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991.
Applications of large-scale computer modeling and simulation to a class of bioelectric field problems in a variety of biomedical research areas, from single cells to full human structures, are described. The authors focus on a specific subset of bioelectric field problems that have applications in electrocardiography and electroencephalography. The physics and physiology of bioelectric volume conductors are introduced. A specific computational example and the authors' view on the future direction of computational medicine are presented 相似文献
992.
A cryo-specimen storage system for low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) specimens is described, which: liberates multi-specimen experiments from sampling restrictions imposed by the rate at which LTSEM specimens can be examined in the SEM; provides security against experiment loss resulting from breakdown of the SEM or cryo-system; enables collection of specimens in the field or in laboratories remote from the SEM laboratory; and facilitates international air transport of LTSEM specimens. The components of the system, which has a capacity of 98 stub-mounted specimens, are readily made in a laboratory workshop. The details of the design may be altered to suit particular specimen types or experimental approaches. 相似文献
993.
W. W. Charlesworth J. J. Cox D. C. Anderson 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1994,37(18):3093-3115
Domain composition, a recently described method for formulating continuum field problems, removes certain restrictions on the construction of finite element models such that it is possible to solve a finite element problem without using a global compatible mesh. The domain composition method couples or otherwise constrains meshes in local regions to obtain a solution equivalent to that produced by conventional finite element methods. In particular, the domain composition method enables finite element models to be formulated with overlapping elements. Several advantages come from this, including an ability to automatically generate a finite element model from a solid geometric model, an ability to use a variety of element types in a single finite element model and an ability to exactly match element boundaries to the local geometry. This paper shows in detail a finite element formulation of Poisson's equation using domain composition and presents certain key algorithms that incorporate the domain composition method into well-established finite element procedures. 相似文献
994.
The male copulatory pattern uses muscles in the penis for erection and penile insertion, the lower trunk for pelvic thrusting, and the sex accessory organs for seminal emission. Organization of the nuclei controlling penile muscles is achieved through cell growth, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis, actions dependent on androgen but not estrogen. Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) but not estradiol (E2), stimulate pelvic thrusting vigor by synchronizing discharge of motoneurons innervating pelvic muscles. Pelvic thrusting rhythmicity, regulated by spinal interneurons, is produced in female rabbits by E2 or T but not by DHT. Reflex contraction of the seminal vesicles, due to penile insertion, is facilitated by androgen presumably by its effect on preganglionic neurons of the hypogastric nerve, located in the dorsal commissural nucleus. 相似文献
995.
The partial substitution of Ga at the Cu(1) (chain) sites of the YBa2Cu3O7 structure allows synthesis at ambient pressure of Ba-free analogs, e.g., YSr2Cu2.7Ga0.3O7?δ . Materials with this composition have been found to be nonsuperconducting, but superconductivity has been induced by one or more of the following methods: Ca substitutions at the Y site; Ba substitutions at the Sr site; annealing in high-pressure oxygen. The influence of these chemical manipulations onT c has been monitored and all methods have been found to enhanceT c . The electronic effects of Ba substitutions have been deduced indirectly using powder neutron diffraction, and such substitutions appear to result in a redistribution of hole density into the Cu(1) sites from the superconducting CuO2 planes. 相似文献
996.
Yayla G. Krishnamoorthy A.V. Marsden G.C. Esener S.C. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1994,82(11):1749-1762
We report the implementation of a prototype three-dimensional (3D) optoelectronic neural network that combines free-space optical interconnects with silicon-VLSI-based optoelectronic circuits. The prototype system consists of a 16-node input, 4-neuron hidden, and a single-neuron output layer, where the denser input-to-hidden-layer connections are optical. The input layer uses PLZT light modulators to generate optical outputs which are distributed over an optoelectronic neural network chip through space-invariant holographic optical interconnects. Optical interconnections provide negligible fan-out delay and allow compact, purely on-chip electronic H-tree type fan-in structure. The small prototype system achieves a measured 8-bit electronic fan-in precision and a calculated maximum speed of 640 million interconnections per second. The system was tested using synaptic weights learned off system and was shown to distinguish any vertical line from any horizontal one in an image of 4×4 pixels. New, more efficient light detector and small-area analog synapse circuits and denser optoelectronic neuron layouts are proposed to scale up the system. A high-speed, feed-forward optoelectronic synapse implementation density of up to 104/cm2 seems feasible using new synapse design. A scaling analysis of the system shows that the optically interconnected neural network implementation can provide higher fan-in speed and lower power consumption characteristics than a purely electronic, crossbar-based neural network implementation 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
Anirban Chakraborty James C. Earthman 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1997,28(4):979-989
Finite element simulations of the high-temperature behavior of single-phase γ, dual-phase α2+γ, and fully lamellar (FL) α2+γTiAl intermetallic alloy microstructures have been performed. Nonlinear viscous primary creep deformation is modeled in
each phase based on published creep data. Models were also developed that incorporate grain boundary and lath boundary sliding
in addition to the dislocation creep flow within each phase. Overall strain rates are compared to gain an understanding of
the relative influence each of these localized deformation mechanisms has on the creep strength of the microstructures considered.
Facet stress enhancement factors were also determined for the transverse grain facets in each model to examine the relative
susceptibility to creep damage. The results indicate that a mechanism for unrestricted sliding of γ lath boundaries theorized
by Hazzledine and co-workers leads to unrealistically high strain rates. However, the results also suggest that the greater
creep strength observed experimentally for the lamellar microstructure is primarily due to inhibited former grain boundary
sliding (GBS) in this microstructure compared to relatively unimpeded GBS in the equiaxed microstructures. The serrated nature
of the former grain boundaries generally observed for lamellar TiAl alloys is consistent with this finding. 相似文献
1000.
B Acea Nebril J Aguirrezabalaga González F Fraguela Mari?a L Taboada Filgueira D Freire Rodríguez C Gómez Freijoso 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,21(7):705-707
Gut involvement in bladder tumours is low, even exceptional in the presence of surface, low-grade neoplasia. The authors explain their experience in the diagnosis and management of a patient treated endoscopically for a vesical surface tumour which subsequently exhibited peritoneal and gut metastatic seeding. The various mechanisms for gut dissemination of vesical neoplasias and the repercussion of their endoscopic management are discussed. 相似文献