The influence of the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery pulsatility index in the pregnant ewe

We investigated the influence of the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery pulsatility index in pregnant ewes. We used an external pacemaker to alter the heart rate of 5 pregnant ewes at 16-17 weeks of pregnancy and examined the effect of changes in the maternal heart rate on the uterine artery flow velocity waveforms and the pulsatility index, as determined by Doppler velocimetry. The uterine artery pulsatility index showed a significant negative correlation with the maternal heart rate. There were no significant changes in other hemodynamic parameters. The maternal heart rate had a significant influence on the uterine artery pulsatility index.     

Neclle: Network-based communicative language-learning environment focusing on communicative gaps

This paper focuses on the problem of language transfer in foreign language learning. The transfer often leads to a communicative gap, which is caused by the difference between a learner's mother language (ML) and the target language (TL). This paper first analyzes the semantic relations between the ML and the TL. Then it proposes a CGM (Communicative Gap Model) because of the meaning difference between both languages. We have developed a computer assisted language-learning system called Neclle (Network-based Communicative Language-Learning Environment) in order to support foreign language learning through communication using a text based chat tool. Neclle has a software agent called Ankle (Agent for Kanji Learning), which observes the conversation between a learner and a native speaker, looks up a communicative gap in the learner's utterance automatically according to CGM, the student model and the word dictionary of both languages, intervenes into the conversation, and gives an instruction for bridging the gap. Then, the learner can not only be aware of the gap but also acquire its cultural background from the native speaker. In our case study, Chinese students used Neclle for Japanese language learning. Japanese language had incorporated with Chinese kanji but the meaning of a kanji sometimes differed between two languages. Therefore, the Chinese learners who want to study Japanese language have to pay much attention to the meaning gap between Chinese and Japanese language. In the evaluation of Neclle, nine Chinese students talked with Japanese students about three topics with Neclle for 1 h 30 min. The results of the experiment showed that it was very useful for Japanese language learning.     

Development of “Advanced TFT‐LCD” with good legibility under any ambient light intensity

A new LCD referred to as an “Advanced TFT‐LCD” has been developed. It consists of both transmissive and reflective electrodes in every pixel. Its subjective legibility and characteristics, such as contrast ratio, color gamut, and luminance, have been investigated at several ambient illumination intensities. As a result, it was confirmed that Advanced TFT‐LCDs offer better legibility than transmissive LCDs under any ambient illumination intensity.     

Optical method of measuring angular displacement using four photodiode arrays

A method of measuring angular displacement is investigated that uses two pairs of photodiode arrays arranged in a square and crossed linear images produced with two cylindrical mirrors. According to this method the measurement error can be greatly reduced even when inclination of the rotation axis exists.     

Fate of nonylphenol and 17beta-estradiol contained in composted sewage sludge after land application.

Many environmental problems caused by endocrine disrupters (EDs) have been reported. Because little is known about the fate of EDs accumulated in sewage sludge, we carried out a study to clarify the fate of EDs in composted sludge after its application to soil. Nonylphenol (NP) and 17beta-estradiol (E2) were measured for leachate and soil. High concentrations of NP and E2 were detected in the leachate at the early stage, but they decreased rapidly. Also, the high contents of NP and E2 in soil decreased significantly within 300 days. Because the decrease of NP and E2 in the soil was much larger than that of NP and E2 in the leachate, there must have been a physicochemical or biological decomposition mechanism in the soil layer. We also tried to clarify the transfer of NPs to plants from compost. In the experimental conditions of this study, the transfer of NPs to plants from compost was not observed.     

A parallel evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet

Nowadays genetic algorithms stand as a trend to solve NP-complete and NP-hard problems. In this paper, we present a new hybrid metaheuristic which uses parallel genetic algorithms and scatter search coupled with a decomposition-into-petals procedure for solving a class of vehicle routing and scheduling problems. The parallel genetic algorithm presented is based on the island model and its performance is evaluated for a heterogeneous fleet problem, which is considered a problem much harder to solve than the homogeneous vehicle routing problem.     

Fluctuating Surfaces of Growing 4He Crystals in Aerogel

Crystal-superfluid interface of ⁴He in aerogel was shown to advance smoothly in a high temperature creep growth region above 0.6 K. In this report, we focused on the shape of the growing interface in the region and attempted to analyze the roughness of interfaces. The growth of rough interfaces is very common in nature and is known to often follow a scaling law; roughness usually increases with time and saturates in the later stage. We measured the roughness w(t) defined as the standard deviation of the interface height as a function of time t. It was found that w(t) in 98 % porosity aerogel initially increased with t and decreased after a particular time in the later stage. The abrupt reduction of roughness in the end of crystallization is unusual if it is intrinsic in the crystallization in aerogel.     

Effects of buttermilk powders on emulsification properties and acid tolerance of cream

Emulsifying properties and acid tolerance are 2 of the most important characteristics of cream. The effects of the buttermilk component, especially its phospholipids, on the emulsifying properties and acid tolerance of cream were investigated in this study. Two buttermilks with differing phospholipid contents and skimmed milk were used to evaluate the effects of phospholipids on the aforementioned parameters. The mean diameter of fat globules and the cream viscosity were used as indicators of emulsifying properties. Acid tolerance was evaluated by studying the effect of citric acid on the maximum viscosity of cream. This was tested by adding 400 μL of 10% (w/w) citric acid solution to cream every minute and simultaneously measuring pH and viscosity. In 45% and 40% fat cream systems, buttermilk, and especially that with higher phospholipid content, improved the emulsifying properties and acid tolerance of the cream. The components of buttermilk could alter the properties of the surface of fat globules, thereby altering the emulsification properties of the cream. However, neither of the tested buttermilks affected the emulsifying properties and acid tolerance of lower-fat (35% and 30%) cream systems. Emulsifying components exist in proportionately larger amounts in lower-fat creams, which could render the emulsifying properties resistant to change. The number of fat globules may also influence acid-induced changes in viscosity. The addition of phospholipids or lysophospholipids did not improve the acid tolerance of creams, a finding that may be attributable to the formation of complexes of phospholipids and protein. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings presented herein demonstrate the ability to improve the acid tolerance of cream using materials derived from milk. Implementing these findings appropriately may result in a high-quality cooking cream.     

Fabrication of TiO2 hollow fibers with surface nanostructure

Polyvinyl alcohol-TiO₂ (PVA-TiO₂) core sheath nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning an aqueous solution of PVA and introducing the thread-like droplets directly into a titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP)/hexane solution. Rod-like and sheet-like structures of lepidocrocite-type layered titanate formed on the surface of the TiO₂ sheath of the nanofibers by alkaline treatment in 1 mol L⁻¹ aqueous NaOH solution at 363 K. The nanofibers were converted to hollow TiO₂ nanofibers with surface nanostructure and anatase crystallinity by acid treatment to remove sodium ions and heat treatment at 773 K. The surface nanostructures enhanced the crystallinity and external surface area of the nanofiber and contributed to the improvement of photocatalytic oxidation activity.