Family socialization and the IQ test performance of traditionally and transracially adopted Black children.

Compared mean IQ test performance and response styles to cognitive demands of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) among 23 Black children (aged 7–10 yrs) who had been adopted by middle-class White families (i.e., transracially adopted) and 23 age-matched Black children who had been adopted by middle-class Black families (i.e., traditionally adopted). Findings indicate that while the traditionally adopted Ss received normal IQ scores, transracially adopted Ss showed nearly 1 standard deviation Full-Scale Scoring advantage over them. A multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated significant differences in the styles of responding to test demands demonstrated by the 2 groups of Ss, which were conceptualized as contributors to the difference in average test score observed between them. Multivariate analysis of the helping behaviors adopted mothers exhibited when helping their children solve a difficult cognitive task revealed significant differences between Black and White mothers, which were conceptualized as culturally determined. White adopted mothers tended to release tension by joking, grinning, and laughing, while Black adoptive mothers more often released tension in less positive ways such as scowling, coughing, and frowning. White adoptive mothers were more likely than Black adoptive mothers to provide positive evaluations of their children's problem solving efforts. It is concluded that the ethnicity of the rearing environment exerts a significant influence on children's styles of responding to standardized intelligence tests and on their test achievement. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The infrared spectra of saturated fatty acids with even number of carbon atoms from caproic,C6 (Hexanoic), to stearic,C18 (Octadecanoic), and of their methyl and ethyl esters

Summary Infrared spectra from 1 to 12 microns have been obtained for 7 of the homologous series of monobasic, straight-chain, saturated fatty acids of even carbon atom content from C₆ to C₁₈ and of their methyl and ethyl esters. Infrared data are presented as plots of the percentage transmission against the wavelength in microns on a linear wavelength scale for each compound, and the exact wavelength positions of maxima of the 11 most prominent bands are tabulated. Correlations of each of these bands with molecular structure are given. Methods for distinguishing the acids from the esters and of differentiating an ethyl ester from a methyl ester by observation of infrared spectra are described. An explanation, supported by earlier work with deuterium-substituted compounds, is given to account for the nonappearance, in the spectra of the fatty acids of any absorption attributable to either the free O—H group or the bonded O—H... O group. Evidence has been accumulated which indicates an association of some sort of the esters and that this association probably involves the carbonyl and the methyl groups. Data are presented to show which of the bands in the infrared spectra do and which do not follow Beer’s law. Presented before the 1950 Fall Meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, San Francisco, California. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Reflective engagement in cultural history: a Lacanian perspective on Pasifika teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand

How do we understand our own cultural histories and how do these understandings impact on our senses of self? This paper addresses the case of Pacific islander migration into New Zealand. It is based on a study fuelled by a group of Pacific island teachers exploring their own experiences of becoming teachers in New Zealand schools. The paper raises some theoretical issues relating to cultural identity as understood in relation to educational practices at the interfaces of cultures. By examining how notions of Pacific cultural identity for individuals are held in place by particular self-images the paper asks how such identities might be seen as reaching out to possible futures. The paper concludes with some tentative thoughts on how an individual might work towards strengthening a historical sense of self and a more productive reflective/reflexive conception of engagement in a situation of cultural minority.     

The (5Z)-5-Pentacosenoic and 5-Pentacosynoic Acids Inhibit the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase

Lipids - The natural fatty acids (5Z)-5-pentacosenoic and (9Z)-9-pentacosenoic acids were synthesized for the first time in eight steps starting from either 4-bromo-1-butanol or 8-bromo-1-butanol...     

Education in sustainable production in US universities

The evolution and current status of sustainable production education (SPE) in the United States is reviewed, both as a discrete entity and as an intersection of multiple disciplines. This paper (a) examines the current array of compatible and conflicting theories that guide the alternative approaches to SPE, (b) reviews the wide array of applications to which such theories and associated methodologies have been applied, and (c) presents a case study of the emerging interdisciplinary approach to SPE at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, and its network of national and international collaborators. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Committee on the Challenges to Modern Society (CCMS). Pilot study on clean products and processes Annual meeting, May 2–6, 2004, Budapest, Hungary

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Impaired visual working memory consolidation in schizophrenia.

This study investigated working memory (WM) consolidation, that is, the time required to create durable WM representations, at different levels of WM load in schizophrenia. Twenty-three schizophrenia spectrum patients and 16 control subjects participated in a change-detection task in which a sample array of 1-3 squares appeared followed by a delay and a test array. An array of pattern masks was inserted into the delay interval--covering the locations of the sample-array squares--100-800 ms after the offset of the sample array. If a durable WM representation is formed prior to mask onset, the mask should not impair performance. The degree of masking at an interval reflects the degree of WM consolidation at that time. Neither group showed masking at set size 1. Unlike controls, patients demonstrated robust masking effects at set size 2. Both groups showed masking at set size 3, but masking effects were larger and longer lasting in patients. These data demonstrate abnormally prolonged WM consolidation in schizophrenia. This impairment may slow the formation of stable representations of the visual environment, impacting everyday visually guided behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Derivatives of ricinelaidic acid. Their infrared spectra and conformation of the ricinelaidic moiety

Summary The infrared spectra and absorptivities in the 10.3 micron region have been determined for a series of compounds in which the functional groups of ricinelaidic acid were varied systematically. The compounds investigated included ricinelaidic acid, 12-ketoelaidic acid, ricinelaidyl alcohol, and their respective methyl esters and acetates. The influence of the internal substitutents on the fundamental absorption pattern of ricinelaidic acid was determined. Observed decreases in molecular absorptivities and shifts in position of maximum absorption are related to the electron-with-drawing character of relevant substituents and to hydrogen bonding in thebeta-hydroxy-ene system. The comormation of this system is discussed. Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, New Orleans, La., April 20–22, 1959. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.