临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

Photoacoustic treatment mitigates cognitive dysfunction in a model of sleep-wake rhythm disturbance

Sleep-wake rhythm disturbances,which are characterized by abnormal sleep timing or duration,are associated with cognitive dysfunction.Photoacoustic treatments including light and sound stimulation have been found to be effective in modulating sleep patterns and improving cognitive behavior in abnormal sleep-wake pattern experiments.In this study,we examined whether light and sound interventions could reduce sleep-wake pattern disturbances and memory deficits in a sleep rhythm disturbance model.We established a model of sleep rhythm disturbance in C57 BL/6 J mice via a sleep deprivation method involving manual cage tapping,cage jostling,and nest disturbance.We used a Mini Mitter radio transmitter device to monitor motor activity in the mice and fear conditioning tests to assess cognitive function.Our results indicated that an intervention in which the mice were exposed to blue light(40-Hz flickering frequency)for 1 hour during their subjective daytime significantly improved the 24-hour-acrophase shift and reduced the degree of memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation.However,interventions in which the mice were exposed to a 40-Hz blue light at offset time or subjective night time points,as well as 2 Hz-blue light at 3 intervention time points(subjective day time,subjective night time,and offset time points),had no positive effects on circadian rhythm shift or memory deficits.Additionally,a 2000-Hz sound intervention during subjective day time attenuated the24-hour-acrophase shift and memory decline,while 440-Hz and 4000-Hz sounds had no effect on circadian rhythms.Overall,these results demonstrate that photoacoustic treatment effectively corrected abnormal sleep-wake patterns and cognitive dysfunction associated with sleep-deprivation-induced disturbances in sleep-wake rhythm.All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nanjing University,China(approval No.20171102)on November20,2017.     

HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（histone deacetylase 1,HDAC1）和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（cyclin-dependent kinase 1,CDK1）在结肠癌组织中的表达水平及其与患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法:收集2012年2月至2013年6月在本院普外科进行手术切除的51例结肠癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁非肿瘤组织，采用qRT-PCR法检测组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA相对表达量，采用免疫组织化学染色法检测HDAC1和CDK1蛋白阳性表达率，分析肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1表达的相关性及其与患者肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征的关系，采用Kaplan-Meier生存函数分析HDAC1和CDK1不同表达情况与患者5年总生存率的关系。结果:肿瘤组织中HDAC1和CDK1 mRNA表达水平和蛋白阳性表达率均高于癌旁非肿瘤组织（P＜0.05）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达水平与CDK1表达水平呈显著正相关（P=0.012）；肿瘤组织中HDAC1表达与患者肿瘤直径和组织分化程度有关（P＜0.05），CDK1与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）；HDAC1、CDK1阳性表达患者5年总生存率均低于其相应阴性表达患者（P＜0.05），HDAC1和CDK1共阳性表达患者5年总生存率低于HDAC1和（或）CDK1阴性患者（P＜0.05）。结论:HDAC1和CDK1在结肠癌组织中高表达，与患者不良预后有关且两者呈正相关，推测两者在促进结肠癌进展中可能存在协同作用。