论静脉产业的法律调整

从静脉产业的概念入手，通过一系列的数据反映我国特别是河北省在工业固体废物、建筑垃圾、报废的机动车船、废旧家电、城市生活垃圾等静脉产业的实际状态和水平，并且探讨了调整静脉产业的现有法律制度及立法空白，提出了尽快出台《循环经济法》；修订《清洁生产促进法》和《固体废弃物污染防治法》；加紧制定《促进容器与包装分类回收法》、《家用电器回收法》、《建筑及材料回收法》、《食品回收法》、《垃圾回收利用法》及《绿色采购法》等立法建议。     

Inhibitory effects of butyrate on biological hydrogen production with mixed anaerobic cultures

In this study batch experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of butyrate addition on hydrogen production from glucose by using anaerobic mixed cultures. Experimental results showed that addition of butyrate at 4.18 and 6.27 g/l only slightly inhibited hydrogen production, and addition of butyrate at 8.36-12.54 g/l imposed a moderate inhibitory effect on hydrogen production. At addition of 25.08 g/l, butyrate had a strong inhibitory influence on substrate degradation and hydrogen production. The distribution of the volatile fatty acids produced from the acidogeneisis of glucose was significantly influenced by the addition of butyrate. The inhibition of butyrate addition on hydrogen production was described well by a non-competitive and non-linear inhibition model, with the maximum hydrogen production rate of 59.3 ml/g-SS/h, critical added butyrate concentration of 25.08 g/l, and inhibition degree of 0.323, respectively. The C(I,50) values (the butyrate concentration at which bioactivity is reduced by 50%) for hydrogen production rate and yield were estimated as 19.39 and 20.78 g/l of added butyrate, respectively.     

油气长输管道工程HSE评价技术研究

根据油气长输管道系统的结构特点和作业特性,介绍了油气长输管道工程中职工健康、安全、环境(HSE)评价技术的基本理论和内涵以及进行评价的必要性、目的和意义、特点、适应性等,提出了一种新的集安全、环境、健康于一体的评价技术,为建立油气长输管道长期有效的保障技术体系及确保管道安全、平稳、高效运行提供了理论和技术支持。该技术在油气管道风险分析中具有较高的工程实用价值。     

城市公园湖泊污染治理实践

城市公园湖泊水体保护和水污染治理越来越受到人们的重视。公园内水体往往补充水源不足，自净能力脆弱，当受到污染，湖水会变黑发臭，破坏公园美景。深圳市东湖公园人工湖污染治理过程中结合了水利防洪、环境保护、园林绿化等措施进行综合治理，通过截污、清淤、补充水、湖泊堤岸及拦水橡胶坝的恢复等措施，使湖泊水质得到彻底改善。合理的设计使人工湖具有滞洪防洪功能，还可对公园内地下水起到调节和补充作用，清澈的湖水又使人工湖成为公园内秀丽的景点。该项目为城市公园湖泊污染综合治理进行了一次探索和实践。     

Distribution and leaching of methyl iodide in soil following emulated shank and drip application

Methyl iodide (MeI) is a promising alternative to methyl bromide in soil fumigation. The pest-control efficacy and ground water contamination risks of MeI as a fumigant are highly related to its gas-phase distribution and leaching after soil application. In this study, the distribution and leaching of MeI in soil following shank injection and subsurface drip application were investigated. Methyl iodide (200 kg ha(-1)) was directly injected or drip-applied at a 20-cm depth into Arlington sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic Durixeralfs) columns (12-cm i.d., 70-cm height) tarped with virtually impermeable film. Concentration profiles of MeI in the soil air were monitored for 7 d. Methyl iodide diffused rapidly after soil application, and reached a 70-cm depth within 2 h. Relative to shank injection, drip application inhibited diffusion, resulting in significantly lower concentration profiles in the soil air. Seven days after MeI application, fumigated soil was uncapped, aerated for 7 d, and leached with water. Leaching of MeI was significant from the soil columns under both application methods, with concentrations of >10 mug L(-1) in the early leachate. The leaching was greater following shank injection than drip application, with an overall potential of 33 g ha(-1) for shank injection and 19 g ha(-1) for drip application. Persistent residues of MeI remaining in soils after leaching were 50 to 240 ng kg(-1), and the contents were slightly higher following shank injection than drip application. The results suggest that fumigation with MeI may pose a risk of ground water contamination in vulnerable areas.     

