中国地学第一歌——《中国地质学会会歌》

“大哉我中华!东水西山,南石北土真足夸。泰山五台国基固,震旦水陆已萌芽。古生一代沧桑久,矿岩化石富如沙。降及中生代,构造更增加;生物留迹广,湖泊相屡差。地文远溯第三纪,猿人又放文明花。锤子起处发现到,共同研讨乐无涯。大哉我中华!大哉我中华!”     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对小鼠的氧化损伤及黄豆异黄酮对其保护作用的研究

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)是环境中广泛存在的污染物,作为一种内分泌干扰物,已严重威胁到人类健康和生态环境安全。每天用250、500和1000mg·kg-1·d-1的DEHP对雄性昆明小鼠进行灌胃处理,连续处理30d后,分别考察了小鼠的器官相对质量、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量以及睾丸组织学等指标的变化。结果显示,小鼠的肝、肺组织肿大,睾丸严重萎缩,并呈剂量依赖性。肝脏MDA含量显著增加,肝脏和血液GSH水平显著下降。从睾丸组织学分析结果可见,精子生长发育条件已受到破坏,例如睾丸细胞坏死和凋亡,生精小管上皮细胞大量脱落等。DEHP对未成熟的雄性小鼠有氧化损伤作用和生殖毒性,特别是在较高剂量(500and1000mg·kg-1·d-1)时。为了探讨大豆异黄酮(SI)对DEHP诱导的氧化损伤和睾丸损伤的保护作用,将暴露于1000mg·kg-1·d-1DEHP的小鼠,用100mg·kg-1·d-1剂量的SI平行处理。结果显示,SI作为抗氧化剂和雌激素调节剂可明显减弱DEHP所致的氧化应激和睾丸毒性。     

太原市“十四五”规划大气污染防治政策的CO2协同效益评估

为量化评估太原市“十四五”大气污染防治政策的减污降碳协同效益,使用京津冀温室气体-空气污染相互作用与协同模型（GAINS-JJJ）,模拟评估13项大气污染防治措施的减排潜力,CO₂的协同减排效益.2025年政策情景下一次PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO_x、VOCs和NH₃分别减排1.8（5%,相对于基准情景减排比例,下同）、2.5（2%）、3.7（16%）、20.0（27%）、13.6（15%）和0.0 kt（0%）,CO₂减排9.0 Mt（13%）,CH₄排放增加203.3 kt（相对于基准情景增加25%）.SO₂、NO_x与VOCs减排主要发生在电力、工业燃烧与溶剂使用部门,CO₂减排主要发生在工业燃烧部门,CH₄排放量增加是由于煤矿开采活动水平升高.限制“双高”行业的能源消耗,严禁新增产能以及可再生能源发电比例提升措施的CO₂协同减排效益最高.VOCs具有优异协同减碳效益.建议太原市进一步推进终端电气化政策,同时需加大提升电力行业清洁能源比重和可再生能源发电的消纳能力.     

紫外吸收光谱法监测硫化氢浓度的实验研究

紫外吸收光谱法是利用不同气体在紫外波段对光具有选择吸收的特性来测量排放烟气中的气体成分和浓度。基于这种方法设计出一套能够实时、在线监测硫化氢的实验装置。在常温常压状态下,通过对测量的一次光谱进行分析,计算出硫化氢的标准吸收截面,选择合适的数据处理方法,减小浓度计算时的误差,可得出硫化氢的实时浓度值。     

壁面加热作用对街道峡谷污染物扩散的影响

采用CFD软件Fluent研究了不同壁面加热条件下街道峡谷内流场及污染物浓度分布情况.结果表明,当街道高宽比(H/W)为1.33时,在低风速(u=1m/s)条件下,当壁面与周围大气无温差时,街道峡谷内存在一个稳定的顺时针大漩涡,污染物在背风侧堆积.当背风面、地面和背风面分别被加热时,峡谷内流场分布与无温差时相似,此时峡谷内的湍流强度增强,导致污染物浓度降低.当迎风面被加热时,峡谷内流场由原来的单漩涡结构变为双漩涡结构,此时街道峡谷下部浓度较高,上部浓度相对较低.当地面和迎风面同时被加热,温差较小(?θ=2℃)时,街道峡谷内流场由单漩涡结构变为双漩涡结构; 温差增大为5℃,峡谷内由双漩涡分裂成了3个漩涡,此时污染物分布与迎风面被加热情况相似.通过实测值和模拟值的比较可知,Fluent软件对街道峡谷大气环境的模拟结果基本合理.     

公路隧道可吸入颗粒物扩散模型研究

运用大气扩散理论,得到了隧道内自然通风和纵向通风状态下的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)扩散模型,并由隧道口PM10浓度、隧道截面积、隧道内风速,以及车流量和类型等参数,获得了整条隧道内的不同PM10浓度分布.模型表明,随着隧道深度的增加,PM10浓度逐渐增大.通过采用纵向通风的玄武湖隧道各参数,得到了3组不同条件下的PM10扩散模型,并用所得模型计算了隧道内不同深度处PM10的浓度.沿隧道不同深度测得的PM10浓度值的比较结果表明,实际测定值围绕计算值上下波动,两者之间具有良好的一致性.     

