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11.
12.
Since dentistry has been identified as being a stressful profession, dentists, with the help of the members of the dental team, must attempt to achieve a relatively stress-free working environment. In addition to recognising potential occupational stressors it is important for dentists to be able to assess their emotional responses to the practice of dentistry and to arrange their daily working lives in such a way as to reduce occupational stress. This paper examines the means by which dentists may assess occupational stress as well as person-centred and/or situation-centred strategies of coping with and controlling occupational stress in general dental practice. 相似文献
13.
Freeman G. Lukaszek W. Pan Y.Y.C. 《Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》1993,6(4):306-317
An approach to computer-aided interpretation of parametric test data for integrated circuit process-problem diagnosis is presented. In contrast to a conventional expert system, which reasons with a knowledge base consisting of rules acquired from human experts, the system presented centers its knowledge around analytic device equations. By using equations as the basis of the system knowledge, a more universal, well-organized, and concise level of knowledge is encoded. With the use of objects to present this knowledge, a great deal of useful information outside that described by only the symbolic expressions can be represented, and extension to qualitative or numeric models should be straightforward. The result is an expressive, well-organized, easily built, and easily maintained knowledge base. The authors describe the system's interactive graphical displays and the automatic data interpretation algorithms. Examples evaluating n-channel metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) parameter variations, interconnect parameter variations, and interconnect yields are used for illustration 相似文献
14.
JG Gribben GJ Freeman VA Boussiotis P Rennert CL Jellis E Greenfield M Barber VA Restivo X Ke GS Gray 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,92(3):811-815
The regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses requires a balance between amplification and generation of effector function and subsequent selective termination by clonal deletion. Although apoptosis of previously activated T cells can be induced by signaling of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, these molecules do not appear to regulate T-cell clonal deletion in an antigen-specific fashion. We demonstrate that cross-linking of the inducible T-cell surface molecule CTLA4 can mediate apoptosis of previously activated human T lymphocytes. This function appears to be antigen-restricted, since a concomitant signal T-cell receptor signal is required. Regulation of this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to delete antigen-specific activated T cells. 相似文献
15.
MR Macdonald JL Freeman MF Hui RK Cheung P Warde NP McIvor J Irish HM Dosch 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,17(6):487-493
The crystal structure of the peptide Boc-Phe-Val-OMe determined by X-ray diffraction methods is reported in this paper. The crystals grown from aqueous methanol are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1),a = 11.843(2), b = 21.493(4), c = 26.676(4) A3 and V = 6790 A3. Data were collected on a CAD4 diffractometer using MoK alpha radiation (lambda = 0.7107 A) up to Bragg angle theta = 26 degrees. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by a least-squares procedure to an R value of 6.8% for 3288 observed reflections. There are three crystal-lographically independent peptide molecules in the asymmetric unit. All the three molecules exhibit extended conformation. The sidechain of the Val2 residue shows two different conformations. The conformation of the peptide Boc-Phe-Val-OMe is compared with the conformation of Ac-delta Phe-Val-OH. It is observed that while Boc-Phe-Val-OMe exhibits an extended conformation, Ac-delta Phe-Val-OH shows a folded conformation. The results of this comparison highlight the conformation constraining property of the delta Phe residue. Interestingly, even though Boc-Phe-Val-OMe and Ac-delta Phe-Val-OH are conformationally different, they exhibit similar packing patterns in the solid state. 相似文献
16.
Strain compensated InGaAs-GaAsP-InGaP laser 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N.K. Dutta W.S. Hobson D. Vakhshoori H. Han P.N. Freeman J.F. de Jong J. Lopata 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1996,8(7):852-854
The performance characteristics of InGaAs-GaAsP-InGaP strain compensated laser emitting near 1 /spl mu/m are reported. The ridge waveguide lasers have room temperature threshold current of 18 mA and differential quantum efficiency of 0.45 W/A/facet. The linewidth enhancement factor is smaller and gain coefficient is larger for these strain compensated lasers compared to that for conventional strained layer laser. This may be due to higher effective compressive strain in the light emitting layer of these devices which reduces the effective mass. The observed larger gain coefficient is consistent with the measured larger relaxation oscillation frequency of these lasers compared to that for a conventional strained layer laser. 相似文献
17.
