基于边界轮廓的区域生长算法在RBC提取中的应用

提出一种基于边界轮廓的区域生长算法提取各个细胞的图像,并运用阴影恢复技术进一步得到每个细胞的三维高度场数据,这些三维数据可用于计算细胞表面曲率。整个提取算法分为三个步骤：轮廓跟踪、区域生长、基于SEM成像条件的三维形状重建。考虑到重叠细胞的统计特征,只需提取处在最上层的细胞。实验结果表明,该方法具有很强的可行性和实用性。     

Economic modeling of board test strategies

A long and deep recession, coupled with continuous competitive pressure to reduce costs, is forcing many companies to review their test strategies. Testing costs have become a more significant proportion of the overall manufacturing cost even though manufacturing yields have increased dramatically over the past ten or twelve years. This causes attention to be focused on testing costs as a key source of cost reduction. The increased use of DFT and the integration of design and test are very positive moves towards controlling testing costs but other methods employed can often backfire. The increased use of low priced testers is one such method. The pressure to reduce costs, higher process yields and exhortations that testing adds no value can lead the test engineering manager to take the cheap route. In reality this can often turn out to be an expensive decision. The only way to avoid expensive mistakes is to perform an economic analysis of the alternative courses of action. In most cases this is done, but not always in the right manner or with the necessary amount of detail to make the comparisons meaningful. This article discusses the need for effective cost analysis of test strategies and highlights some of the pitfalls.     

BCI Meeting 2005--workshop on signals and recording methods.

This paper describes the highlights of presentations and discussions during the Third International BCI Meeting in a workshop that evaluated potential brain-computer interface (BCI) signals and currently available recording methods. It defined the main potential user populations and their needs, addressed the relative advantages and disadvantages of noninvasive and implanted (i.e., invasive) methodologies, considered ethical issues, and focused on the challenges involved in translating BCI systems from the laboratory to widespread clinical use. The workshop stressed the critical importance of developing useful applications that establish the practical value of BCI technology.     

Effects of Green Tea Extract and α‐Tocopherol on the Lipid Oxidation Rate of Omega‐3 Oils,Incorporated into Table Spreads,Prepared using Multiple Emulsion Technology

Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of fat and water soluble antioxidants on the oxidative stability of omega (ω)‐3 rich table spreads, produced using novel multiple emulsion technology. Table spreads were produced by dispersing an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion (500 g/kg 85 camelina/15 fish oil blend) in a hardstock/rapeseed oil blend, using sodium caseinate and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as emulsifiers. The O/W and oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) emulsions contained either a water soluble antioxidant (green tea extract [GTE]), an oil soluble antioxidant (α‐Tocopherol), or both. Spreads containing α‐Tocopherol had the highest lipid hydroperoxide values, whereas spreads containing GTE had the lowest (P < 0.05), during storage at 5 °C, while p‐Anisidine values did not differ significantly. Particle size was generally unaffected by antioxidant type (P < 0.05). Double emulsion (O/W/O) structures were clearly seen in confocal images of the spreads. By the end of storage, none of the spreads had significantly different G′ values. Firmness (Newtons) of all spreads generally increased during storage (P < 0.05). Practical Application: Lipid oxidation is a major problem in omega‐3 rich oils, and can cause off‐odors and off‐flavors. Double emulsion technology was used to produce omega‐3 enriched spreads (O/W/O emulsions), wherein the omega‐3 oil was incorporated into the inner oil phase, to protect it from lipid oxidation. Antioxidants were added to further protect the spreads by reducing lipid oxidation. Spreads produced had good oxidative stability and possessed functional (omega‐3 addition) properties.     

Examining the preparation and characterization of coatings based on linear aromatic terpoly(methoxy‐cyanurate‐thiocyanurate)s