广西特有植物瑶山苣苔的濒危原因及保护对策

瑶山苣苔(Dayaoshania cotinifolia W.T.Wang)是苦苣苔科多年生草本植物,为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生植物.在2004-2006年对瑶山苣苔资源现状、生物学和生态学特性调查的基础上,探讨了瑶山苣苔的濒危原因及解濒措施.结果表明,人为原因是导致瑶山苣苔濒危的最主要原因;其次是昆虫对瑶山苣果实的捕食显著减少了种子数量;第三,瑶山苣苔同有的生物学特性限制其种群数量增加.为更好的保护瑶山苣苔,作者建议采用就地保护策略,即建立金秀老山自然保护区独木桥和青年工区两个瑶山苣苔保护点,有效地保护该种群及其分布生境;同时加强瑶山苣苔的科学研究,实施迁地保护.     

盐生杜氏藻3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶不同结构域蛋白的表达纯化及其抗体的制备与分析

盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)是迄今为止世界上发现的最耐盐的真核光合生物,而甘油是盐藻用于调节细胞内外渗透压变化的关键调渗物质.3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(GPDH)是盐生杜氏藻甘油合成途径中的关键酶.与已经报道的其它物种的GPDH基因不同,盐生杜氏藻3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶(Ds.GPDH)基因具有两个独立的功能结构域,即丝氨酸磷酸化酶结构域(SGPP domain)和3-磷酸甘油脱氢酶结构域(GPD domain).本实验在已克隆的Ds.GPDH2基因的基础上,以含GPDH2全基因序列的T质粒载体(pMD18-T-GPDH2)为模板,PCR扩增分别得到两个单结构域片段(SGPP与GPD),以及双结构域片段(GPDH),构建了pET32a-SGPP、pET32a-GPD和pET32a-GPDH三种原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中成功表达.纯化蛋白制备抗原,制备出3个多克隆抗体.Western Blot和交叉反应分析显示通过重组蛋白制备的多克隆抗体具有很高的特异性.图7参16     

Geochemistry of the barkinite liptobiolith (Late Permian) from the Jinshan Mine,Anhui Province,China

This paper discusses the geochemistry and mineralogy of the barkinite liptobiolith of the Late Permian age from the Jinshan Mine, Guangde County, Anhui Province, China. Samples were examined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, ion-selective electrode, sequential chemical extraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray, and optical microscopy. The coal is a medium-ash and high-sulfur resource. Minerals in the coal are composed of kaolinite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz. Pyrite and calcite are derived from seawater during peat accumulation. Quartz in the coal is of authigenic origin. Part of the kaolinite is from a land-source region, and part occurs as cell-fillings and is of authigenic origin. The results also indicate that the barkinite liptobiolith contains some toxic elements in high concentrations. Elements including Li, Be, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ga, Se, Y, Zr, Mo, the rare earth elements (REEs), W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Th, and U in the coals are enriched in the barkinite liptobiolith. Results of sequential chemical extraction showed that Li, Sc, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, REEs, and Th in the coal mainly occur as silicates, while Be and W are related to organic matter. Pyrite is the dominant source of S, Mo, Hg, Tl, and Pb. Gallium only occurs in silicate, and U and V occur both in organic and silicate associations.     

Biogeochemical transfer and dynamics of iodine in a soil–plant system

Radioactive iodide (¹²⁵I) is used as a tracer to investigate the fate and transport of iodine in soil under various leaching conditions as well as the dynamic transfer in a soil–plant (Chinese cabbage) system. Results show that both soils (the paddy soil and the sandy soil) exhibit strong retention capability, with the paddy soil being slightly stronger. Most iodine is retained by soils, especially in the top 10 cm, and the highest concentration occurs at the top most section of the soil columns. Leaching with 1–2 pore volume water does not change this pattern of vertical distributions. Early breakthrough and long tailing are two features observed in the leaching experiments. Because of the relatively low peak concentration, the early breakthrough is really not an environmental concern of contamination to groundwater. The long tailing implies that the retained iodine is undergoing slow but steady release and the soils can provide a low but stable level of mobile iodine after a short period. The enrichment factors of ¹²⁵I in different plant tissues are ranked as: root > stem > petiole > leaf, and the ¹²⁵I distribution in the young leaves is obviously higher than that in the old ones. The concentrations of ¹²⁵I in soil and Chinese cabbage can be simulated with a dual-chamber model very well. The biogeochemical behaviors of iodine in the soil-cabbage system show that cultivating iodized cabbage is an environmentally friendly and effective technique to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Planting vegetables such as cabbage on the ¹²⁹I-contaminated soil could be a good remediation technique worthy of consideration.