计及多元不确定性的氢电耦合微电网多阶段动态规划方法

针对传统单阶段规划设计方法存在的初始投资成本高、源荷匹配性弱、经济性不足的缺点,提出了一种氢电耦合微电网多阶段动态规划方法,可确定各设备的最优配置容量和投资时机,并基于混合优化架构增强模型对多元不确定性的适应能力。其中,设备在规划周期内投资成本的波动不确定性特征以随机概率场景描述,可再生分布式电源出力和负荷需求不确定性则以不确定场景集合处理。在此基础上,进一步考虑微电网规划周期内的负荷增长率、设备性能衰退等动态因素,提升规划方案对未来动态信息变化的适用性,并最终构建随机-鲁棒混合整数线性规划模型描述微电网的多阶段动态规划问题。仿真结果表明,与传统的单阶段规划模型相比,所提方法的总成本降低近5.0%,初始投资成本降低近13.9 %,投资回收期缩短近32.9 %,有利于提升微电网规划方案的经济性。     

压电叠堆驱动式超声电机设计

该文研究了拟发挥压电叠堆大输出力的特点,并提出了一种压电叠堆驱动的超声电机。电机定子由压电叠堆与金属弹性体结构组成,定子在交变激励信号下产生行波振动,并通过摩擦耦合驱动转子旋转输出。该文制作了样机,并搭建了实验平台。测试结果表明,电机转速与驱动电压呈正相关关系。当驱动电压峰-峰值为310 V时,电机最大输出转速为42.55 r/min,输出扭矩为0.8 N·m。     

基于双解码路径DD-UNet的脑肿瘤图像分割算法

针对医学图像中病灶区域尺度不一、边界模糊和周围组织强度不均匀所导致的分割精度降低问题,提出了一种基于双解码器的脑肿瘤图像分割模型。为了增强特征的表征力,提出了高阶微分残差模块并使用不同空洞率的扩张卷积用于提取特征编码,提高了网络模型的分割性能;引入上下文语义信息感知模块(multi scale dilation, MSD),从不同的目标尺度中提取更多的精细信息,提高了对结构细节信息的捕获能力,同时减少了编解码器之间的特征差异;在空间解码路径中使用选择性聚合空间注意力模块(spatial aggregation attention module, SAAM),增加了对有效空间特征的权重比例,减少了无效的特征干扰。在脑肿瘤数据集上进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,所提算法的Dice系数、平均交并比、敏感性、特异性、准确率等指标分别为：93.35%、90.71%、91.15%、99.94%、96.75%。     

Ultrahigh Energy Storage Capacitors Based on Freestanding Single-Crystalline Antiferroelectric Membrane/PVDF Composites

Inorganic/organic dielectric composites are very attractive for high energy density electrostatic capacitors. Usually, linear dielectric and ferroelectric materials are chosen as inorganic fillers to improve energy storage performance. Antiferroelectric (AFE) materials, especially single-crystalline AFE oxides, have relatively high efficiency and higher density than linear dielectrics or ferroelectrics. However, adding single-crystalline AFE oxides into polymers to construct composite with improved energy storage performance remains elusive. In this study, high-quality freestanding single-crystalline PbZrO₃ membranes are obtained by a water-soluble sacrificial layer method. They exhibit classic AFE behavior and then 2D–2D type PbZrO₃/PVDF composites with the different film thicknesses of PbZrO₃ (0.1-0.4 µm) is constructed. Their dielectric properties and polarization response improve significantly as compared to pure PVDF and are optimized in the PbZrO₃(0.3 µm)/PVDF composite. Consequently, a record-high energy density of 43.3 J cm⁻³ is achieved at a large breakdown strength of 750 MV m⁻¹. Phase-field simulation indicates that inserting PbZrO₃ membranes effectively reduces the breakdown path. Single-crystalline AFE oxide membranes will be useful fillers for composite-based high-power capacitors.     

Lightweight deep learning methods for panoramic dental X-ray image segmentation

Neural Computing and Applications - Dental X-ray image segmentation is helpful for assisting clinicians to examine tooth conditions and identify dental diseases. Fast and lightweight segmentation...     

基于特征融合的无监督跨模态哈希

已有的无监督跨模态哈希（UCMH）方法主要关注构造相似矩阵和约束公共表征空间的结构,忽略了2个重要问题：一是它们为不同模态的数据提取独立的表征用以检索,没有考虑不同模态之间的信息互补;二是预提取特征的结构信息不完全适用于跨模态检索任务,可能会造成一些错误信息的迁移。针对第一个问题,提出一种多模态表征融合结构,通过对不同模态的嵌入特征进行融合,从而有效地综合来自不同模态的信息,提高哈希码的表达能力,同时引入跨模态生成机制,解决检索数据模态缺失的问题;针对第二个问题,提出一种相似矩阵动态调整策略,在训练过程中用学到的模态嵌入自适应地逐步优化相似矩阵,减轻预提取特征对原始数据集的偏见,使其更适应跨模态检索,并有效避免过拟合问题。基于常用数据集Flickr25k和NUS-WIDE进行实验,结果表明,通过该方法构建的模型在Flickr25k数据集上3种哈希位长检索的平均精度均值较DGCPN模型分别提高1.43%、1.82%和1.52%,在NUS-WIDE数据集上分别提高3.72%、3.77%和1.99%,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

