Exercise as a buffer of life stress: A prospective study of adolescent health.

Investigated stress and well-being in adolescence to examine the ability of exercise to buffer stress-induced deteriorations in physical health. 384 female 7th–8th graders completed a life events survey, the Seriousness of Illness Rating Scale, and an activity questionnaire at the beginning and end of the academic year. Analyses revealed that the negative impact of stressful life events on health declined as exercise levels increased. Findings suggest that exercise may be a valuable resource for combating life stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Investigating onset, cessation, relapse, and recovery: Why you should, and how you can, use discrete-time survival analysis to examine event occurrence.

Illustrates how discrete-time survival analysis can address questions about onset, cessation, relapse, and recovery. Using data on the onset of suicide ideation and depression and relapse into cocaine use, the authors introduce key concepts underpinning the method, describe the action of the discrete-time hazard model, and discuss several types of main effects and interactions that can be included as predictors. Practical issues of data analysis and strategies for interpretation and presentation are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relations of conceptions of gender-role transgressions and gender constancy to gender-typed toy preferences.

Examined the relations among preschoolers' gender-typed toy choice, their judgments regarding cross-gender behavior, and gender constancy. Gender-typed toy choice of 87 preschool children was assessed with a measure in which children could base their choices not only on gender but also on attractiveness. Children's judgments regarding cross-gender behavior were measured, and their level of cognitive constancy was assessed. Results indicated that children's level of reasoning, but not their gender constancy level, was related to gender-typed toy preferences. Children with more flexible norms, who could distinguish between moral and social norms, exhibited less gender-typed toy choices than children with rigid norms. Results are discussed in terms of the relation between cognitive aspects of gender typing and gender-typed toy preference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A multiparameter wearable physiologic monitoring system for space and terrestrial applications.

A novel, unobtrusive and wearable, multiparameter ambulatory physiologic monitoring system for space and terrestrial applications, termed LifeGuard, is presented. The core element is a wearable monitor, the crew physiologic observation device (CPOD), that provides the capability to continuously record two standard electrocardiogram leads, respiration rate via impedance plethysmography, heart rate, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, ambient or body temperature, three axes of acceleration, and blood pressure. These parameters can be digitally recorded with high fidelity over a 9-h period with precise time stamps and user-defined event markers. Data can be continuously streamed to a base station using a built-in Bluetooth RF link or stored in 32 MB of on-board flash memory and downloaded to a personal computer using a serial port. The device is powered by two AAA batteries. The design, laboratory, and field testing of the wearable monitors are described.     

Resilience to Loss in Bereaved Spouses, Bereaved Parents, and Bereaved Gay Men.

Recent research has indicated that many people faced with highly aversive events suffer only minor, transient disruptions in functioning and retain a capacity for positive affect and experiences. This article reports 2 studies that replicate and extend these findings among bereaved parents, spouses, and caregivers of a chronically ill life partner using a range of self-report and objective measures of adjustment. Resilience was evidenced in half of each bereaved sample when compared with matched, nonbereaved counterparts and 36% of the caregiver sample in a more conservative, repeated-measures ipsative comparison. Resilient individuals were not distinguished by the quality of their relationship with spouse/partner or caregiver burden but were rated more positively and as better adjusted by close friends. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LD泵浦的声光调Q腔内倍频激光器

研制成用ＬＤ泵浦的声光调Ｑ的Ｎｄ：ＹＶＯ４－ＫＴＰ腔内倍频激光器，得到了ＴＥＭ００模、频率高达１００ｋＨｚ的稳定的５３２ｕｍ绿激光脉冲系列输出，阈值泵浦功率为２７ｍＷ；在连续５７０ｍＷ的泵浦功率下，绿激光脉冲的峰值功率达１１００Ｗ，脉宽为４．６ｕｓ；输出功率稳定，在±５℃的工作温度变化下，输出功率变化小于±２％。此种器件可望得到广泛的应用。     

Emotional responding following experimental manipulation of facial electromyographic activity.

Thirty female subjects were instructed to imagine three positive affective scenes and three negative affective scenes. During the initial imagination of each scene, the subject was told simply to imagine the situation. The subject then imagined the situation again and was instructed to enhance the muscle tension in one of two muscle groups (the zygomatic muscles for positive scenes and the corrugator muscle for negative scenes). The subject then imagined the scene a third time and was instructed to suppress the muscle tension in the same muscle group. Feedback was available during practice trials and during the enhancement and suppression trials of the experiment. Continuous monitoring of both zygomatic and corrugator electromyogram (EMG) during the study indicated that subjects were successful in altering muscle tension in accord with the experimental instructions, and videotapes of subjects' faces indicated no overt changes in facial responding during imagination of the scenes. Subjects' ratings of emotional responding during each scene indicated that subjects experienced less enjoyment and more distress during positive affective trials in which they suppressed zygomatic EMG activity. The results are discussed in terms of the facial feedback hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)