粉末冶金法制备Mo-43wt%Re合金退火行为的研究

对粉末冶金法制备的纯Mo及Mo-43wt%Re合金不同状态下的力学性能和显微组织变化研究,结果表明:Mo-43wt%Re合金较纯Mo加工硬化显著,冷轧态纯Mo硬度仅为340HV,而Mo-43wt%Re合金的硬度达420HV.同时,Mo-43wt%Re合金抗高温软化性能较纯Mo得到显著提高,纯Mo的再结晶开始温度为900℃左右,Mo-43wt%Re合金在1350～1400 ℃开始再结晶,且再结晶晶粒细小,此时合金硬度较低,冷加工性能较好,可进行的最大变形量达50%.冷轧态Mo-43wt%Re合金出现大量位错胞组织,随着退火温度的升高,位错密度不断降低,且在不同温度下分别出现了均匀的螺位错网络和波浪形位错等组织.     

Phase equilibria of the cu-in system II: Thermodynamic assessment and calculation of phase diagram

The phases in the Cu-In binary were modelled thermodynamically using the Redlich-Kister expression for the Gibbs energies of the solution phases, the Wagner-Schottky model for those of the η (η)’)-Cu₂ln phase (taking η and η)’ to be a single phase), and assuming line compound behavior for the other intermetallic phases. The model parameters were obtained using primarily the thermodynamic data, as well as the phase equilibrium data. The thermodynamic values for the various phases calculated from the models are in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined thermodynamic data that are available in the literature. The entropies of melting for the intermetallic phases obtained from the models are in accord with the values calculated from the empirical formulas suggested by Kubaschewski. The calculated phase diagram is also in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined diagram, with the calculated temperatures for all the invariant equilibria within 1°C of the experimental values. The discrepancies between the calculated and experimental phase boundaries at the invariant temperatures are less than 1 at.% except those involving βCu₄Inn and γCu₇ln₃. These two phases were taken to be line compounds in the present study, although experimentally they exist over appreciable ranges of homogeneity. Current address: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.     

Development of Al-Rich Al-Ti-V intermetallic alloys with duplex microstructures

The phases, phase relationships and indentation behaviour observed in a series of Al-Ti-V alloys, based on the composition Al₃Ti, have been characterised following chill casting and selected isothermal heat treatments. The results define two separate approaches to the development of duplex microstructures containing uniform fine-scale mixtures of metallic ß-(Ti,V) solid solution and an Ll₂derived intermetallic phase. Although the chill-cast microstructures of Al₇₀Ti₁₀V₂₀ and Al₆₂Ti₁₀V₂₈ alloys retained metastable intermediate high temperature phases, duplex metallic-intermetallic microstructures, containing uniform fine-scale distributions of metallic ß-(Ti,V) solid solution in a δ-Al₃(Ti,V) intermetallic matrix, have been produced in both alloys during isothermal heat treatments at temperatures in the range 1073–1273 K. In contrast, two-stage heat treatments of an Al₅₅Ti₁₀V₃₅ alloy, involving short term homogenisation at 1523 K followed by extended ageing in the range 1073–1273 K, produced a series of fine-scale, two-phase lamellar microstructures, consisting of alternating lamellae of ß phase and twin-related ξ-Ti₅Al₁₁ laths. The cracking resistance of samples with such microstructures was significantly enhanced, while the hardness was maintained at or above that of monolithic δ-Al₃Ti.     

Analysis of deformation texture inhomogeneity and stability condition of shear components in f.c.c. metals

The texture of cold rolled aluminum sheet has been known to vary through the thickness due to inhomogeneous deformation during rolling. The copper texture is obtained in the center layer that is plane strain compressed while the shear texture in the surface layer, which is approximated by major 001 011 and minor 111 112 and 111 110 components. The stability condition of these components was calculated based on the full constraint Taylor-Bishop-Hill theory and could be described by a parameterdɛ₁₃/dɛ₁₁ with the suffixes 1 and 3 indicating the rolling and thickness directions, respectively.     

