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为了认识水泥稳定碎石基层的弹黏塑性特性,优化路面结构的设计计算,选用路面常用的骨架密实和悬浮密实2种水泥稳定碎石基层材料,振动压实成型了Φ150×150 mm标准圆柱体试件,应用微机控制万能试验机,设定不同加载速率(0.5,1,1.5,2,4 mm·min-1),进行简单加载、循环加卸载、抗压回弹模量、徐变和松弛等试验,测试试件的应力-应变及其随时间的变化,分析强度、刚度、徐变与松弛等变化规律及加卸载应力-应变特性,研究水泥稳定碎石基层的弹塑性特性,提出改进型本构模型。结果表明:加载速率对试验结果的总体影响小于4.4%(相对误差),且60 min的徐变变形最大为0.03%,14 min的应力松弛最大为6.9%,表明水泥稳定碎石基层的黏性极弱,可以忽略不计;每次加载卸载后均有回弹变形和永久变形出现,反映了水泥稳定碎石基层的弹塑性性质,且服从有应力强化的弹塑性固体模型,可以用广义圣维南模型模拟分析;提出的改进型邓肯-张本构模型数值模拟具有很好的有效性,可以用来分析水泥稳定碎石的应力-应变曲线;0.4σmax(σmax为水稳碎石混合料的破坏强度)对应的割线模量十分接近传统的回弹模量,说明简化的0.4σmax取值法可以用来测试水泥稳定碎石基层的回弹模量;从总体路用技术性能来看,骨架密实型的水泥稳定碎石基层要优于悬浮密实型。 相似文献
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张卫星 《铁路工程造价管理》2008,23(6):36-39
地铁项目建设具有长期性、复杂性等特点,为使地铁项目建设管理达到统一、协调、顺畅的目标,笔者介绍一种以内部资源、外部资源、工程具体特点等作为因果条件,运用因果分析法,从项目建设总体目标开始层层分解,进行各阶段、各专业实施性规划的方法。该方法强调的工作重点是业主在项目管理实施阶段必须做好项目实施规划,并指导后期各阶段过程管理。 相似文献
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基于粘性计算流体力学的方法建立三维数值波浪水池,模拟有限振幅波的传播,并计算三维球体在规则波环境下所受的波浪力。采用两相不可压的RANS方程求解非定常不可压缩粘性流体,并采用流体体积函数(VOF)法对自由面进行动态模拟。通过编写用户自定义函数(UDF)设置边界入口速度和波高,实现在波浪水池尾部1~2倍波长区域消波,最终求出有限振幅波的模拟结果以及规则波中三维球体所受的波浪力,该结果与势流理论边界元法得到的结果在趋势上吻合良好。该研究方法为模拟分析其他海洋结构物在波浪中的水动力奠定基础,丰富与扩展了数值波浪水池的应用。 相似文献
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详细介绍了直径为325 mm、长达142 m的长大管棚施工方案,内容包括长大管棚打设方法、施工工艺、流程、工序、设备、技术要求和施工组织等。所介绍的方案成功应用于实际工程,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益,也为同类工程提供了实践经验。 相似文献
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竞争性谈判采购作为我军装备采购方式之一,在装备采购活动中发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于装备采购特点,分析了竞争性谈判采购的涵义和应用条件,阐述了其优缺点,最后明确了其操作应遵循的原则和基本程序。 相似文献
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Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals
choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options.
This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has
received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has
suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal
theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables.
They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain
information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members
of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated
to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques
might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution
to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced
by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective
car use reduction.
相似文献
Alejandro TudelaEmail: |
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针对传统视频会议系统服务质量较差的问题,提出了一种混合式流媒体分发模型VCStream(video conference stream).模型中,由数据源节点构成一个树状系统,一旦树满,新加入的节点将进入一个备选池,从而备选池中的节点与树的所有叶子节点又构成了一个网状系统.基于该模型,设计了循环缓冲和两阶段调度算法,以优化流媒体数据的传输,达到提高可扩展性和容错性的目的.实验结果表明:与树状分发模型和随机拓扑结构模型相比,所提出的模型减少了10%~20%的传输延时以及新节点的加入时间;鲁棒性也比随机拓扑模型高5%,从而能更好地满足视频会议系统的需要. 相似文献