Bi2O3-SiO2系统的相关系和析晶行为的研究进展

本文介绍了Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统的研究进展。首先对该系统的稳定相平衡和亚稳定相平衡进行了综述，然后讨论了该系统中化合物Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０、Ｂｉ４Ｓｉ３Ｏ１２和Ｂｉ２ＳｉＯ５的结构、性能、生长、应用等方面的情况，预计Ｂｉ２ＳｉＯ５将成为一种有前途的新功能晶体。     

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Welding Pool Surface by Binocular Vision

Current research of binocular vision systems mainly need to resolve the camera's intrinsic parameters before the reconstruction of three-dimensional(3D)objects.The classical Zhang'calibration is hardly to calculate all errors caused by perspective distortion and lens distortion.Also,the image-matching algorithm of the binocular vision system still needs to be improved to accelerate the reconstruction speed of welding pool surfaces.In this paper,a preset coordinate system was utilized for camera calibration instead of Zhang'calibration.The binocular vision system was modified to capture images of welding pool surfaces by suppressing the strong arc interference during gas metal arc welding.Combining and improving the algorithms of speeded up robust features,binary robust invariant scalable keypoints,and KAZE,the feature information of points(i.e.,RGB values,pixel coordinates)was extracted as the feature vector of the welding pool surface.Based on the characteristics of the welding images,a mismatch-elimination algorithm was developed to increase the accuracy of image-matching algorithms.The world coordinates of match-ing feature points were calculated to reconstruct the 3D shape of the welding pool surface.The effectiveness and accuracy of the reconstruction of welding pool surfaces were verified by experimental results.This research proposes the development of binocular vision algorithms that can reconstruct the surface of welding pools accurately to realize intelligent welding control systems in the future.     

Effects of Defocus Distance on Three-Beam Laser Internal Coaxial Wire Cladding

Three-beam laser internal coaxial wire feeding cladding is regarded as a promising additive manufacturing technique because it is highly efficient and controllable.In this study,the effects of the defocus distance on cladding using a three-beam laser with internal wire feeding are experimentally and numerically studied.A process map indicating the surface characteristics at different defocus distances with various parameter combinations was developed.The transmission characteristics including laser intensity,beam size,and laser spot distance of the three-beam laser at different defocus distances were analyzed using TracePro software.Based on the TracePro results as heat source,a three-dimensional transient finite element (FE) thermal model was formulated to predict the thermal field,tempera-ture history and molten pool shape at different defocus distances.A molten pool with a flat bottom and low melting depth is generated when the defocus distance is-2.5 mm,whereas when this distance is-1.5 mm,a pool with a valley-shaped bond and high melting depth is formed.The simulated results of the temperature cycle and clad geometry are both validated and found to well agree with experimental measurements.The influence of the defocus distance on the microstructure and microhardness are discussed based on the temperature history and cooling rate.With the increase in the absolute defocus distance,the height and dilution of the clad decreased,whereas the width increased.In addition,the effects of defocus distance with various parameter combinations on clad geometry were explored using the formulated FE model.     

Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau

A series of comparative laboratory-scale experiments were carried out in the Lhasa plateau and the Hefei plain respectively to investigate the characteristics of flame spread over the extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam, a typical thermal insulation material. Flame shape and the temperature profile in solid phase were monitored, and the effects of altitude on the heat transfer process were analyzed. The results show that the temperature rise with time undergoes three stages: the preheating stage, the melting stage and the pyrolysis stage. The durations of the melting and pyrolysis stages on plateau are longer than that in plain, which sequentially results in a lower flame spread rate on plateau. Comparing of the temperature change rate curve on plateau with that in plain, it is found that the peak characteristics of the curves in the pyrolysis stage changed from single peak to multi-peaks, which suggests that the altitude difference might change the pyrolysis mechanisms of XPS material. Moreover, the sample scale effects on flame spread are also explored. Two different regimes are found in flame spread behavior with sample scale at the both altitudes. The spread rate drops with sample scale in convection regime and rises in radiation regime.     

