QoS‐based adaptive error control for wireless networks

Wireless channels are highly affected by unpredictable factors such as cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference, propagation path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading. The unreliability of media seriously degrades the transmission quality. Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes are frequently used in wireless environments to reduce the high bit error rate of the channel. In this paper, we propose an adaptive error‐control scheme for wireless networks on the basis of dynamic variation of error‐control strategy as a function of the channel bit error rate, desired QoS, and number of receivers. Reed–Solomon codes are used throughout this study because of their appropriate characteristics in terms of powerful coding and implementation simplicity. Simulation results show that our adaptive error‐control protocol decreases the waste of bandwidth due to retransmissions or extra coding overheads while satisfying the QoS requirements of the receivers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Galerkin symmetric and direct BIE method for Kirchhoff elastic plates: formulation and implementation

A variational Boundary Element formulation is proposed for the solution of the elastic Kirchhoff plate bending problem. The stationarity conditions of an augmented potential energy functional are first discussed. After addressing the topic of the choice of the test functions, a regularization process based on integrations by parts is developed, which allows to express the formulation in terms of double integrals, the inner being at most weakly singular and the outer regular. Standard integration procedures may then be applied for their numerical evaluation in the presence of both straight and curved boundaries. The normal slope and the vertical displacement must be C⁰ and C¹ continuous, respectively. Numerical examples show, through comparisons with analytical solutions, that a high accuracy is achieved. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of blockchain and distributed ledger technology for the management,protection, enforcement and monetization of intellectual property: a systematic literature review

Information Systems and e-Business Management - In an increasingly global, connected, and digital world, the management, protection, enforcement and monetization of intellectual property has never...     

Brain-Targeted HFn-Cu-REGO Nanoplatform for Site-Specific Delivery and Manipulation of Autophagy and Cuproptosis in Glioblastoma

Durable glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) management requires long-term chemotherapy after surgery to eliminate remaining cancerous tissues. Among chemotherapeutics, temozolomide is considered as the first-line drug for GBM therapy, but the treatment outcome is not satisfactory. Notably, regorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, has been reported to exert a markedly superior effect on GBM suppression compared with temozolomide. However, poor site-specific delivery and bioavailability significantly restrict the efficient permeability of regorafenib to brain lesions and compromise its treatment efficacy. Therefore, human H-ferritin (HFn), regorafenib, and Cu²⁺ are rationally designed as a brain-targeted nanoplatform (HFn-Cu-REGO NPs), fulfilling the task of site-specific delivery and manipulating autophagy and cuproptosis against GBM. Herein, HFn affords a preferential accumulation capacity to GBM due to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)-mediated active targeting and pH-responsive delivery behavior. Moreover, regorafenib can inhibit autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in lethal autophagy arrest in GBM cells. Furthermore, Cu²⁺ not only facilitates the encapsulation of regorafenib to HFn through coordination interaction but also disturbs copper homeostasis for triggering cuproptosis, resulting in a synergistical effect with regorafenib-mediated lethal autophagy arrest against GBM. Therefore, this work may broaden the clinical application scope of Cu²⁺ and regorafenib in GBM treatment via modulating autophagy and cuproptosis.     

Challenges and Strategies for Optimizing Corrosion and Biodegradation Stability of Biomedical Micro- and Nanoswimmers: A Review

The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of micro- and nanoswimmers (MNSs). Researchers have invested significant efforts in engineering motile micro- and nanodevices to address current limitations in minimally invasive medicine. MNSs can move through complex fluid media by using chemical fuels or external energy sources such as magnetic fields, ultrasound, or light. Despite significant advancements in their locomotion and functionalities, the gradual deterioration of MNSs in human physiological media is often overlooked. Corrosion and biodegradation caused by chemical reactions with surrounding medium and the activity of biological agents can significantly affect their chemical stability and functional properties during their lifetime performance. It is therefore essential to understand the degradation mechanisms and factors that influence them to design ideal biomedical MNSs that are affordable, highly efficient, and sufficiently resistant to degradation (at least during their service time). This review summarizes recent studies that delve into the physicochemical characteristics and complex environmental factors affecting the corrosion and biodegradation of MNSs, with a focus on metal-based devices. Additionally, different strategies are discussed to enhance and/or optimize their stability. Conversely, controlled degradation of non-toxic MNSs can be highly advantageous for numerous biomedical applications, allowing for less invasive, safer, and more efficient treatments.