香豆胶性质的研究

本文介绍了香豆胶的原料、化学结构、水溶液粘度和流变性、交联及交联剂、水基冻胶性能。香豆胶水基压裂液已在116口井试用,效果明显。     

Assessing county-level water footprints of different cellulosic-biofuel feedstock pathways

While agricultural residue is considered as a near-term feedstock option for cellulosic biofuels, its sustainability must be evaluated by taking water into account. This study aims to analyze the county-level water footprint for four biofuel pathways in the United States, including bioethanol generated from corn grain, stover, wheat straw, and biodiesel from soybean. The county-level blue water footprint of ethanol from corn grain, stover, and wheat straw shows extremely wide variances with a national average of 31, 132, and 139 L of water per liter biofuel (L(w)/L(bf)), and standard deviation of 133, 323, and 297 L(w)/L(bf), respectively. Soybean biodiesel production results in a blue water footprint of 313 L(w)/L(bf) on the national average with standard deviation of 894 L(w)/L(bf). All biofuels show a greater green water footprint than the blue one. This work elucidates how diverse spatial resolutions affect biofuel water footprints, which can provide detailed insights into biofuels' implications on local water sustainability.     

嵌入分层聚类的小波零树图像编码

该文研究了小波系数的一类新的统计特性－－分层聚类特性，为了利用这种特性，文章分析了这些分层聚类的结构关系，并结合已有小波零树技术提出了一个嵌入分层聚类零树小波图像压缩编码算法，这个新算法利用形态学算子来聚类优化子带内重要系数编码，同时使用小波零树来实现对子带间小波系数相似衰减特性的利用，提高对不重要小波系数的编码效率，因此，新算法有效地克服了单纯使用零树或单纯使用形态学聚类技术所存在的不足，实验结果证实：该文所提出的编码器性能相对于EZW编码器有明显的提高，其性能可以与SPIHT编码器和MRWD编码器相媲美，该文所提出的编码器不仅具有渐进传输和CBR应用所需的嵌入特性，同时也具有极低的算法复杂度，稍加改动还可以支持多分辨编／解码。     

Anti-Cancer Effects and Tumor Marker Role of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 5 in Human Bladder Cancer

Our previous study demonstrated that the glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (GSTM5) gene is highly CpG-methylated in bladder cancer cells and that demethylation by 5-aza-dC activates GSTM5 gene expression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of GSTM5 in bladder cancer. The levels of GSTM5 gene expression and DNA methylation were analyzed in patients with bladder cancer, and functional studies of GSTM5 were conducted using GSTM5 overexpression in cultured bladder cancer cells. Clinical analysis revealed that the GSTM5 mRNA expression was lower in bladder cancer tissues than in normal tissues and that the level of GSTM5 DNA methylation was higher in bladder cancer tissues than in normal urine pellets. Overexpression of GSTM5 decreased cell proliferation, migration and colony formation capacity. Glutathione (GSH) assay results indicated that cellular GSH concentration was decreased by GSTM5 expression and that GSH supplementation reversed the decrease in proliferation and migration of cells overexpressing GSTM5. By contrast, a GSH synthesis inhibitor significantly decreased 5637 cell GSH levels, survival and migration. Furthermore, GSTM5 overexpression inhibited the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. To elucidate the effect of GSTM5 on anticancer drugs used to treat bladder cancer, cellular viability was compared between cells with or without GSTM5 overexpression. GSTM5-overexpressed cells showed no significant change in the cytotoxicity of cisplatin or mitomycin C in 5637, RT4 and BFTC 905 cells. Though a degree of resistance to doxorubicin was noted in 5637 cells overexpressing GSTM5, no such resistance was observed in RT4 and BFTC 905 cells. In summary, GSTM5 plays a tumor suppressor role in bladder cancer cells without significantly affecting chemoresistance to cisplatin and mitomycin C, and the cellular GSH levels highlight a key mechanism underlying the cancer inhibition effect of GSTM5. These findings suggest that low gene expression and high DNA methylation levels of GSTM5 may act as tumor markers for bladder cancer.     

基于集员滤波的双Kinect人体关节点数据融合

以Kinect为代表的深度图像传感器在肢体康复系统中得到广泛应用.单一深度图像传感器采集人体关节点数据时由于肢体遮挡、传感器数据错误和丢失等原因降低系统可靠性.本文研究了利用两台Kinect深度图像传感器进行数据融合从而达到消除遮挡、数据错误和丢失的目的,提高康复系统中数据的稳定性和可靠性.首先,利用两台Kinect采集患者健康侧手臂运动数据;其次,对两组数据做时间对准、Bursa线性模型下的坐标变换和基于集员滤波的数据融合;再次,将融合后的健康侧手臂运动数据经过“镜像运动”作为患侧手臂运动指令;最后,将患侧运动指令下发给可穿戴式镜像康复外骨骼带动患者患侧手臂完成三维动画提示的康复动作,达到患者主动可控康复的目的.本文通过Kinect与VICON系统联合实验以及7自由度机械臂控制实验验证了数据融合方法的有效性,以及两台Kinect可有效解决上述问题.     

