Phase modulation of an electron flow in the case of large transit angles

Within the framework of a model allowing an analytic solution, the interaction of an electron with the field that is a superposition of a high-frequency (from millimeter- to light-wavelength) electric field and the electrostatic field is considered. The characteristics of the electron motion in the field are investigated as functions of the entrance phase. It is shown that the electron beam flowing through the region of the high-frequency field undergoes modulation that is determined by the phase of the electron entrance into the region of the high-frequency field. It is found that, for certain parameters of the system, the density of an electron flow in free space can effectively be modulated.     

Crack branching in carbon steel. Fracture mechanisms

The fracture surfaces of pressure vessels made of carbon steel that form during crack branching propagation are examined by fractography. Crack branching is found to occur at a crack velocity higher than a certain critical value V > V _c . In this case, the material volume that is involved in fracture and depends on the elastoplastic properties of the material and the sample width has no time to dissipate the energy released upon crack motion via the damage mechanisms intrinsic in the material under given deformation conditions (in our case, via cracking according to intragranular cleavage).     

Spinning front formation in fuel gas-air flame

The method of forming a spinning front of the flame in a propane-air mixture in a flat gap between two plates is proposed. It is shown that the spinning flame fronts (SFFs) are formed in gas mixtures with an excess fuel component and are due to the decay of an initial cylindrical front. It is established that the decay of a cylindrical front is related to the onset of a thermodiffusion instability, which is accompanied by the suppression of the majority of small perturbations on the flame surface and results in the development of only two of these perturbations. The subsequent evolution of the fields of temperatures, concentrations, and velocities in the vicinity of the leader points of developing perturbations results in the formation of an SFF, which resembles extended arc-shaped whiskers. Temporal variations in the angular and tangential velocities of SFF propagation are determined.     

Method of measuring the passband of radio receiving apparatus

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 46–47, June, 1990.     

Procedure for investigation of the pressure acting on walls retaining soil subject to freezing-thawing

A procedure for, and results of field and laboratory studies of the forces and deformations that develop during the freezing-thawing of heaving soils behind retaining walls are cited. __________ Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 3, pp. 15–18, May–June, 2007.     

Kinetics of clusters of elementary damages in loaded materials: Probabilistic cellular automation modeling

A probabilistic cellular automation is used to model accumulation of elementary damages and evolution of their clustering arrangement. Kinetic characteristics of the dynamics of the cluster quantity and evolution of the time correlation functions for the cluster quantity and elementary damage quantity are studied. It is established that their behavior has some features that are possible to interpret as the precursors of transition of the system to the pre-failure stage of evolution. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 49–60, January–February, 2006.