2205 双相不锈钢在熔融氯化物盐膜下的腐蚀

利用热重分析考察了表面涂有ZnCl2-KCl混合盐膜的2205双相不锈钢在450℃氧化性气氛中的耐蚀性，结果表明，材料发生加速腐蚀，形成厚且疏松的表面腐蚀层。并在基体内发生晶间腐蚀及沿富Cr相的择优侵蚀，在该环境下，材料中较高的Cr含量没有提供充分的保护性，甚至恶化材料的耐蚀性能。用热力学讨论其作用机理。     

煤基活性炭去除放射性碘的性能研究

对几种国产煤级活性炭的除碘性能作了初步研究。实验结果表明,所研究的浸渍煤基活性炭的除碘性能,并不亚于果壳类(椰壳、山核桃壳、油棕壳、杏壳等)浸渍活性炭,其物理特性除个别指标略微偏低外,基本上能够满足核级浸渍活性炭的要求。     

高架排放及大粗糙地形条件下稳定度分类方法对大气扩散计算结果的影响

本文介绍在高架排放及大粗糙地形条件下稳定度分类方法对大气扩散计算结果的影响。采用五种不同的稳定度分类方法,对在西德卡尔斯鲁厄核研究中心(KfK)进行的一系列(22次)高架源(H=100m)大粗糙地形(地面粗糙长度 Z_0≈1.5m)条件下的大气扩散示踪试验数据作了统计分析。结果表明:在大粗糙地形及高架排放条件下,用高斯烟羽模式预报的归一化扩散因子与其实测值符合较好;对同一系列示踪试验数据,用不同稳定度分类方法分析处理会得出不同的弥散系数;在采用推荐的扩散参数进行环境评价时,最好使用与推荐者采用的相同的稳定度分类方法     

21st century challenges in radiation protection and shielding: draft 2005 recommendations of ICRP

The International Commission on Radiological Protection regularly examines the status of its recommendations and reviews the increasing knowledge of the effects of exposure to ionising radiation in order to decide whether new recommendations are needed. The Commission strives to make its system more coherent and comprehensible, while recognising the need for stability in international and national regulations, many of which have, only fairly recently, implemented the 1990 Recommendations. However, new scientific data have been produced since 1990 and there have been societal developments in that more openness or transparency is expected in developing new recommendations and, in addition, there has been a move from the utilitarian approach of 'the greatest good for the greatest number', to one with more concern for the 'individual', all of which have inevitably led to some changes in the formulation of the recommendations. This paper outlines the proposals for the 2005 Recommendations.     

Prevention of high-dose-rate brachytherapy accidents. ICRP Publication 97

High-dose-rate brachytherapy is a rapidly growing technique (HDR) that has been replacing low-dose-rate (LDR) procedures over the last few years in both industrialised and developing countries. It is estimated that about 500,000 procedures (administration of treatment) are performed by HDR units annually. LDR equipment has been discontinued by many manufacturers over the last few years, leaving HDR brachytherapy as the major alternative. HDR brachytherapy techniques deliver a very high dose, of the order of 1.6-5.0 Gy/min, so mistakes can lead to under- or overdosage with the potential for clinical adverse effects. More than 500 HDR accidents (including one death) have been reported along the entire chain of procedures from source packing to delivery of dose. Human error has been the prime cause of radiation events. In the present report, the International Commission on Radiological Protection concludes that many accidents could have been prevented if staff had had functional monitoring equipment and paid attention to the results. Since iridium has relatively short half-life, the HDR sources need to be replaced approximately every 4 months. Over 10,000 HDR sources are transported annually, with the resultant potential for accidents; therefore, appropriate procedures and regulations must be observed. A number of specific recommendations on procedures and equipment are given in this report. The need for an emergency plan and for practising emergency procedures is stressed. The possibility of loss or theft of sources must be kept in mind. A collaborating team of specifically trained personnel following quality assurance (QA) procedures is necessary to prevent accidents. Maintenance is indispensable component of QA; external audits of procedures re-enforce good and safe practice, and identify potential causes of accidents. QA should include peer review of cases. Accidents and incidents should be reported and the lessons learned should be shared with other users to prevent similar mistakes.     

高浓度制浆造纸废水的深度治理技术

采用混凝沉淀＋高级氧化为主体工艺对制浆造纸废水进行深度处理,实践表明,出水水质满足《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》（GB3544-2008）的新要求。     

钢的大气暴露腐蚀与室内模拟加速腐蚀的相关性

通过大气暴露试验和实验室的浸渍干燥湿润复合循环试验,结合腐蚀产物的表面分析,研究了4种钢在沈阳地区的大气腐蚀规律和模拟大气腐蚀过程的腐蚀规律.结果表明：在大气暴露试验和室内模拟加速腐蚀试验中,4种钢的腐蚀产物都具有不同程度的保护性,腐蚀规律可用ΔW=Ktn公式描述,室内外腐蚀试验结果有较好的相关性.采用001 mol/L NaHSO3+0.001 mol/L NaCl介质为加速剂, 通过干湿复合 循环试验,可模拟钢在沈阳大气环境中的腐蚀过程,近似推测户外长期暴露试验的结果.     

袋式除尘行业2010年度发展报告

1 2010年袋式除尘行业发展现状及分析 1.1 2010年国家政策对袋式除尘行业发展的影响 2010年是我国环保行业蓬勃发展的一年,也是袋式除尘行业恢复性发展的一年,不仅有经济复苏带来的动力,更有新兴行业发展带来的机遇。     

304奥氏体钢的高温高压氢腐蚀

定氢分析和扫描电镜观察证实在450℃和5MPa氢气中服役20000h的304奥氏体钢发生了氢蚀透射电镜分析表明,氢蚀原因是Cr_(23)C_6碳化物存在实验和热力学分析都表明,长大期内的CH_4气泡周围Cr并未贫化     

可溶盐污染对涂层下A3钢腐蚀和涂层失效的影响

利用挂片实验研究了8种可溶盐对涂层下金属腐蚀和涂层失效的影响规律.对A3钢基体，NH4Cl、NaSO4和Na2SO3的腐蚀促进作用接近，FeSO4的影响略大于前几种可溶盐，而NaCl的影响略小.NaNO3和NH4NO3只对涂层起泡有较大促进作用，对腐蚀的影响较小.NH4Cl对起泡和腐蚀均有较大的促进作用，而ZnCl2则有一定的抑制腐蚀作用.傅利叶变换红外光谱分析表明水分子和涂层分子的羰基C＝O形成氢键.扫描电镜和X-射线能谱分析表明可溶盐阴离子集中存在于表面的深坑中，对腐蚀的阳极反应(金属溶解)起加速作用.