二维铁电材料调控下的石墨烯超灵敏太赫兹探测器

石墨烯具有缺陷密度低、易大面积转移,载流子迁移率高等优异特性,但石墨烯具有的零带隙能带结构导致光生载流子寿命不高,制约了其在高灵敏光电探测器的应用。本工作中利用铁电材料CuInP₂S₆（CIPS）做顶栅来调控石墨烯的光电特性,探索了提升石墨烯太赫兹探测器灵敏度的可能性,研究了基于铁电调控下的石墨烯光热电效应和等离子体波自混频效应的探测机理,得到了高性能的石墨烯太赫兹探测器。在40 mV的偏置电压和2.12 V的栅压下,该器件在0.12 THz波段辐射下达到了0.5 A/W的响应率,响应时间为1.67 μs,噪声等效功率为0.81 nW/Hz^1/2。在0.29 THz波段辐射下仍达到了0.12 A/W的响应率,且噪声等效功率为1.78 nW/Hz^1/2。该工作展示了二维铁电异质结构在太赫兹波段中的巨大应用前景。     

Büchi Store: an open repository of \omega -automata

We introduce Büchi Store, an open repository of Büchi automata and other types of $\omega $ -automata for model-checking practice, research, and education. The repository contains Büchi automata and their complements for common specification patterns and numerous temporal formulae. These automata are made as small as possible by various construction techniques in view of the fact that smaller automata are easier to understand and often help in speeding up the model-checking process. The repository is open, allowing the user to add automata that define new languages or are smaller than existing equivalent ones. Such a collection of Büchi automata is also useful as a benchmark for evaluating translation or complementation algorithms and as examples for studying Büchi automata and temporal logic. These apply analogously for other types of $\omega $ -automata, including deterministic Büchi and deterministic parity automata, which are also collected in the repository. In particular, the use of smaller deterministic parity automata as an intermediary helps reduce the complexity of automatic synthesis of reactive systems from temporal specifications.     

(研究生论坛)基于DFT的FSK信号解调自适应门限同步检测算法

传统的基于离散傅立叶变换(DFT)的频移键控(FSK)信号解调在同步检测中采用了固定门限,无法适应时变信道环境中信号衰减和噪声干扰的动态变化,实际应用中效果不佳。为了解决这个问题,首先在分析传统方法固有缺陷的基础上,提出了自适应门限同步检测的思路,然后应用随机信号检测与估计相关理论对检测算法进行了详细推导,并给出了自适应门限的计算公式,最后对算法的有效性及性能进行了仿真与分析,结果表明该方法所得的同步检测门限在不同信噪比情况下均能适应信道环境的动态变化,其虚警概率和检测概率的性能与理论相符,有效解决了时变信道环境下门限选择的问题。     

16S rRNA基因序列、生化鉴定、质谱3类方法鉴定常见微生物的结果分析

目的比较16SrRNA基因序列、生化鉴定、质谱鉴定3类实验方法分析沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌的鉴定结果的异同。方法挑选沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌各50株,分别进行16S rRNA基因序列测定、VITEK COMPACT 2生化鉴定、质谱鉴定3类实验,并比较3类实验的鉴定结果。结果 3类实验方法对大部分沙门氏菌鉴定在属水平,生化鉴定方法对少数血清型鉴定到种水平;对金黄色葡萄球菌均鉴定到种水平; 16SrRNA基因序列、生化方法对蜡样芽孢杆菌鉴定到属水平,质谱鉴定到种水平。结论 3类实验方法对大部分沙门氏菌、所有金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定水平相同,质谱鉴定蜡样芽孢杆菌的结果更准确,且质谱鉴定时效性更高。     

甚长基线干涉测量数字基带转换器子通道时延影响分析

为提高甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)带宽综合处理精度,在接收系统各通道时延一致的情况下,对数字基带转换器(DBBC)子通道时延对带宽综合精度的影响进行了分析。通过理论推导,首次发现在单站群时延测量中,子通道时延会使不同子通道之间产生相位阶梯,引入带宽综合处理误差;在双站时延差测量中,当两个观测站相应子通道本振频率差不相同时,也会出现相位阶梯,降低带宽综合处理精度。针对不同数字基带转换器结构,讨论子通道时延的影响域,提出通过子通道时延补偿消除相位阶梯。仿真结果表明,子通道时延补偿可以有效消除相位阶梯,使带宽综合处理精度至少提高一个量级以上。