An interpersonal stage model of the therapeutic process.

A 3-stage interpersonal model of the successful therapeutic process (high complementarity, low complementarity, high complementarity) has been proposed and supported in the literature. However, recent work on the interpersonal circumplex and its definition of complementarity have called into question the validity of this model. A revised conception of the stage model is proposed. This revision takes into account the moderator variables of social norms and roles, differential interpretation of hostile and friendly behaviors, manifest vs latent communication, and individual differences in adjustment. The revised model differentiates the middle conflict stage into 2 substages: the dissatisfaction substage, characterized by high negative (hostile) complementarity, and the unstable substage, characterized by low complementarity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ibogaine attenuates morphine-induced conditioned place preference.

Ibogaine, a putative anticraving drug in humans, reduces the ability of a single injection of morphine to produce a place preference in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The attenuation of morphine's effect is seen even if ibogaine is administered 24 hr before the opiate. However, after the 4th morphine conditioning trial, ibogaine no longer modified morphine reward. Ibogaine alone is neither reinforcing nor aversive, and ibogaine does not affect place aversions produced by naloxone or lithium chloride. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A multidimensional scaling analysis of supervisory dimensions and their perceived relevance across trainee experience levels.

The Level of Supervision Scale (LSS; R. D. Miars et al, 1983) was administered to 69 supervisors with experience supervising 1st-semester practicum and intern-level trainees. The structure of their responses to 28 LSS items assessing perceptions of supervision as they varied across these 2 trainee experience levels was examined using 3-way multidimensional scaling. A 4-dimensional solution was yielded, which accounted for 63% of the variance. The 4-dimensions are (1) enhancing dynamic understanding, (2) didactic instruction, (3) counseling vs supportive supervisory functions, and (4) authoritative vs collaborative style. The study demonstrated clear differences in the salience of the dimensions across supervisors' perceptions of the 2 trainee experience groups. Supervisors perceived the enhancing dynamic understanding dimension as most important in their supervision of interns, whereas didactic instruction was most salient in perceptions of supervising beginning trainees. No differences were found across experience level for the other 2 dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The generic enhancement of photochromic dye switching speeds in a rigid polymer matrix

The switching or isomerization speed of photochromic dyes in a rigid polymeric matrix (such as an ophthalmic lens) is generally significantly slower than that observed in the mobile environment of a solution. Here we describe that the attachment of flexible oligomers having a low glass-transition temperature-such as poly(dimethylsiloxane)-to photochromic dyes greatly increases their switching speeds in a rigid polymer matrix. The greatest impact was observed in the thermal fade parameters T(1/2) and T(3/4)-the times it takes for the optical density to reduce by half and three quarters of the initial optical density of the coloured state-which were reduced by 40-95% and 60-99% respectively for spirooxazines, chromenes and an azo dye in a host polymer with a glass-transition temperature of 120 degrees C. The method does not alter the electronic nature of the dyes but simply protects them from the host matrix and provides greater molecular mobility for the switching process. In addition to ophthalmic lenses, the generic nature of the method may find further utility in data recording or optical switching.     

Measurement and manipulation of aroma delivery allows control of perceived fruit flavour in low- and regular-fat milks

To investigate the relationship between aroma delivery and perception, low‐fat (LF) (0.1 g per 100 mL) and regular‐fat (RF) (3.6 g per 100 mL) milk samples were prepared with the same amount of ethyl hexanoate. Sensory analysis was carried out using around ninety panellists (four replicates each) and simultaneous in vivo aroma delivery was measured for every sample. Panellists rated the fruity flavour intensity higher in LF samples using a paired comparison method (P < 0.0001, one‐tailed test). In vivo delivery was expressed as the ratio between the maximum breath concentrations (I_max), measured in the LF and RF samples (i.e. I_max LF milk/I_max RF milk), to remove person‐to‐person variation. The sensory results were in accordance with differences in aroma delivery, with LF samples delivering nearly twice as much ethyl hexanoate as RF samples. Aroma content in LF samples was adjusted so that aroma delivery in vivo was the same for both LF and RF samples. In this case, panellists could not differentiate the samples, showing a good correlation between aroma delivery and perception.     

Variation in supervision process across trainee experience levels.

Explored whether (a) practicing supervisors perceived themselves as varying their supervision process across 4 trainee experience levels and (b) whether several supervisor demographic variables were related to the degree to which some supervisors might vary the supervision process more than others. Four experience levels were identified: 1st practicum, 2nd practicum, advanced practicum, and predoctoral intern. 37 experienced supervisors rated the degree to which the supervision they gave varied across trainee levels. Results show that Ss significantly varied supervision between 2nd-practicum and advanced-practicum supervisees, but they did not vary the other levels. Also, psychodynamically oriented Ss in contrast to humanistic and other orientations (e.g., cognitive-behavioral) were most likely to make this discrimination across trainee levels. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sintered High-Temperature Alloys

This paper outlines some of the properties of alloys produced from atomized powders of nickel-chromium-cobalt and nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum and describes certain aspects of further development work on sintered high-temperature alloys.