全文获取类型
收费全文 | 109篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
学科分类
环境安全 | 110篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 1篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 3篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有110条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Kirsten M. Bohn Cynthia F. Moss Gerald S. Wilkinson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(12):1693-1703
Alloparental care poses an evolutionary dilemma because effort is expended on non-filial offspring. Thus, instances of alloparental
care have been attributed to either mistaken identity, (i.e., recognition errors) or active cooperation. In greater spear-nosed
bats (Phyllostomus hastatus), reproductive females roost together in stable long-term social groups in cave ceilings. Non-volant pups frequently fall
from roost sites to the cave floor where they can die unless retrieved by an adult. In this study, we examined the function
of adult female visits to non-filial young and tested whether visits were attributable to recognition errors or to cooperation.
We found that females visited non-filial pups from their own social group more than expected. Females from different social
groups attacked and sometimes killed pups, and male pups were attacked more frequently than female pups. Visits by group mates
benefited fallen pups by reducing the likelihood of attack by females from other groups. In contrast to the mistaken identity
hypothesis, we found that some females leave their own pups to approach and remain with group mates’ pups. We used microsatellite
markers to estimate relatedness and test whether kinship could explain this alloparental care and found that females were
unrelated to the pups they guard. We conclude that females who reside in highly stable social groups exhibit cooperative behavior
that cannot be explained by kinship and is unlikely to be due to direct or generalized reciprocity. Instead, our data suggest
that alloparental care likely involves a complex interplay between group membership and cooperative foraging. 相似文献
102.
103.
Björklöf K Salminen J Sainio P Jørgensen K 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(2):101-107
Evidence for on site biodegradation may be difficult to provide at heterogeneous sites without additional experiments in controlled
laboratory conditions. In this study, microbial activities measured as CO2 and CH4 production were compared in situ, in intact soil cores and in bottle microcosms containing sieved soils. In addition, biodegradation
rates were determined by measuring the decrease in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations at 7°C in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Elevated concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the soil gas phase indicated that both the aerobic and anaerobic microbial activity potentials were high at the contaminated
site. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial degradation rates in laboratory experiments of petroleum hydrocarbons were highest in
soils from the most contaminated point and degradation in the aerobic and anaerobic microcosms was linear throughout the incubation,
indicating mass-transfer-dependent degradation. Different results for microbial activity measurements were obtained in laboratory
studies depending on pretreatment and size of the sample, even when the environmental conditions were mimicked. These differences
may be related to differences in the gas exchange rates as well as in changes in the bioavailability of the contaminant in
different analyses. When predicting by modeling the behavior of an aged contaminant it is relevant to adapt the models in
use to correspond to conditions relevant at the contaminated sites. The variables used in the models should be based on data
from the site and on experiments performed using the original aged contaminant without any additions. 相似文献
104.
Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) is a large, mesopelagic fish that inhabits tropical and temperate seas throughout the world, and is a common bycatch in
pelagic longline fisheries that target tuna and swordfish. Few studies have explored the biology and natural history of escolar,
and little is known regarding its population structure. To evaluate the genetic basis of population structure of escolar throughout
their range, we surveyed genetic variation over an 806 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial control region. In total, 225
individuals from six geographically distant locations throughout the Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, South Africa) and Pacific
(Ecuador, Hawaii, Australia) were analyzed. A neighbor-joining tree of haplotypes based on maximum likelihood distances revealed
two highly divergent clades (δ = 4.85%) that were predominantly restricted to the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins.
All Atlantic clade individuals occurred in the Atlantic Ocean and all but four Pacific clade individuals were found in the
Pacific Ocean. The four Atlantic escolar with Pacific clade haplotypes were found in the South Africa collection. The nuclear
ITS-1 gene region of these four individuals was subsequently analyzed and compared to the ITS-1 gene region of four individuals
from the South Africa collection with Atlantic clade haplotypes as well as four representative individuals each from the Atlantic
and Pacific collections. The four South Africa escolar with Pacific mitochondrial control region haplotypes all had ITS-1
gene region sequences that clustered with the Pacific escolar, suggesting that they were recent migrants from the Indo-Pacific.
Due to the high divergence and geographic separation of the Atlantic and Pacific clades, as well as reported morphological
differences between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific specimens, consideration of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations as separate
species or subspecies may be warranted, though further study is necessary. 相似文献
105.