Catalytic effect of soil colloids on the reaction between CrVI and p-methoxyphenol

Adsorption of CrVI and p-methoxyphenol (PMP) on soil colloids at different pH media was studied. The resulting k1 and n of 1.89 x 10(2) and 0.53 (r2 = 0.99) and k2 and b of 0.13 and 1.25 x 10(3) (r2 = 0.96) were obtained from Freundlich (Q = k1Caqn) and Langmuir [Q = k2bCaq/(1 + k2Caq)] simulation equations, respectively, for CrVI adsorption on soil colloids (pH 4.20). The adsorption of PMP on soil colloids in pH 5.72 media was simulated by five different equations and the results indicated that the Fritz-Schluender one (r2 = 1.00) was the most suitable among them. Adsorption quantity of CrVI and PMP on colloids increased with increasing acidity in the pH range of 3.5-9.0. Study of CrVI adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption equilibrium of CrVI was reached rapidly within 2 h. In pure aqueous solution, CrVI reduction by PMP was observed only when the media's pH was lower than 4.0. Oxidation and reduction reaction between CrVI and p-methoxyphenol obviously occurred when soil colloids were involved in this system, even at pH > or = 7.0, which strongly suggested that minerals in soil colloids acted as catalysts to speed the reaction of CrVI and PMP. The oxidized product of PMP by CrVI, extracted by chloroform in acid media and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was identified as benzoquinone. The reaction included two steps of one electron process.     

Cd2+、Cu2+和Zn2+对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响

实验室研究了 3种重金属离子 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺对人工湿地反硝化作用的影响 .以 100、500、1000 mg/kg剂量的 Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺处理人工湿地土壤样品 ,检测其 N₂O的产生 .结果表明 ,3种金属离子的 500、1000mg/kg处理组土样 N₂O的产生均显著降低 ,各金属离子抑制 N₂O产生的程度顺序为 Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>Cu²⁺,这与 3种金属离子在土样中的有效态浓度顺序是一致的 ,反硝化微生物在处理过程中逐步产生了对重金属离子的耐受性 ,500、1000mg/kg处理组样品的 NH⁺₄- N浓度较对照组显著升高提示部分 NO^-₃- N由于反硝化过程的抑制而异化性还原为 NH⁺₄-N.     

减少氮、磷损失,控制其对环境污染的途径

本文从改进肥料施用技术、改性现有肥料、阻断农田氮磷损失的物理和化学措施、运用生物学途径以及植物生长调节物质等方面综述了当前提高氮、磷肥料利用效率,减少氮、磷对环境污染的途径.     

印染废水脱色技术与理论述评

文章介绍了印染废水典型脱色技术的现状和进展,并着重分析了各种脱色技术的脱色机制,突出了典型脱色技术中的理论因素,介绍并阐明了一些脱色理论新观点,如吸附剂改性增效原理、分子结构与絮凝效果的联系、小剂量氧化剂偶合絮凝、脱色菌的质粒对脱色率的影响等,并从工艺角度分析了各种脱色方法的应用.     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂及其在工业染料废水降解脱色中的应用

以多孔石墨电极为阴极 ,电解时在阴极通以氧气或空气 ,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2 +进行随后化学反应 ,现场生成羟基自由基 (Fenton试剂 ) ,进而对有机染整工业废水进行降解脱色反应。以可见光吸收谱图表征了工业染料废水经电解槽处理后吸光度的变化 ,以重铬酸钾法测试染料处理后的COD。实验结果表明 ,COD的去除率大于 80 % ,染料的脱色率达 1 0 0 % ,若将电解电流密度控制在 1 0mA/cm2 以下 ,槽电压可控制在 5V以内。实验结果表明 ,向阴极多孔石墨电极中通入空气与通入氧气的效果一致。