Long-period variations in the characteristics of frontal zones in the north Atlantic and their relation to solar activity and cosmic ray variations

The oscillations of the temperature gradients with the periods of ～10 and ～22 years have been detected in the Arctic frontal zone near the Greenland coasts. It has been shown that geomagnetic activity and the rate of variations in the GCR flux in the 11-year solar cycle are the main factors affecting the temperature contrasts in the frontal zone. It has been noted that the detected variations in the frontal zone temperature characteristics are important for the formation of the solar activity effects on the intensity of extratropical cyclogenesis.     

Catalytic activity of the acid sites on the outer surface of erionites

The catalytic and acid properties of erionites with a different degree of decationization were studied. IR spectroscopy showed that Brönsted acid sites are formed on the outer surface of the erionites as a result of decationization. It was shown that these sites are responsible for the occurrence of reactions of oligomerization of isobutylene and structural isomerization of trimethylpentenes.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2415–2419, November, 1989.     

Certain properties of Cesàro derivatives of higher orders

It is shown that a function with a Cesàro C ₂-derivative greater than ?∞ everywhere on a segment is not necessarily VBG. We also construct a function having a finite approximate derivative almost everywhere on a segment, but its C ₂-derivative is equal to +∞ almost everywhere.     

Development and study of zeolite catalytic systems for the transformation of lower hydrocarbons into valuable chemicals

The results of studies aimed at the development of highly efficient catalysts based on zeolites of the pentasil family for synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from C₂−C₅ olefins and paraffins are summarized. Dedicated to the memory of Academician M. E. Vol'pin timed to his 75th birthday. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1071–1080, June, 1998.     

High-temperature hydrogen adsorption on oxides

Conclusions Capture and reversible high-temperature chemisorption of hydrogen is observed on catalysts containing reduced V₂O₅ supported on MgO and Al₂O₃ which have been heated to 500°C. The amount of hydrogen taken up in chemisorption varies with the concentration of V₂O₅ and the nature of the carrier, the latter factor determining the relative ease of desorption.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1464–1466, July, 1982.The authors wish to thank G. V. Shakhnovich, who furnished the V₂O₅-MgO catalysts.     

Deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display: A new electrooptic mode in ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystals

Abstract

A new electrooptic mode of operation of ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is proposed and demonstrated. The effect, which is called the deformed helical ferroelectric (DHF) effect, is based on the deformation of the helical structure by weak electric fields. In the unbiased device the smectic layers are arranged in the bookshelf geometry with the helix axis parallel to the electrodes [1]. Systems with a very small pitch (<1 μm) and a large tilt angle are especially well suited for this mode. The key characteristics of DHF-LCDs are: (a) low driving fields (1 V_p-pμm^?1 for maximum contrast); (b) grey scale which is approximately linear with the applied electric field; (c) easy alignment even for thick cells using standard wall-aligning methods; and (d) response times at room temperature of 300 μs.