Existence of two kinds of representations of the helmholtz-kohlrausch effect. II. the models

A formulation for predicting the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch (H-K) effect is given to the new VCC (variable chromatic color) method, which can derive the luminance factors of various chromatic object colors that match in perceived lightness with a fixed achromatic color. By using the formulation, the H-K effect by the VCC method is predicted within the whole chromaticity gamut including spectral colors. the magnitude of the effect in logarithmic scale by the VCC method is estimated to be twice as large as that by the VAC (variable achromatic color) method previously used. It is also stated that the VCC method is practically more important than the VAC method. the effectiveness of the new formulation is confirmed by comparing its predictions with the observations in two kinds of experiments. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.     

Quantitation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat heart by latroscan TLC/FID

1,2-Diacylglycerol, which has been recognized as one of the intracellular second messengers, was measured quantitatively in the lipid extract from rat hearts using the thin layer chromatography and flame ionization detection (TLC/FID) method. Cholesterol acetate was added to the tissue as an internal standard, and the crude lipids from the tissue were purified with silicic acid column to eliminate phospholipids. Development of Chromarods was carried out using two solvent systems and a three-step development technique. The relationship of the peak area ratio detected by flame ionization detector to weight ratio was linear compared with cholesteryl acetate. The 1,2-diacylglycerol content in the rat heart in the unstimulated condition was 72.5±15.3 ng/mg wet wt (mean±SD).     

Longitudinal study on association between care conditions and mortality among frail elderly living at home

In order to elucidate the association between care conditions and mortality rate, a two year longitudinal study was performed on 115 frail elderly living at home. The main results were as follows; 1. Of the 115 frail elderly, 45 persons (39.1%) died during the two years. 2. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were correlated to their death: age, activities of daily living (ADL), type of bedding. 3. Although ADL level was lower in the bed group than the Japanese style bed (futon) group at the first survey, survival rate was 69.8% in bed group and 47.5% in futon group. The relative risk of death with beds was 0.61 (95% confidence intervals 0.38-0.96) and was statistically significant.     

Left heart bypass using the oscillated blood flow with totally implantable vibrating flow pump

Palliative care was initiated in Italy towards the end of the 1970s, mainly through the efforts of Professor Ventafridda and his colleagues. This article describes some of the most important steps made in this country to gain widespread acceptance for the principles and practice of palliative care. After about 15 years the Italian situation is still confusing. While some Regions have made progress, others are far from reaching even minimal goals. The efforts of many charities and of the Italian Society for Palliative Care and the Italian School for Palliative Medicine, have been huge, but still not sufficient to promote widespread involvement of the National Health Authorities. In the absence of clear Regional and central laws, the recent changes in the Italian health system combined with increasing financial difficulties threaten the advances already made.     

Serum paraoxonase activity and its relationship to diabetic complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

We investigated pressures at 1 cm intervals along the carpal tunnel in 39 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 12 controls. Pressures were measured for relaxed and gripping hand positions in combination with neutral, extended, and flexed wrist positions. Patient pressures exceeded control pressures, were below the previously reported 30 mmHg threshold for four of five locations in the relaxed neutral position and were typically greater in extension than in flexion. In the neutral position, both patient and control pressures were slightly above threshold levels just distal to the tunnel. Maximum intratunnel pressures were generally found in the central part of the tunnel and minimum pressures in the distal tunnel. Gripping hand pressures in the tunnel were lowest with the wrist flexed. In both controls and CTS patients, only in the neutral wrist and relaxed hand positions were pressures highest at the point where nerve conduction studies have indicated the nerve is most likely to be compromised (in the midpalm just distal to the distal margin of the carpal tunnel).     

Direct torsion control of flexible shaft in an observer-baseddiscrete-time sliding mode

This paper presents a new speed control method for a two-mass system coupled by a flexible shaft. Two control loops are proposed; the outer angular speed control loop calculates the reference signal for the inner loop, where the torsion of the shaft is handled as a variable under control. In this paper, the observer-based discrete-time sliding-mode (ODSM) control implementation and experimental verification of direct torsion control is presented. The experimental system consists of a conventional DC servo gear motor with encoder feedback and inertia load coupled by a flexible shaft. The controller was implemented using a transputer as the computation engine     

Multichip optical hybrid integration technique with planarlightwave circuit platform

A two-step bonding technique for optical device assembly on a planar lightwave circuit platform was developed, which consists of a chip-by-chip thermo-compression prebonding step and a simultaneous reflow bonding step. The technique was used to realize multichip optical integration on the platform. The characteristics of the bonding technique were examined by investigating its strength and accuracy. The bonding accuracies in the horizontal and vertical directions were 1.1 and 0.8 μm, respectively, with high bonding strength. The technique was first applied to a 3 chip integrated transceiver module and the 136 fabricated modules exhibited good performance. The average coupling loss between the laser diodes and the waveguide was estimated to be 4.1 dB and stable characteristics were observed during 1200 cycle thermal shock tests between -40 and 85°C. Next, the two-step bonding technique was used for a 4 channel laser diode module on which 8 optical device chips were integrated and a low coupling loss was achieved of better than 4.2 dB which is as good as that of the 3 chip integrated optical modules     

Experimental research on cutting force variation during regenerative chatter vibration in a plain milling operation

A plain milling operation is characterized by a transient and intermittent cutting process, in which undeformed chip thickness varies continuously. The reverse is the case in variations of undeformed chip thickness in the processes of up- and down-milling. In the present study, the property of regenerative chatter vibration in a plain milling operation is investigated from the viewpoint of cutting force variation. With primary chatter vibration, the vibration energy supply is closely related to the collision of the cutting tool flank against the workpiece surface during vibration, which is induced by the bending vibration or the torsional vibration of the arbor. In addition to this factor, the regenerative effect is considered to be one of the main causes of the chatter excitation in regenerative chatter vibration. The simulation result of the cutting force variation during regenerative chatter vibration agrees well with the experimental result, when considering these factors. It is shown that the regenerative chatter vibration in the-down-milling process occurs more easily than in the up-milling process.