Tunable metamaterial absorber based on resonant strontium titanate artificial atoms

Dynamic control of the absorption frequency and intensity of metamaterial absorbers has attracted considerable attention,and many kinds of tunable metamaterial absorbers have been proposed.Unfortunately,due to the integration of separate resonant unit and tunable unit,these designed metamaterial absorbers suffer from complex structure and low sensitivity.We numerically and experimentally demonstrate a tunable metamaterial absorber composed of artificial dielectric atoms as both resonant and tunable unit arrayed periodically in the background matrix on the metallic plate.Polarization insensitive and wide incident angle absorption band with simulated and experimental absorptivity of 99%and 96%at 9.65 GHz are achieved at room temperature.The absorption frequency can be gradually modulated by temperature,however,the absorption intensity at working frequency remains near unity.The dielectric atoms based tunable metamaterial absorbers with simple structure have potential applications as tempe rature sensors and frequency selective thermal emitters.     

Atomic-scale structural evolution of electrode materials in Li-ion batteries:a review

Owing to the high spatial resolution at the atomic scale,the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)or scanning transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated as a promising characterization method to unveil the charge storage mechanism of electrode materials in Li-ion batteries.The structural evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge process can be directly observed by using TEM.The detailed analysis establishes a relationship between the structure of electrode material and batte...     

Influence of Surface-Active Elements on Fluid Flow of MIG Weldpool

A mathematical model describing the behavior of metal inert gas (MIG) welding isformulated in the paper. By means of numerical simulation, the influence of surface-active elements on fluid flow of MIG weldpool is studied. The calculation resultsshow that by adding surface-active elements, the fluid flow behavior is drasticallychanged and the flow fluid flows from lower to upper in vertical direction at the rearof weldpool (w>0). The physical phenomenon is explained from the viewpoint of fluidflow behavior of weldpool that the properties of weld metal is greatly improved andthe content of diffused hydrogen is reduced, thus providing a basis for developing newwelding materials.     

Removal of ammonium from wastewater using calcium form clinoptilolite

The paper concerns the removal of ammonium ions from aqueous solution using a modified clinoptilolite-Ca(2+)-formed clinoptilolite (CaY) prepared from natural clinoptilolite. The batch study results show that the pH has an effect on ammonium adsorption capacity as it can influence both the character of the exchanging ions and the clinoptilolite itself; the CaY has a high selectivity to NH(4)(+) and the exchange decreases with increasing temperature; ammonium ion uptake onto CaY was suitably described by the Langmuir model. The column results indicated that the effluent of simulated wastewater treated with CaY could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard of China, and CaY can be circulated through regenerating by Ca(OH)(2).     

Prediction and verification of heat capacities for pure ionic liquids

The heat capacity of ionic liquids is an important physical property,and experimental measuring is usually used as a common method to obtain them.Owing to the huge number of ionic liquids that can be potentially synthesized,it is desirable to acquire theoretical predictions.In this work,the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents(COSMO-RS) was used to predict the heat capacity of pure ionic liquids,and an intensive literature survey was conducted for providing a database to verify the prediction of COSMO-RS.The survey shows that the heat capacity is available for 117 ionic liquids at temperatures ranging 77.66-520 K since 2004,and the 4025 data points in total with the values from 76.37 to 1484 J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1) have been reported.The prediction of heat capacity with COSMO-RS can only be conducted at two temperatures(298 and 323 K).The comparison with the experimental data proves the prediction reliability of COSMO-RS,and the average relative deviation(ARD) is 8.54%.Based on the predictions at two temperatures,a linear equation was obtained for each ionic liquid,and the heat capacities at other temperatures were then estimated via interpolation and extrapolation.The acquired heat capacities at other temperatures were then compared with the experimental data,and the ARD is only 9.50%.This evidences that the heat capacity of a pure ionic liquid follows a linear equation within the temperature range of study,and COSMO-RS can be used to predict the heat capacity of ionic liquids reliably.