Cardio-metabolic risk in 5-year-old children prenatally exposed to maternal psychosocial stress: the ABCD study

Background  

Recent evidence, both animal and human, suggests that modifiable factors during fetal and infant development predispose for cardiovascular disease in adult life and that they may become possible future targets for prevention. One of these factors is maternal psychosocial stress, but so far, few prospective studies have been able to investigate the longer-term effects of stress in detail, i.e. effects in childhood. Therefore, our general aim is to study whether prenatal maternal psychosocial stress is associated with an adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile in the child at age five.     

In vivo quantitation using SPECT of radiopharmaceutical uptake by human meningiomas

A single photon emission computed tomographic method was designed for the measurement of radiopharmaceutical uptake in brain tumors. Results of phantom studies showed a correlation coefficient of .99 when measured volume was compared with actual volume. The correlation coefficient for measured radioactivity concentration compared with the actual concentration was .97. In 13 meningiomas the correlation between in vivo SPECT measurements of uptake and in vitro measurements in samples of the same tumors removed surgically was .84; when two tumors that contained regions of necrosis and fibrosis were excluded it was .93. This method can be used for in vivo quantitative assessment of pharmacokinetics of labeled drug uptake in human brain tumors.     

Enzyme replacement therapy in adult‐onset glycogenosis II: Is quantitative muscle MRI helpful?

Although it has been shown that muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves the phenotypic characterization of patients with neuromuscular disorders and allows accurate quantification of muscle and adipose tissue distribution, to date quantitative MRI has not been used to assess the therapeutic response in clinical trials of neuromuscular diseases. We discuss quantitative MRI findings after a 6‐month course of enzyme replacement therapy administered to nine patients with adult‐onset glycogenosis II. Muscle Nerve 40: 122–125, 2009     

Canthaxanthin induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines

To investigate the possibility that canthaxanthin inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, human WiDr colon adenocarcinoma and SK- MEL-2 melanoma cells were treated with two different doses of the carotenoid for 48 h. Canthaxanthin was incorporated and/or associated to cells. The treatment with the carotenoid caused growth inhibition in both cell types. Concomitantly, apoptosis was induced. Increasing time of exposure and carotenoid concentration, this effect was more pronounced. At 48 h, the percentages of apoptotic cells were 13 and 15, using 1 microM canthaxanthin, and 18 and 20, using 10 microM canthaxanthin in WiDr and SK-MEL-2 cells, respectively. This study represents the first demonstration that canthaxanthin is able to induce apoptosis in tumour cells.