Media Effects on Acculturation and Biculturalism: A Case Study of Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles' Koreatown

Given the assumption that mass media reflect the cultural values of a society, this study investigates the effects of American and Korean mass media on Korean immigrants' acculturation process. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression modeling were used to evaluate how exposure to mass media is related to the acculturation process. The survey results from the two different analyses were consistent with each other, in that exposure to American mass media was a significant positive predictor for the acceptance of American cultural values and a significant negative predictor of the affinity for Korean cultural identity. However, exposure to Korean mass media was related to neither immigrant's affinity for Korean cultural identity nor acceptance of American cultural values. Thus, we surmise that even though Korean immigrants are frequently exposed to both American and Korean mass media, they tend to be Americanized instead of bicultural due to the strong effects of the American media.     

Gender portrayal in Hong Kong and Korean children's TV commercials: A cross‐cultural comparison

This study examined gender portrayal in a sample of 345 television commercials broadcast during children's programmes in Hong Kong and Korea using content analysis. Literature suggests that Hong Kong culture differs from Korean culture on the dimension of Masculinity/Femininity proposed by Hofstede. The differences between the two countries provide a valid test of theory, and suggest hypotheses about the gender portrayal in children's advertising. The results of the study showed, contrary to expectations from Hofstede's framework, that the gender portrayal of central characters and the level of gender stereotyping in Hong Kong commercials was similar to those of Korean commercials. Possible explanations include the emerging homogeneous youth market using a standardized advertising strategy, and the rising concern for women's rights in Korea.     

Predictors of Localism in Public Television Scheduling in the United States

In the United States, public television claims itself a champion of localism. A prime-time schedule analysis of the Public Broadcasting Service's (PBS) member stations establishes localism scores, and discriminant analysis finds variables that predict differences among stations. Market level variables (income, education, ethnic diversity, geographic component) and organizational level variables (Community Service Grants, membership funding, overall revenue) affect localization of member stations' schedules. This is the first empirical study utilizing a structural operationalization of localism, inclusive of all programming genres, applied to PBS member stations.     

A sequence-based filtering method for exhibition booth visit recommendations

As exhibitions are known to play important roles in marketing and sales promotion, the exhibition industry has grown significantly not only in the exhibition event size and frequency but also in the number of participating firms and visitors. While the challenge in assessing economic returns from exhibitions is being studied, it is agreed that the eventual success of an exhibition resides largely in its ability to meet the visitors’ needs. Visitors use an exhibition as a source of information when searching for products or services. Though an exhibition provides an information-rich environment, however, visitors often get lost in the abundance of information. A specialized recommender system can be a good solution to information overload as it can guide visitors to right exhibition booths and help them collect necessary information. Traditional collaborative-filtering recommender systems, however, use only customers’ rating or purchase records so that they do not capture exhibition visitors’ temporal visit sequences and dynamic preferences. Moreover, due to the computation overhead, they cannot generate real-time recommendation in ubiquitous environments for exhibitions. In order to overcome these drawbacks, this study proposes a booth recommendation procedure that takes into consideration not only booth visit records but also visit sequences. Experiment results show that the proposed procedure achieves higher recommendation accuracy, faster computation, and more diversity than a typical collaborative-filtering recommender system. From the results, we conclude that the proposed booth recommendation procedure is suitable for real-time recommendation in ubiquitous exhibition environments.     

Curriculum Principles and Social Trends by J. Minor Gwynn,The Macmillan Company. 630 pages. $3.50

Education: Elementary School Organization and Administration by Henry J. Otto. D. Appleton-Century Company, New York. Pp. xvi + 565, $3.75.

Teacher Education in Service by Charles E. Prall and C. Leslie Cushman. American Council on Education. 503 pp. $3.00.

The Future of Education by Porter Sargent. Published by the Author, 11 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts. 254 pp. $2.00.

The Guidance of Learning Activities by William H. Burton. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 601 pp. $3.75.

General Literature: No Mean City by Simeon Strunsky, E. P. Dutton and Company. 285 pp. $3.00.

Geography: Our Air-Age World by Leonard O. Packard, Bruce Overton, and Ben D. Wood. The Macmillan Co. 838 pp. $2.80.

History: American History in Schools and Colleges edited by Edgar B. Wesley. The Macmillan Company, 144 pp. $1.25.

Basic History of the United States by Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, The New Home Library, Garden City Publishing Co., 489 pp., 69 cents.

Philosophy: The Condition of Man by Lewis Mumford. Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, New York. 467 pp. $5.00.

Personality and Character Building by Robert S. McElhinney and Henry Lester Smith. Light and Life Press, Winona Lake, Indiana. 345 pp.