Effect of potassic and phosphatic fertilizer type, fertilizer Cd concentration and zinc rate on cadmium uptake by potatoes 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
M. J. McLaughlin N. A. Maier K. Freeman K. G. Tiller C. M. J. Williams M. K. Smart 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1995,40(1):63-70
In some areas of southern Australia, cadmium (Cd) concentrations in excess of the Australian maximum permitted concentration (0.05 mg kg–1 fresh weight) have been found in tubers of commercially grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops. Field experiments were therefore conducted in various regions of Australia to determine if Cd uptake by potatoes could be minimised by changes in either phosphorus (P), potassium (K) or zinc (Zn) fertilizer management.Changing the chemical form in which either P fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, single superphosphate and reactive rock phosphate) or K fertilizer (potassium chloride and potassium sulfate) were added to crops had little influence on tuber Cd concentrations. Fertilizer Cd concentrations also had little influence on tuber Cd concentrations, suggesting that residual Cd in the soil was a major contributor to Cd uptake by the crops on these soils.Addition of Zn at planting (up to 100 kg Zn ha–1) significantly reduced tuber Cd concentrations at four of the five sites studied. However, the largest variation was between sites rather than between treatments, with site mean tuber Cd concentrations varying tenfold (from 0.018 to 0.177 mg Cd kg–1 fresh weight). Factors associated with irrigation water quality at the sites, in particular the chloride concentration, appeared to dominate any effects of changing fertilizer type or Cd concentration. 相似文献
18.
We present a new synthetic approach leading to the formation of polypyrrole architectures in submicron level and to silver/polypyrrole nanocomposites via an interfacial polymerization in a water/chloroform interface. The oxidizing agent was either Ag(I) or Fe(III). In the first case, silver nanoparticles resulted. The mean diameter of the polypyrrole structures is in the range of 200-300 nm according to the addition or not of various surfactants. The progress of the reaction was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, which also revealed the formation of a polaron band during the growth of the oligomers. The crystal structure of the polymers was examined by X ray diffractometry and all samples appeared to be amorphous, while the samples were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
19.
Jeremy Gustin Brian Freeman James Stone Mohammad Mahinfalah Amin Salehi‐Khojin 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2005,96(6):2309-2315
Nanocomposites are more widely studied today because of higher stiffness, decreased permeability, thermal stability, and many other properties superior to those of regular polymers. However, manufacturers are concerned about implementing nanocomposites because of their lower impact properties with respect to the base polymer. This study focused on low‐velocity impact tests of a thermoplastic olefin by itself and with 5 wt % nanoclay. The impact tests were conducted at ?40, 23.9, and 65.6°C until the polymer and nanocomposite plates experienced complete striker penetration. The force–time and force–deflection responses obtained from the impact testing provided a means of comparing the impact performances of the two materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2309–2315, 2005 相似文献
20.
R. L. Holmes C. L. Hoffpauir R. S. McKinney A. F. Freeman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1955,32(5):282-285
Summary Weights were determined and analyses made of tung fruit milled and of all products leaving the mill for two runs of about
90 tons each in a commercial mill under normal operating conditions. Dry matter, oil, and nitrogen in the fruit were satisfactorily
accounted for in products leaving the mill, 101% of the oil being accounted for in each run. This showed that the methods
of analysis and sampling were accurate.
Losses occurred principally in particles of kernels occluded with the hulls and in the screw-press cake. Seventy-eight and
82% of the oil in the fruit was recovered as filtered oil.
Repressing the filter-press cake by adding it back to the stream of ground nuts just before they entered the screw-presses
was not proven to be economical as at the end of the run just as much cake was on hand, and it had as high an oil content
as if no filter cake had been fed back through the screw presses. Only about half as much oil could be filtered per filtration
cycle, resulting in an increase in cost of labor and a decrease in filtering capacity.
The apparent oil content of the screw-press cake decreases by about 2% after four to eight days as compared to its apparent
oil content at the time of pressing because of polymerization. Thus, screw-press cake samples should be analyzed for oil as
soon as possible after extrusion.
Both of these laboratories are maintained by the Agricultural Research Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献