超大型高位集水冷却塔的三维数值模拟研究

高位集水冷却塔具有高效、节能、低噪等优势,在火、核电厂中具有较好的应用业绩。本文采用CFD数值模拟的手段,对某超大型高位集水冷却塔的热力特性以及空气动力特性进行了数值模拟研究。计算结果表明:集水装置的增加对冷却塔形成阻力,但其增加程度要明显小于雨区阻力的减小量;在相同条件下,与常规塔相比,高位集水冷却塔的通风量较大;高位集水冷却塔的冷却性能优于常规塔。     

渣土掺量对粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能的影响

研究了不同渣土掺量对粉煤灰地聚合物力学性能的影响并对试样的微观结构进行分析.研究结果表明:(1)当渣土掺量为0时,粉煤灰地聚物试样的28 d抗压强度可达到43.6 MPa,当渣土掺量为100％时,无法合成地聚合物;(2)粉煤灰地聚合物的抗压强度随着渣土掺量的增加而降低;当渣土掺量低于60％时,水化产物中N-A-S-H凝胶的含量随着渣土掺量的增加而降低,而C-S-H凝胶、钙矾石晶体和石膏晶体的含量随着渣土掺量的增加而增加;当渣土掺量高于60％时,水化产物中的C-S-H凝胶、N-A-S-H凝胶、钙矾石晶体和石膏柱状晶体的含量均随着渣土掺量的增加而降低,且抗压强度随着养护龄期的增加而降低.     

力和介质共同作用对环氧胶接接头老化行为的影响

为了考察外加载荷和介质共同作用对环氧胶接接头老化寿命的影响,在常温条件下将环氧胶接接头浸泡在不同介质中,然后固定在拉力机上分别施加500N、1000N、2000N的外加载荷,研究了环氧胶接接头在不同大小载荷和不同介质作用下的老化寿命变化规律.结果表明,所施外加载荷越大其寿命越短;在相同载荷作用下,铝合金环氧接头在介质中的失效时间顺序为:5%氯化钠溶液＜水,而对于钛合金环氧接头在介质中的失效时间顺序为:10%HCl＜10%H2SO4＜10%NaOH(wt).     

基于自适应逆的温度控制系统

介绍了自适应逆控制方案,采用变步长LMS自适应滤波算法,用该算法建立对象的模型、对象逆模型,并设计了自适应逆控制器。将这种控制方案应用到含有大惯性、纯滞后的系统。仿真结果表明,此种方案鲁棒性及动态性能较好。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定鼻炎滴剂中绿原酸的含量

建立测定鼻炎滴剂中绿原酸含量的方法。利用RP-HPLC法,采用DiamonsilTM(钻石)C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水-冰醋酸(25:75:1)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长328nm,用RP-HPLC法测定金银花的活性成分绿原酸,在4.34～30.38μg/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程为:A=263232c 120130,相关系数r=0.9995。绿原酸的平均回收率100.5%(RSD=0.86%,n=3)。方法简便、快速,被测组分与其他组分色谱峰分离良好。     

基于模板法制备两亲性Janus纳米粒子及其应用进展

Janus粒子是同一粒子中含有两种不同化学组成的非对称结构,其中两亲性Janus粒子是在对立面分别含有亲水基、疏水基两种不同化学基团,作为一种新型纳米材料受到广泛的关注。该文综述了模板法制备不对称结构的两亲性Janus粒子以及其应用领域,包括硬模板法、软模板法、牺牲模板法以及无模板法;综述了两亲性Janus粒子在表面活性剂、牙科粘合剂、微胶囊、功能涂层、催化剂以及生物传感器等方面的研究进展。     

Synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent hydrogels composites based on polysuccinimide

A kind of novel superabsorbent hydrogel with high swelling ratio property that could be used for the development of water absorbing resin, soil water retention agent, and chemical sand‐fixing material was synthesized in this study. The hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of polysuccinimide (PSI). The relationships between swelling ratio and volume of solvent as well as the concentration of crosslinking agent were investigated in detail. Several composites, such as starch, carrageenan, and polyacrylamide, were added into hydrogels to enhance the swelling ratio. It was found that the swelling ratio was significantly increased, which the maximum water absorbency was enhanced 2.46 times when the composite polyacrylamide (PAM) was added compared to the control. The effects of ionic strength and sensitivity of pH on hydrogels were also studied. The modified hydrogels products with swelling ratio less sensitivity to the salinity as well as relative high swelling ration in salinity system were also obtained by adding PAM. Through the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations, the crosslinking reaction mechanism and the structure of composite were proposed. In addition, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations showed that some composite materials elevated the physical crosslinked and connected channels density substantially. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 550–557, 2006     

颗粒活性炭的特性参数与吸附性能的关系试验

采用活性炭进行饮用水的深度处理,选择适合原水水质的活性炭至关重要,通过6种不同颗粒活性炭特性参数的测试,对饮用水有机物的吸附试验以及吸附等温线的测定,结果表明:针对颗粒活性炭的筛选,碘值,亚甲蓝值,吸附等温线的KF及斜率1/n值均不能单独作为评价筛选活性炭优劣的指标,而应综合考虑颗粒活性炭的孔径分布与原水中有机物的相对分子质量分布相匹配等。研究还表明:碘值,亚甲蓝值,吸附等温线的KF存在一定的相关性,从颗粒活性炭的特性参数和吸附性能参数可以推测活性炭滤柱试验吸附效果。颗粒活性炭用于饮用水深度处理,能去除水中相对分子质量小的有机物,处理的水量为颗粒活性炭体积的4800倍时,对CODMn的去除率为15%左右。     

药物中间体2-[(2′-氰基联苯-4-基)甲基氨基]-3-硝苯甲酸乙酯的制备

本文介绍了以3-硝基-2-叔丁氧甲酰氨基苯甲酸乙酯为原料，在碱性条件下与4-(2-氰基苯基)-1-溴甲苯发生亲核取代反应制备2-[(2′-氰基联苯-4-基)甲基氨基]-3-硝苯甲酸乙酯的方法，产品经核磁共振验证其结构，产品收率达83％。本合成工艺条件温和，适合工业化生产。     

Evaluation of a haptics-based virtual reality temporal bone simulator for anatomy and surgery training

Introduction

Virtual reality simulation training may improve knowledge of anatomy and surgical skills. We evaluated a 3-dimensional, haptic, virtual reality temporal bone simulator for dissection training.

Methods

The subjects were 7 otolaryngology residents (3 training sessions each) and 7 medical students (1 training session each). The virtual reality temporal bone simulation station included a computer with software that was linked to a force-feedback hand stylus, and the system recorded performance and collisions with vital anatomic structures. Subjects performed virtual reality dissections and completed questionnaires after the training sessions.

Results

Residents and students had favorable responses to most questions of the technology acceptance model (TAM) questionnaire. The average TAM scores were above neutral for residents and medical students in all domains, and the average TAM score for residents was significantly higher for the usefulness domain and lower for the playful domain than students. The average satisfaction questionnaire for residents showed that residents had greater overall satisfaction with cadaver temporal bone dissection training than training with the virtual reality simulator or plastic temporal bone. For medical students, the average comprehension score was significantly increased from before to after training for all anatomic structures. Medical students had significantly more collisions with the dura than residents. The residents had similar mean performance scores after the first and third training sessions for all dissection procedures.

Discussion

The virtual reality temporal bone simulator provided satisfactory training for otolaryngology residents and medical students.