The influence of titanium on the electrochemical properties of the AB5-type metal hydrides

AB₅-type intermetallic compounds were prepared by arc-melting in argon atmosphere. The composition of a stoichiometric compound LaNi_3.6Al_0.4Co_0.7Mn_0.3 with a hexagonal CaCu₅ structure was varied by stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric addition of Ti. With the increase of the Ti y0.05 content in LaNi_3.6Al_0.4Co_0.7Mn_0.3Ti_y, the hydrogen storage capacity is enhanced, whereas when y=0.1–0.3, it is decreased. The discharge capacity and cyclability are increased considerably by addition of titanium in the range of 0.02–0.1 with a maximum value at about 0.1%. The highest maximum capacity is achieved for a nonstoichiometric addition of 0.05% Ti. The kinetic properties are also additionally improved by the formation of a titanium-rich second phase. This can explain the improvement of the capacity for alloys with low Ti content. The decrease in capacity for high Ti content was also correlated with the amount of the Ti-rich phase. Therefore, the improvement of kinetics are due to the catalytic effect, grain boundary diffusion effect or more pronounced alloy pulverization upon cycling. This study has been aimed to improve the electrode properties of a series of multicomponent LaNi_3.6Al_0.4Co_0.7Mn_0.3Ti_y (y=0.0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys which have mutual complementary properties. All the prepared alloys have been subjected to analyses by EDS, SEM and XRD. In order to determine the hydrogen storage capacity, the pressure composition isotherms (P–C–T curves) have been used. The metal hydride electrodes were characterized by galvanostatic cycling test.     

Effect of minor elements on hot cracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel welds

This research evaluates the effects of Si, N and REM on the hot cracking behavior of specially designed austenitic stainless steels. Varestraint hot cracking tests and microstructural examination revealed that solidification cracking of 304 can be minimized by a suitable addition of Si, N and control of the solidification mode. Further, the addition of N to “fully” austenitic 316 weld metal decreased solidification cracking susceptibility. REM additions were also effective in reducing solidification and weld metal HAZ liquation cracking in 347, but was ineffective for reduction in base metal HAZ liquation cracking.     

Experimental and numerical study of warm deep drawing of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet

Warm forming of magnesium alloy sheet has attracted more and more attention in recent years. The formability of magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperature depends on appropriate processes, and the fabrication of high-performance sheet. In this research, an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with excellent performances is fabricated by the cross-rolling and the uniform annealing treatments. The uniaxial tensile tests are conducted using a Gleeble 3500 thermal–mechanical simulator, and the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet are analyzed. Finally, some limiting drawing ratio (LDR) experiments are performed. The experiments show that the LDR can reach 2.0 at the forming temperature of 150 °C and the drawing velocity of 15 mm/s. A warm deep drawing process is also simulated by the finite element method. The influences of drawing temperature and blank holder force on the formability are numerically investigated. The simulation demonstrated that variable blank holder force technology can improve the LDR from 3.0 to 3.5, and decrease the wall thinning ratio from 15.21% to 12.35%.     

Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction in polycrystalline copper

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young’s modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young’s modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.     

二元合金等轴枝晶生长相场模拟

在传统纯物质相场模型的基础上，对其中的体系自由能进行重新构造，得到一个紧密联系相图且综合考虑了传热、溶质扩散、界面能各向异性和界面动力学各向异性等适用于二元合金枝晶生长的新相场模型，并利用该模型结合一种能显著提高计算效率的“临界面点相场大梯度计算域控制法”，对AJ-7Si合金在初始过冷度分别为35K和50K的过冷熔体中等轴枝晶生长进行了模拟，得到许多与试验观察相符合的结果；同时在枝晶生长过程中跟踪枝晶主轴尖端，获得其尖端半径和尖端速率，发现随着凝固时间的增加，逐渐收敛，直到枝晶达到稳定生长，而且通过简化KGT模型计算的枝晶尖端的生长速率与模拟值相近。另外，就过冷度对等轴枝晶生长的影响进行了分析。