立体生态景观的适应性重构 ——山地城市河流护岸草本植物群落生态种植

Plant communities in mountainous cities play significant roles in revetment protection, sediment interception, water purification, ecological buffer, biodiversity conservation, and landscape quality improvement. Meanwhile, the local complex hydrologic conditions may pose adversity stress to the structure, function, and ecological process of these plant communities. This paper introduces the restoration practices of river revetments in the Jiulong Waitan section of Chongqing employing ecological planting strategies. First, a technical framework was proposed for the re-establishment of riparian herbaceous communities as the multilayered semi-natural meadows that were planted by strips and zones upon hydrologic conditions. Second, principles and modes of these ecological planting practices were elaborated. Third, an evaluation on the communities’ performance indicated that they could adapt to the complex hydrological conditions in mountainous cities, including sharp rise and fall of river level during summer floods, high temperature, and storm runoff. This study may provide a scientific reference for riverfront landscape optimization of the main stream of the Yangtze River, and a paradigm for the ecological conservation and the establishment of ecological barrier for the upper reaches.     

工业化转型发展下城市工业景观的环境再生策略——上海典型案例调研与比较

With the nationwide trend of shifting from industrialization to post-industrialization, Shanghai is one of the first cities stepping into the post-industrialization stage. The large amount of industrial landscapes left over from this transition requires heritage preservation, industrial transformation, and environmental conservation. This paper reviewed the long-term modern industry development of Shanghai and divided its various industrial landscapes into three categories of regeneration: heritage revitalization, site transformation, and environmental optimization. After summarizing the existing constructive guidelines and standards, five sample areas of typical industrial landscapes in Shanghai were surveyed in terms of construction control, supporting service improvement, and industrial structure upgrading, with regeneration strategies suggested for each of them. The results show that the sample area for heritage revitalization needs to prioritize heritage reuse and ecological restoration; sample areas for site transformation should reinforce the improvement of service facilities and public spaces together with establishing the recycling industry chain; and sample areas for environmental optimization have to enhance the ecological performance of green spaces by introducing vertical greening along with energy saving and emission reduction for an environmental quality improvement. In conclusion, strategies for each type of regeneration should vary on a case-by-case basis so as to improve its environment and achieve sustainable development with a synergy in environment, society, and economy.     

设计的"为"与"不为"——围绕幼儿游戏空间设计的思考

To all kinds of design, the negotiation between the expression of designers’ idea and the representation of users’ desire is a typical internal tension of design. Particularly, the balancing of the internal tension of the design for children requires sophisticated solutions, because the needs of the actual users are often (mis-)represented by the desire of their parents. Therefore, in addition to satisfying social needs, the designers should also recognize the collective unconsciousness of adults who express on behalf of children. Taking the studies in Developmental Psychology and Anthropology as reference, this article focuses on playing, instead of knowledge acquisition, and discusses the balancing of the internal tension of the design of playing spaces for children, especially for the preschoolers. This article aims at revealing the role of games to children’s psychological and intelligence growth, as well as their game playing mechanism, by answering two questions: why do children play games and how do they play? By illustrating a case study on the playground design of the COBY Preschool in Japan, the proposed concept of “design to not design” is expected to inspire the design of children’s playing spaces.     

面向积极生活的建成环境量表比较研究

Nowadays, chronic non-communicable diseases have impacted the overall public health level of societies and caused severe socio-economic burden. Empirical studies have revealed that physical activities can promote active living and help prevent and heal non-communicable diseases. Evaluation of built environment factors associated with physical activities is the precondition of promoting active living through environmental planning and design. This paper focuses on environmental audit tools related to physical activities, reviews the background, interests, and progress of international research, and compares the option forms, main measured factors, scoring methods, and application suitability of 26 audit tools. It then categorizes these audit tools into the ones for community, open space, and other scenarios, and examines their indicator items respectively. The paper concludes a preparation pattern across various audit tools, and identifies that facilities, accessibility, visual quality, and safety are the indicators most commonly measured. This paper attempts to introduce international experience of developing, analyzing, and verifying audit tools to inform Chinese research and practice and provide references for evaluating the design and construction of healthy cities or communities.     

基于FPGA实现异步串行通信

为了适应全数字化自动控制更加广泛的应用,采用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）对异步串行通信控制器（UART）进行多模块的系统设计的方法,使串口通信的集成度更高。对UART系统结构进行了模块化分解,可分为三个模块：FPGA波特率发生器控制模块、FPGA数据发送模块及数据接收模块。采用Verilog语言描述硬件功能,利用Xilinx公司的FPGA芯片,在Xilinx ISE Design Suite 13.4环境下进行设计、编译、综合、下载。采用第三方仿真工具ModelSim进行模拟仿真。     

DZ17G定向凝固高温合金微激光冲击强化方法与疲劳试验研究

针对航空发动机定向凝固涡轮叶片疲劳断裂故障,对DZ17G合金模拟叶片进行激光冲击处理,为了防止剧烈塑性变形导致粗大柱状晶发生晶粒细化,提出基于微激光冲击强化系统的水下无吸收保护层高频冲击方法,采用短脉宽、微尺度激光降低塑性变形程度和深度,采用无吸收保护层的高频冲击方式获得均匀形变强化层。试验结果表明：DZ17G模拟叶片微激光冲击后浅表层内仅形成了高密度位错和位错缠结等组织结构,未发生晶粒细化,而且位错密度随深度快速降低;高密度位错集聚缠结使表面硬度提高达30%,但硬化层深度仅为180 μm。DZ17G模拟叶片疲劳强度由257.00 MPa提高到302.00 MPa,提高幅度达17.5%,而且800℃下保温2h后仍有11.7%的提高,其中高密度位错和位错缠结是疲劳性能提高的内在原因。     

餐饮业今年将持续发力

2009年，受国际金融危机影响，餐饮行业出现大规模结构调整：高端餐饮企业开始走亲民路线：中低端餐饮企业则更多地走进社区：连锁企业配送中心、主食厨房等大众化餐饮企业蓬勃发展，而且更加注重饮食本身的健康、营养和搭配。     

弱胶结软岩地层煤矿立井全深冻结次生水害防治技术

全深冻结法凿井技术在解决西部富水弱胶结软岩地层井筒施工难题的同时,面临井筒次生水害的严峻挑战。钻孔环形空间水害和井筒井壁水害两类全深冻结井筒水害,极易造成重大经济损失,影响矿井建设和生产安全。结合大海则、葫芦素、红庆梁、胡家河、门克庆等西部矿区煤矿井筒冻结工程实际,介绍了全深冻结井筒次生水害防治技术,对西部矿区全深冻结井筒水害防治具有借鉴意义。     

葫芦素煤矿冻结孔安全钻进与导水通道封堵技术

葫芦素煤矿西翼风井井筒穿越深厚软弱岩层,区域生态环境脆弱,地质与水文地质条件复杂,全深冻结法施工面临诸多问题:冻结钻孔成孔难度大;冻结管下放易卡阻;冻结壁解冻后,钻孔环形空间存在导水隐患等。通过采用抑制性防塌钻井液和钻孔环形空间导水通道置换封堵技术,有效保障了冻结孔钻进施工安全,消除了冻结壁解冻后的冻结孔环形空间导水淹井隐患,为生态环境脆弱地区深厚软弱岩层井筒冻结法施工提供了经验。