Two series of terpoly(methoxy‐cyanurate‐thiocyanurate)s based on thiodiphenol and dithiodiphenyl sulfide and on dihydroxydiphenyl ether and dithiodiphenyl ether, were prepared in good yield and purity and fully characterized. Most of the resulting polymers, formed at room temperature using phase transfer catalysis, can be cast into films with good resilience and thermal stability (some examples suffer practically no mass loss when held isothermally at 190 °C and only display appreciable losses when held continuously at 225 °C). Char yields of 53%?61% are achieved in nitrogen depending on backbone structure. Some problems were encountered with solubility, particularly with copolymers, which limited molecular weight analysis, but values of M_n = 8000–13 000 g mol^?1 were obtained for the polymers based on thiodiphenol and dithiodiphenyl sulfide, and M_n = 5000–13 000 g mol^?1 for the polymers based on dihydroxydiphenyl ether and dithiodiphenyl ether. DSC reveals polymerization exotherms with maxima at 184–207 °C (ΔH_p = 43–59 kJ mol^?1), which are believed to be due to isomerization of the cyanurate to the isocyanurate (activation energies span 159–195 kJ mol^?1). Molecular simulation shows that diphenylether and diphenylsulfide display very similar conformational energy surfaces and would therefore be expected to adopt similar conformations, but the diphenylsulfide offers less resistance to deformations that increase the proximity of the two phenyl rings and results in more resilient films. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

Investigation of the mechanical and thermal fatigue properties of hybrid sol–gel coatings applied to AA2024 substrates

This research article reports on the response of various hybrid sol–gel materials when applied as coatings to pre-treated bare AA2024 substrates, to mechanical indentation and cyclic thermal stimuli, in order to determine their usefulness in aeronautical applications. Three groups of hybrid sol–gel-coated samples were prepared using various organosilanes and transition metal oxides. The characterization of the materials revealed that the presence of the organic functionalities, especially the methacrylate group, has a noticeable effect on the mechanical response of the hybrid coatings, in particular their flexibility. The presence of methacrylate group in the cured material gives it ability to flex which influenced the thermal fatigue characteristics of the coatings which are able to withstand the cyclic temperature regimes of 82 ± 3 to ?37 ± 3°C over 25 2 h cycles. This capability to maintain substrate protection is reflected in the corrosion resistance of the coatings as measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and accelerated exposure testing. This result is important, as it shows that hybrid sol–gel materials can be used in applications where protecting a metal or ally substrate is paramount, especially in thermally volatile environments.     

Thermodynamic cycle optimization for pyroelectric energy conversion in the thin film regime

Pyroelectric energy conversion is both simulated and realized on thin film lead zirconate titanate capacitors. The thermodynamics of the energy conversion cycle were explored, and the performance of the Brayton cycle was compared with the conventional Ericsson pyroelectric cycle. Cycle performance was examined using coefficients extracted from measured isothermal polarization hysteresis loops. It was found that the Brayton cycle is slightly more efficient than the Ericsson cycle over the range of temperatures tested and has significant efficiency improvements with increasing pyroelectric coefficients. The results from actual energy conversion cycles differed slightly from simulated performance, confirming the known challenges with synchronizing pyroelectric cycles with realistic thermal excitation. Finally, a one‐dimensional thermal transient model is used to explore the power conversion potential of thin film pyroelectrics. It is shown that the Brayton cycle has a significant performance advantage over the Ericsson cycle at higher operating frequencies. A power density of 8 mW/cm³ was obtained using the Brayton cycle for a thin film system at about 60 °C with an applied field of 5 V and stimulation frequency of 0.2 Hz. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zn in Athenian Black Gloss Ceramic Slips: A Trace Element Marker for Fabrication Technology

The black‐colored pottery slips produced in Athens from the 6th to 4th centuries B.C., had a consistent composition achieved through processing and refinement of raw clay. Little direct evidence has been established as to what were these refinement methods. To better understand how the slip material was prepared, the major and trace elemental compositions of 19 slips from different ceramic vessels and their corresponding bodies of Athenian red‐figure and black‐figure vases were determined using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS). Notably higher Zn concentrations were found in the slips (271–1959 ppm) than in their corresponding body ceramics (<361 ppm). The Zn concentrations in the slips were also found to be above the natural background for typical clay (between 10 and 300 ppm) suggesting an unintentional anthropogenic enrichment of this metal. Based on the abnormally high Zn content of the slip, it is speculated that the clay was treated using vitriol (concentrated acid mine runoff which is rich in Zn), to induce flocculation and remove carbonate mineral phases from the raw material that, if present, would prevent the slip from vitrifying. This same signature of elevated levels of Zn with a corresponding Ce anomaly is also observed for black glosses produced in Corinthian and Etrurian (Italy) workshops indicating that these trace element signatures were imparted to the material by means of shared methods of manufacturing instead of being indicative of a single unique source for this material.