Rochelle Constantine Debbie Steel Judy Allen Megan Anderson Olive Andrews C. Scott Baker Peta Beeman Daniel Burns Jean-Benoît Charrassin Simon Childerhouse Michael Double Paul Ensor Trish Franklin Wally Franklin Nick Gales Claire Garrigue Nadine Gibbs Peter Harrison Nan Hauser Amanda Hutsel Curt Jenner Micheline-Nicole Jenner Greg Kaufman Anne Macie David Mattila Carlos Olavarría Adrian Oosterman David Paton Michael Poole Jooke Robbins Natalie Schmitt Peter Stevick Alden Tagarino Kirsten Thompson Juney Ward 《Marine Biology》2014,161(5):1087-1093
Understanding the dynamics of population recovery is particularly complex when an organism has multiple, remote breeding and feeding grounds separated by one of the longest known migration routes. This study reports on the most comprehensive assessment of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) movements between remote Antarctic waters south of New Zealand and east Australia (EA), and the migratory corridors and breeding grounds of Australia and Oceania. A total of 112 individual whales were identified; 57 from microsatellites and 61 by fluke with 23 % (n = 26) matched to sites outside Antarctica. Despite large datasets from other southern regions being included in the comparison, the whales were predominantly linked to EA (n = 24). Only two matches to the Oceania catalogues directly north was surprising; therefore the primary feeding grounds of these endangered whales still remain unknown. The confirmation of the Balleny Islands as an important feeding ground for EA whales could provide an insight into reasons behind the rapid recovery of this population. Determining the feeding grounds of Oceania’s whales may explain whether prey energetics or migration length are limiting factors to their recovery and will allow an understanding of future ecosystem changes in these whales. 相似文献
106.
Few studies have measured removal of pollutants by restored wetlands that receive highly variable inflows. We used automated flow-proportional sampling to monitor the removal of nutrients and suspended solids by a 1.3-ha restored wetland receiving unregulated inflows from a 14-ha agricultural watershed in Maryland, USA. Water entered the wetland mainly in brief pulses of runoff, which sometimes exceeded the 2500-m3 water holding capacity of the wetland. Half of the total water inflow occurred in only 24 days scattered throughout the two-year study. Measured annual water gains were within 5% of balancing water losses. Annual removal of nutrients differed greatly between the two years of the study. The most removal occurred in the first year, which included a three-month period of decreasing water level in the wetland. In that year, the wetland removed 59% of the total P, 38% of the total N, and 41% of the total organic C it received. However, in the second year, which lacked a drying period, there was no significant (p > 0.05) net removal of total N or P, although 30% of the total organic C input was removed. For the entire two-year period, the wetland removed 25% of the ammonium, 52% of the nitrate, and 34% of the organic C it received, but there was no significant net removal of total suspended solids (TSS) or other forms of N and P. Although the variability of inflow may have decreased the capacity of the wetland to remove materials, the wetland still reduced nonpoint-source pollution. 相似文献
107.
108.
Kirsten Halsnæs Priyadarshi Shukla 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(2):105-130
The paper presents a number of ideas on how climate change policy implementation in developing countries can be supported
by alternative international cooperation mechanisms that are based on stakeholder interests and policy priorities including
broader economic and social development issues. It includes a brief review of current development policies, technological
research and promotion efforts, and climate change that demonstrates that mutual policy initiatives undertaken by governments
and the private sector actually have major positive impacts on climate change without being initiated by this global policy
concern. Furthermore a number of examples are given on how future development objectives in Brazil, China, and India jointly
can support economic and social goals and global climate change concerns if these goals are taken into consideration and supported
by international cooperative mechanisms. The paper proposes international cooperative mechanisms that can support the implementation
of integrated development and climate change policies. The mechanisms include an international sustainable development (SD)
and Climate Finance Mechanism (SDCFM), technology development and transition programmes, technology standards, and other measures.
相似文献
Priyadarshi Shukla (Corresponding author)Email: |
109.
Mine reclamation with biosolids increases revegetation success but nutrient addition well in excess of vegetation requirements has the potential to increase leaching of NO3 and other biosolids constituents. A 3-yr water quality monitoring study was conducted on a Pennsylvania mine site reclaimed with biosolids applied at the maximum permitted and standard loading rate of 134 Mg ha(-1). Zero-tension lysimeters were installed at 1-m depth 1 yr before reclamation: three in the biosolids application area, one in a control area (no biosolids). Before reclamation, all water samples had pH in the range 4.7 to 6.2, acidity < 20 mg L(-1), and very low levels of all other measured parameters. Following reclamation, percolate water in the biosolids-treated area had lower pH and greater acidity than the control area. Acidity was greatest during the first winter following biosolids application, decreased during the spring, and showed a similar pattern but with much smaller concentrations the second year. Maximum first- year leachate NO3 concentrations were approximately 300 mg L(-1) and half as large the second year. Estimated inorganic N leaching loss during the first 2 yr after biosolids application was 2327 kg N ha(-1). Aluminum, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn followed similar leaching patterns as did acidity, and their mobilization appeared to be the result of the increased acidity. These results indicate that large applications of low-C/N-ratio biosolids could negatively impact area water quality and that biosolids reclamation practices should be modified to reduce this possibility. 相似文献
110.
Quantifying the climatic suitability for tourism in Namibia using the Tourism Climate Index (TCI) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Noome Kirsten Fitchett Jennifer M. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(4):5094-5111
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Tourism Climate Indices (TCIs) are the most widely used method to quantify climate suitability for tourism, yet remain more extensively applied in the... 相似文献