic resections (P = .038). Specific morbidity rates were not different, general morbidity was lower after laparoscopy (P = .04), and the severity of postsurgical complications was not different. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter after laparoscopy (P = .009).Comments
Laparoscopy improved surgical and postsurgical outcomes for ORH in selected patients. This is the first comparative study to demonstrate an advantage of laparoscopy for a major liver resection. Prospective randomized studies with a greater number of cases are needed to confirm the role of laparoscopy in major liver resections. 相似文献997.
998.
999.
Kagan Tun Berker Cemil Ahmet Gurhan Gurcay Erkan Kaptanoglu Mustafa F. Sargon Ibrahim Tekdemir Ayhan Comert Yucel Kanpolat 《Surgical neurology》2009,72(5):496-500
BackgroundPRF treatment has recently been described as minimally neurodestructive alternative to radiofrequency heat lesions. Patients with some pain syndromes in whom the pain could not be controlled by alternative techniques may be treated using PRF. In the present study, our main goal was to evaluate and compare the ultrastructure of peripheral nerve tissue that was heated by PRF, CRF with 42°C, and CRF with 70°C.MethodsForty-five male rats were divided into 5 groups. In PRF group and CRF with 42°C group, the sciatic nerve was heated at a temperature of 42°C for 120 seconds. As a positive control, some rat sciatic nerves were treated with CRF lesions at 70°C. The rats were kept alive for 21 days and then killed. Tissue was evaluated with transmission electron microscope, and grading was done to the groups.ResultsThe unmyelinated nerve fibers were ultrastructurally normal in all groups. The results of myelinated axons indicated that PRF group had better grades, and CRF with 70°C group had the worst grade. Especially, comparison of the group of PRF and CRF with 42°C revealed significant difference. In PRF group, none of the myelinated axons showed severe degeneration findings, and most of the damaged myelinated axons showed only separation in myelin configuration.ConclusionsPRF treatment may cause separation in myelinated axons. However, it seems that all changes were reversible. The present study supports the hypothesis that pulsed RF treatment does not rely on thermal injury of neurologic tissue to achieve its effect. 相似文献
1000.
Ibrahim Fathi Ghalayini Mohammed A. Al-Ghazo Ziad Ali Elnasser 《International urology and nephrology》2009,41(4):805-813