漏斗胸Nuss矫形术对胸廓的影响及相关因素分析

目的通过CT影像测量了解漏斗胸Nuss矫形术前后胸廓径线的改变情况,探讨并分析Nuss矫形术对胸廓的影响及相关因素。方法对2014年1月至2018年12月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的50例行漏斗胸Nuss矫形术患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。50例患儿中男43例,女7例。所有患儿中存在脊柱侧弯6例,胸廓不对称12例,胸骨旋转11例。通过CT影像测量其放置矫形器前及取出矫形器后胸廓各椎体平面最大横内径及该平面胸脊间的距离,通过配对样本t检验比较矫形前后各径线的改变情况,以及通过独立样本t检验分析在不同年龄、性别、矫形时间、漏斗胸对称与否、是否合并脊柱侧弯等情况间的差异性。结果50例患儿均顺利完成矫形器置入术及矫形器拔除术,无明显术中及术后并发症,Nuss矫形后较矫形前相比,胸廓前后径在第8~12胸椎水平均较前增加,第3~5胸椎平面较前减小,胸廓横径在第8~10胸椎平面较前减小;年龄≤10岁、矫形时长≥2年及女性患儿胸廓前后径改变量在多个胸椎平面分别较年龄>10岁、矫形时长<2年及男性患儿大,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论漏斗胸Nuss矫形后前胸壁凹陷较前明显改善,并且在不同年龄和不同矫形时长间存在差异性,年龄较小及适当增加矫形时间可获得较好的矫形效果,而胸廓横径生长在一定程度上受限。     

妊娠合并右心感染性心内膜炎的临床特征及母婴结局的文献分析

目的探讨妊娠合并右心感染性心内膜炎的临床特征、处理策略和母婴结局,为疾病的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法在中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、OVID、EMbase、ScienceDirect数据库检索相关文献,提取临床资料,分析妊娠合并右心感染性心内膜炎的临床表现、危险因素、赘生物位置、血培养结果、治疗策略和母婴结局等。结果纳入15篇文献,共18例患者。患者年龄为(27.7±4.8)岁,发病孕周为(27.8±6.9)周。发热(14例)、咳嗽(12例)、贫血(8例)、气短或呼吸困难(8例)是最常见的症状。心脏听诊时7例可闻及杂音,其中6例为收缩期杂音,1例未明确杂音类型,5例明确心脏听诊无杂音。9例合并肺栓塞和5例合并心力衰竭。危险因素主要为先天性心脏病(10/18)和静脉药瘾史(6/18)。赘生物附着位置以三尖瓣居多(10/18),其次为肺动脉瓣(4/18)。血培养阳性率高(15/16),主要包括葡萄球菌(9/15)及链球菌(3/15)。处理策略上,多以剖宫产适时终止妊娠,针对心内膜炎方面,在应用足量足疗程抗生素的基础上,11例患者行心脏手术,术式主要包括赘生物清除术、瓣膜修复或置换术以及先天性心脏病的手术等,根据患者的孕周、病情和心肺功能等具体情况决定手术在终止妊娠之前、之后或同期进行。18例患者全部存活,新生儿1例死亡(妊娠28周时行剖宫产分娩,因重度窒息死亡)。产妇随访情况基本良好。结论妊娠合并右心感染性心内膜炎临床少见且病情复杂,需及早诊断并实施个体化治疗方案。给予足量足疗程抗生素、选择合适的手术方案以及终止妊娠的时机,对于母婴结局具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis After Short Segment Decompression and Fusion

