Intelligent Virtual Assistant System (IVAS) for Air Traffic Controllers

Air traffic control is an essential obligation in the aviation industry to have safe and efficient air transportation. Year by year, the workload and on-job-stress of the air traffic controllers are rapidly increasing due to the rapid growth of air traveling. Controllers are usually dealing with multiple aircrafts at a time and must make quick and accurate decisions to ensure the safety of aircrafts. Heavy workload and high responsibilities create air traffic control a stressful job that sometimes could be error-prone and time-consuming, since controlling and decision-making are solely dependent on human intelligence. To provide effective solutions for the mentioned on the job challenges of the controllers, this study proposed an intelligent virtual assistant system (IVAS) to assist the controllers thereby to reduce the controllers’ workload. Consisting of four main parts, which are voice recognition, display conversation on screen, task execution, and text to speech, the proposed system is developed with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to make speedy decisions and be free of human interventions. IVAS is a computer-based system that can be activated by the voice of the air traffic controller and then appropriately assist to control the flight. IVAS identifies the words spoken by the controller and then a virtual assistant navigates to collect the data requested from the controllers, which allows additional or free time to the controllers to contemplate more on the work or could assist to another aircraft. The Google speech application programming interface (API) converts audio to text to recognize keywords. AI agent is trained using the Hidden marko model (HMM) algorithm such that it could learn the characteristics of the distinct voices of the controllers. At this stage, the proposed IVAS can be used to provide training for novice air traffic controllers effectively. The system is to be developed as a real-time system which could be used at the air traffic controlling base for actual traffic controlling purposes and the system is to be further upgraded to perform the task by recognizing keywords directly from the pilot voice command.     

A critical review on biodegradable food packaging for meat: Materials,sustainability, regulations,and perspectives in the EU

The development of biodegradable packaging is a challenge, as conventional plastics have many advantages in terms of high flexibility, transparency, low cost, strong mechanical characteristics, and high resistance to heat compared with most biodegradable plastics. The quality of biodegradable materials and the research needed for their improvement for meat packaging were critically evaluated in this study. In terms of sustainability, biodegradable packagings are more sustainable than conventional plastics; however, most of them contain unsustainable chemical additives. Cellulose showed a high potential for meat preservation due to high moisture control. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid (PLA) are renewable materials that have been recently introduced to the market, but their application in meat products is still limited. To be classified as an edible film, the mechanical properties and acceptable control over gas and moisture exchange need to be improved. PLA and cellulose-based films possess the advantage of protection against oxygen and water permeation; however, the addition of functional substances plays an important role in their effects on the foods. Furthermore, the use of packaging materials is increasing due to consumer demand for natural high-quality food packaging that serves functions such as extended shelf-life and contamination protection. To support the importance moving toward biodegradable packaging for meat, this review presented novel perspectives regarding ecological impacts, commercial status, and consumer perspectives. Those aspects are then evaluated with the specific consideration of regulations and perspective in the European Union (EU) for employing renewable and ecological meat packaging materials. This review also helps to highlight the situation regarding biodegradable food packaging for meat in the EU specifically.     

The security-based optimization algorithm for enhancing the energy efficiency of wireless sensor networks

In the upcoming era, one of the emergent technologies is “Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs),” which has provided various solutions in the field of defense, surveillance, and so on. But the main problems in the WSNs are security and energy-efficient routing to the researchers. The deployment of security algorithms can monitor only the unauthorized signals to ensure security, but it lacks and leads to higher energy consumption, whereas the deployment of energy-efficient routing algorithms is used only for the selection of routing paths, but it fails to ensure security. Hence, the main intent of this research work is to solve both problems by the following proposed models. Model 1 is “Identity-Based Aggregate Signatures (IBAS)” that is the most effective security-based framework protocol in this research work. Model 2 is the integration of IBAS and “Fuzzy Logic System (FLS)” that acts as an energy-efficient algorithm, and here, FLS is used to find the optimal path from source to destination to transmit the data. Model 3 is the combination of IBAS and the “Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)” for higher energy efficiency and auto localization by analyzing the entire route in WSN. Model 4 is the combination of IBAS, WOA, and the “Reinforcement Theory of WOA (RTWOA)” energy-efficiency model with a twofold and weight factor strategy for better speed and accuracy. These models ensure security, energy efficiency, and auto localization. The simulation parameters such as “Energy Efficiency,” “Packet Delivery Ratio,” “Average delay,” “Throughput,” and “Energy Consumption” are evaluated, and results show that the performance of energy efficiency and security is higher in Model 4 when compared to the other three models.