The research on channel estimation and signal-noise ratio estimation based on minimum error entropy kalman filter for single carrier frequency domain equalization system

In this paper, the channel estimation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation technique of single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system under low SNR in aeronautical multipath channel are studied, a SNR estimation algorithm which is easy to implement in engineering and an improved LS channel estimation algorithm based on Kalman filter using minimum error entropy (MEE-KF) are proposed. This paper first introduces the SC-FDE system and introduces the principle of MEE-KF, and then, the channel estimation flow based on MEE-KF is obtained by combining it with the traditional LS channel estimation algorithm, which makes the estimation results perform better. Simulation results show that after getting more accurate noise variance, the channel estimation results can better follow the changes of the channel after MEE-KF processing, so as to resist the doppler frequency offset effect and make the channel estimation results more accurate, that is the channel response results of the data part can be closer to the real situation, so that the communication performance of SC-FDE system has also been greatly improved.     

The Edge Effects Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Performance of Platinum/Transition Bimetallic Phosphide Hybrid Electrocatalysts

Platinum (Pt) is regarded as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, its application in an alkaline medium is limited by the activation energy of water dissociation, diffusion of H⁺, and desorption of H*. Moreover, the formation of effective structures with a low Pt usage amount is still a challenge. Herein, guided by the simulation discovery that the edge effect can boost local electric field (LEF) of the electrocatalysts for faster proton diffusion, platinum nanocrystals on the edge of transition metal phosphide nanosheets are fabricated. The unique heterostructure with ultralow Pt amount delivered an outstanding HER performance in an alkaline medium with a small overpotential of 44.5 mV and excellent stability for 80 h at the current density of −10 mA cm⁻². The mass activity of as-prepared electrocatalyst is 2.77 A mg⁻¹_Pt, which is 15 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts (0.18 A mg⁻¹_Pt). The density function theory calculation revealed the efficient water dissociation, fast adsorption, and desorption of protons with hybrid structure. The study provides an innovative strategy to design unique nanostructures for boosting HER performances via achieving both synergistic effects from hybrid components and enhanced LEF from the structural edge effect.     

Grafted MXenes Based Electrolytes for 5V-Class Solid-State Batteries

Polymer blends based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), combining the advantages of multiple polymers, are promising for the utilization of 5 V-class cathodes (e.g., LiCoMnO₄ (LCMO)) with enhanced safety. However, severe macro-phase separation with defects and voids in polymer blends restrict the electrochemical stability and ionic migration of SPEs. Herein, inorganic compatibilizer polyacrylonitrile grafted MXene (MXene-g-PAN) is exploited to improve the miscibility of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVHF)/PAN blends and suppress the consolidation of phase particles. The resulting SPE exhibits a high anodic stability with an ionic conductivity of 2.17 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, enabling a stable and reversible Li platting/stripping (over 2500 h). The fabricated solid Li‖LCMO cell delivers a 5.1 V discharge voltage with a decent capacity (131 mAh g⁻¹) and cycling performance. Subsequently, the solid all-in-one graphite‖LCMO battery is also constructed to extend the application of MXene based SPEs in flexible batteries. Benefiting from the interface-less design, outstanding mechanical flexibility and stability is achieved in the battery, which can endure various deformations with a low-capacity loss (< ≈10%). This study signifies a significant development on solid flexible lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance, stability, and reliability by investigating the miscibility of polymer blends, benefiting for the design of high-performance SPEs.     

Multifunctional Organic Potassium Salt Additives as the Efficient Defect Passivator for High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Despite the rapid developments are achieved for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the existence of various defects in the devices still limits the further enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the long-term stability of devices. Herein, the efficient organic potassium salt (OPS) of para-halogenated phenyl trifluoroborates is presented as the precursor additives to improve the performance of PSCs. Studies have shown that the 4-chlorophenyltrifluoroborate potassium salt (4-ClPTFBK) exhibits the most effective interaction with the perovskite lattice. Strong coordination between  BF₃⁻/halogen in anion and uncoordinated Pb²⁺/halide vacancies, along with the hydrogen bond between F in  BF₃⁻ and H in FA⁺ are observed. Thus, due to the synergistic contribution of the potassium and anionic groups, the high-quality perovskite film with large grain size and low defect density is achieved. As a result, the optimal devices show an enhanced efficiency of 24.50%, much higher than that of the control device (22.63%). Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices present remarkable thermal and long-term stability, maintaining 86% of the initial PCE after thermal test at 80 °C for 1000 h and 95% after storage in the air for 2460 h.