The Growth of American Thought by Merle Curti. Harper and Brothers, 816 pp. $5.00.

Psychology: Case Studies in the Psychotherapy of Crime. Volume II. Medical Science Press, Station L. Washington, D.C. 732 pp. $16.00.

Social Science: A Guide to Public Opinion Polls by George Gallup. Princeton University Press. 104 pp. $1.50.

Gauging Public Opinion by Hadley Cantril. Princeton University Press. 318 pp. $3.75.

Morale for a Free World, Twenty Second Year Book by Commission on Education for Morale. American Association of School Administrators, Washington, 462 pp. $2.00

You and Your Congress by Volta Torrey. William Morrow &; Co. 273 pp. $3.00.     

‘To teach the natives English’: James Pope’s 1880 native schools code

From their inception in New Zealand in 1816, until the end of the century in some cases, most mission schools in the colony maintained instruction solely in the Māori language. However, from the 1840s, successive colonial governments promoted a secular schooling system in which English would be the language in which students were taught, principally because Māori was seen as an impediment to the governments’ assimilationist ideology. The 1880 Native Schools Code, devised by the first Inspector of New Zealand’s Native Schools, James Pope, was one of the final major steps in this era in advancing this assimilationist ideal through the country’s education system. Pope’s initiative was partly a continuation of state policy that had existed in some form since the 1840s, but it also served as the most explicit statement to that time of how the government intended to use schooling to incorporate Māori into colonial society.     

＂I don＇t see color,I only see children!＂： A study of teachers＇ color-blindness for Asian students/family

The purpose of this study is to explore USA educators＇ resistance toward cultural awareness for Korean students and families in the New York metropolitan area. The authors aim to challenge teachers＇ color-blindness that is widely spread among USA educators. Guided by critical race theory, the authors show that the perceived fairness of color-blindness could cause struggles for Korean parents and students in American schools. The authors posit USA teachers need to thoroughly understand that if a teacher does not see color, then s/he does not really see children. This study, hopefully, will help educators recognize the necessity of understanding diverse ethnic parents＇ perspectives and needs. Also, this study will provide an opportunity for educators to rethink assumptions that are embedded in color-blindness, and advance muiticultural education that is more culturally relevant and responsive for different ethnic/racial groups＇ needs.     

Investigation of chemistry graduate teaching assistants' teacher knowledge and teacher identity

Graduate students play an integral role in undergraduate chemistry education at doctoral granting institutions where they routinely serve as instructors of laboratories and supplementary discussion sessions. Simultaneously, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) balance major research and academic responsibilities. Although GTAs have substantial instructional facetime with large numbers of undergraduate students, little is known about their conceptions of teaching or their identities as teachers. To investigate the knowledge that GTAs have regarding teaching in this unique context, their teaching identities, and how these developed, we conducted 22 interviews with graduate students from several universities at various levels in their graduate school career using a modified Teacher Beliefs Interview. Interviews were analyzed for two overarching teacher learning constructs: teacher knowledge and teacher identity. We characterized chemistry GTAs' teacher knowledge and identity and determined major influencing factors. We found that chemistry GTAs often identified as a tutor or lab manager, which hindered their self-investment in developing as teachers. The results presented herein contribute to an understanding of GTAs' teacher knowledge, teacher identity, and their teaching context, from which training can be designed to best support GTA development.     

青藏高原降血脂药物研究进展

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,高脂血症的发病率呈明显上升趋势,高脂血症又是诱发冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)、动脉硬化、脂肪肝、糖尿病、肥胖症等的重要因素,因此寻找高效无毒的降血脂药物有着重要的现实意义。本文简要介绍了青藏高原主要降血脂药物成分和功效及其研究进展。     

The Influence of an Inclusive Education Course on Attitude Change of Pre‐service Secondary Teachers in Hong Kong

Since the mid‐1990s in Hong Kong there has been a slow but obvious shift from expecting students with disabilities to be educated in segregated special schools to providing more opportunities for them to be educated alongside their mainstream peers. Pre‐service teacher training institutions have begun to offer modules of study in order to assist mainstream teachers in coping with greater diversity in their classes. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the adequacy of an inclusive education module on the attitude change of pre‐service teachers in Hong Kong. A convenience sample of over 200 pre‐service secondary teachers in a B.Ed. (Honours) Programme at one university participated in the study. Data were obtained through a three‐part questionnaire to find out whether there were any substantial changes in their attitudes, concerns and confidence for inclusion before and after taking a module of study on inclusive education. Findings and implications are drawn in light of preparing teachers to cater for diversity in the schools in Hong Kong.