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Recent Ⅳ-drug users with chronic hepatitis C can be efficiently treated with daily high dose induction therapy using consensus interferon:An open-label pilot study

INTRODUCTION Under physiological conditions, interferon-α (IFN-α) is a key cytokine produced by virtually all cells in the mammalian organism in response to a variety of bacterial and viral stimuli. In response to viral infection, IFN-α produced by the infected target cells induces a number of cellular genes involved in inhibition of viral replication. In addition, IFN-α is secreted by stimulated NK-cells and T-cells and exerts a multitude of immune stimulatory effects of innate a…     

Die bronchopulmonale Dysplasie Frühgeborener

In very preterm neonates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) complicates the course of respiratory distress syndrome, i.e., primary surfactant deficiency in a structural immature lung. In Germany, about 11 000 preterms having a gestational age below 32 weeks are born and treated in neonatal intensive care units per year. Within this high risk group, the rate of BPD is about 15%. Relevant prenatal risk factors include intrauterine inflammatory fetal reaction as a consequence of ascending maternal infections, intrauterine growth retardation apart from the main risk factor immaturity. Postnatal risk factors include genetic predisposition, mechanical ventilation, infections and hemodynamically relevant patent ductus arteriosus.Preventive measures include intratracheal surfactant administration; new studies indicate preventive effects of caffeine, vitamin A and hydrocortisone in a subgroup of neonates with prenatal fetal inflammatory response.Due to long-term detrimental effects of BPD on lung function and psychomotor development, further experimental and clinical studies are mandatory in order to continue to reduce the BPD rate.     

Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: attitudes, barriers, and practices among pediatric clinicians.

OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening children at risk for type 2 diabetes with a fasting plasma glucose test or an oral glucose tolerance test. The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes, barriers, and practices related to type 2 diabetes screening in children among pediatric clinicians. METHODS: Pediatricians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants from a multispecialty, group practice in Eastern Massachusetts completed a mailed survey. To assess screening practice, three vignettes were presented representing pediatric patients with low, moderately high, and high risk for type 2 diabetes. The moderately high-risk and high-risk patients met ADA criteria for screening. ADA-consistent practice was defined as only screening the moderately high-risk and high-risk patients; lower-threshold practice was defined as also screening the low-risk patient; and higher threshold practice was screening only the high-risk patient. RESULTS: Sixty-two of 90 clinicians responded (69%). Based on intent to screen in the 3 vignettes, 21% of respondents reported ADA-consistent screening practice, 39% lower-threshold, and 35% higher-threshold screening practice. Five percent had incomplete or nonclassifiable responses. Many clinicians ordered screening tests other than those recommended by the ADA; few (< or =8% in any vignette) ordered only an ADA-recommended test. Preferences for nonfasting tests were influenced by nonmedical factors such as access to or cost of transportation. Inadequate patient education materials and unclear recommendations for appropriate screening methods were the most frequently reported moderate/strong barriers to screening. CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents reported type 2 diabetes screening practices that differed from current ADA recommendations. Our findings suggest that type 2 diabetes screening tests must be practical for clinicians and patients if they are to be used in pediatric practice. Further study of the benefits and cost-effectiveness of type 2 diabetes screening in children is warranted to clarify the role and optimal methods for screening in pediatric primary care.     

Ungewöhnliche Strahlenreaktion nach Röntgenweichstrahltherapie bei einer Patientin mit Pemphigus vulgaris

Zusammenfassung Bei einer 71j?hrigen Frau trat nach R?ntgenweichstrahltherapie an der Nase (Gesamtdosis 28 Gy, Gewebehalbwerttiefe 10,5–11,5 mm) eine ausgepr?gte Strahlenerosion auf. Diese zeigte 5 Wochen nach Ende der Bestrahlung noch keine Tendenz zur Abheilung. Ursache dieses ungew?hnlichen Verlaufes war ein gleichzeitig bestehender Pemphigus vulgaris. Dieser hatte sich nach der Strahlentherapie, vermutlich als Folge einer Freisetzung epidermaler Antigene, verschlimmert. Da? der Pemphigus in diesem Fall durch die Bestrahlung ausgel?st wurde – wie mehrfach in der Literatur berichtet – ist unwahrscheinlich, aber nicht sicher auszuschlie?en. Eingegangen am 11. April 1994 Angenommen am 10. Juni 1994     

Urogenitale Infektionen beim Mann – können sie die Fertilität beeinflussen?

Urogenital infections are established as hazards to male fertility. Various pathophysiological hypotheses have evolved from experimental and clinical studies, facilitating explanation of the effects of bacteria and immunological events on reproductive tissues. Numerous current studies have identified and evaluated infectious mediators accounting for specific molecular events in urogenital infections. Valuable studies can be expected to appear in the future due to improvements in diagnostic procedures and new classifications of urogenital infections.     

Recombinant human stem cell factor stimulates growth of a human glioblastoma cell line expressing c-kit protooncogene.

The growth of a panel of eight different human glioblastoma cell lines was examined in a human tumor cloning assay in agar, a tritiated thymidine uptake assay, and by counting cell numbers, in cultures performed in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations (1 to 100 ng/ml) of recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF). Growth of 7 of 8 cell lines was not significantly and reproducibly affected by recombinant human SCF. However, growth of the CRL 1620 cell line could be stimulated up to 5-fold by the cytokine. In contrast to the other cell lines investigated, CRL 1620 expressed the c-kit protooncogene assessed on the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, SCF-induced proliferation of CRL 1620 cells was sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erbstatin. Our data suggest that SCF can be operative in growth modulation of malignant cells outside the hematopoietic system, and this finding should be further studied for its possible clinical implications.