The objective of this study was to investigate short segment decompression of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and the efficiency of fusion treatment.After DLS surgery, the patients were retrospectively reviewed using the VAS (visual analog scale) and ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) to assess clinical outcomes. All patients underwent posterior lumbar decompressive laminectomy, pedicle screw internal fixation, and posterolateral bone graft fusion surgery. Radiographic measurements included the scoliotic Cobb angle, the fused Cobb angle, the anterior intervertebral angle (AIA), the sagittal intervertebral angle (SIA), and lumbar lordosis angle. The relationships between these parameters were examined by bivariate Pearson analysis and linear regression analysis.Preoperatively, the Cobb angle at the scoliotic segment was 15.4°, which decreased to 10.2° immediately following surgery (P < 0.05). The AIA significantly increased by the last follow-up (4.4 ± 3.4) compared with pre- and postoperative values (2.5 ± 2.8 and 2.2 ± 2.4, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the scoliotic Cobb angle and the AIA did not correlate with the VAS or ODI scores. At the final follow-up, no patients had pseudoarthrosis or internal instrumentation-related complications.Short fusion surgical treatment results in limited DLS correction, with correction loss over time. The AIA between the upper adjacent segment and proximal fused vertebra continues to increase postoperatively, which does not exacerbate clinical symptoms, as reflected by the low reoperation rates for repairing degeneration at adjacent levels.     

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) key genes analysis in rat anti-CD28-induced immune tolerance kidney transplantation

BackgroundIn the field of transplantation, inducing immune tolerance in recipients is of great importance. Blocking co-stimulatory molecule using anti-CD28 antibody could induce tolerance in a rat kidney transplantation model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) reveals strong immune suppressive abilities in kidney transplantation. Here we analyzed key genes of MDSCs leading to transplant tolerance in this model.MethodsMicroarray data of rat gene expression profiles under accession number {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE28545","term_id":"28545"}}GSE28545 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Running the LIMMA package in R language, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs was conducted in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to explore gene ontology (GO) annotation and their Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were provided by STRING database and was visualized in Cytoscape. Hub genes were carried out by CytoHubba.ResultsThree hundred and thirty-eight DEGs were exported, including 27 upregulated and 311 downregulated genes. The functions and KEGG pathways of the DEGs were assessed and the PPI network was constructed based on the string interactions of the DEGs. The network was visualized in Cytoscape; the entire PPI network consisted of 192 nodes and 469 edges. Zap70, Cdc42, Stat1, Stat4, Ccl5 and Cxcr3 were among the hub genes.ConclusionsThese key genes, corresponding proteins and their functions may provide valuable background for both basic and clinical research and could be the direction of future studies in immune tolerance, especially those examining immunocyte-induced tolerance.     

维生素B12和叶酸干预对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的观察叶酸和维生素B12对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。方法 80例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女参加研究。所有参与者随机接受叶酸和维生素B12(n=40)或安慰剂(n=40)治疗。在干预前的基线及干预后3个月和6个月,测量两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物的水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者同型半胱氨酸均下降,但比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月后各组间血清维生素B12、骨钙素、CTX的变化均有显著改变且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症妇女补充叶酸和维生素B12可以一定程度改善同型半胱氨酸及骨代谢指标水平。     

微滴式数字PCR和实时荧光定量PCR对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者不同时间血便尿中核酸检测结果初步探讨

目的 分析微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR, ddPCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)的核酸检测结果,比较两种方法检测各类样本的差异性,为改进新型冠状病毒核酸检测方案提供数据支持。 方法 利用ddPCR和qPCR技术对已经确诊的3例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者发病不同时间的全血、尿液、粪便共22份标本进行新型冠状病毒核酸检测。 结果 两种方法对人保守区域基因扩增结果一致:全血标本信号最强,尿液次之,粪便最少;ddPCR在1份全血,1份尿液,5份粪便中检出ORF-1ab和N基因的阳性微滴,qPCR仅在3份粪便中检出上述基因,漏检的3个标本基因拷贝数平均浓度为128 copies/ml;ddPCR在发病<5、5~15、>15 d的各类标本中都有检出,qPCR检出以中晚期为主;重症病例用ddPCR均可测到阳性微滴,qPCR检测的各类标本均为阴性;轻症病例的各类标本中qPCR只有粪便核酸检测阳性,ddPCR检出率高于qPCR。 结论 ddPCR可以有效克服qPCR 灵敏度不足的难题,是对qPCR 的有益补充,尤其是针对病毒载量比较低的血液、尿液和可疑的粪便或肛拭子标本,适用于早期感染的判断及患者治愈后出院诊断。