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991.
Wael Soliman Martin Vinten Birgit Sander Kamell Abd El‐Naser Soliman Sameer Yehya Mohamed Saad Abdel Rahman Michael Larsen 《Acta ophthalmologica. Supplement》2008,86(4):365-371
Purpose: To assess the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and retinal vessel calibres. Methods: We performed a consecutive case series study in which 10 consecutive eyes with diffuse DMO, two of which had not previously been treated, received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1 mg, which was followed by two more injections at 6‐week intervals. Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were carried out at baseline immediately before injection and at 1, 2.5 and 4 months after the first injection. Outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, macular volume, foveal subfield thickness and vessel diameter measurement. Results: Intravitreal administration of bevacizumab was followed by a mean increase in BCVA of 7.3 ± 17 (mean ± standard deviation) letters between baseline and month 4, which was 1 month after the last injection (p < 0.0001). This was accompanied by a reduction in mean macular volume from 9.90 ± 1.9 mm3 to 8.96 ± 2.4 mm3 (p = 0.002) and in foveal subfield thickness from 447 ± 117 μm to 388 ± 117 μm (p = 0.03). Two eyes with early proliferative diabetic retinopathy lost all signs of proliferation without any evidence of fibrosis. Although there was a trend towards vasoconstriction, the changes in vessel diameters (arteries and veins) after 4 months of intravitreal Avastin injection were not statistically significant (p = 0.9 and p = 0.17, respectively). Foveal thickness in non‐injected fellow eyes with DMO changed from 428 ± 153 μm at baseline to 383 ± 151 μm at 4 months (p = 0.1), which did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab 1 mg every 6 weeks was followed by a moderate reduction in DMO without normalization of foveal and macular thickness. Our observations suggest that a larger study where patients are examined sooner after injection is needed to elucidate the potential relationship between changes in retinal vessel diameters and thickness changes in DMO. 相似文献
992.
Ann Abraham Steven M Plakas Leanne J Flewelling Kathleen R El Said Edward L E Jester Hudson R Granade Kevin D White Robert W Dickey 《Toxicon》2008,52(2):237-245
Urine specimens from patients diagnosed with neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) were examined for biomarkers of brevetoxin intoxication. Brevetoxins were concentrated from urine by using solid-phase extraction (SPE), and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Urine extracts were fractionated by LC, and fractions analyzed for brevetoxins by ELISA. In subsequent LC-MS/MS analyses, several brevetoxin metabolites of B-type backbone were identified, with elution profiles consistent with those of ELISA. The more abundant brevetoxin metabolites in urine were characterized structurally by LC-MS/MS. With the exception of BTX-3, brevetoxin metabolites in urine differed from those found in shellfish and in shellfish meal remnants. Proposed structures of these major urinary metabolites are methylsulfoxy BTX-3, 27-epoxy BTX-3, and reduced BTX-B5. BTX-3 was found in all specimens examined. BTX-3 concentrations in urine, as determined by LC-MS/MS, correlated well with composite toxin measurements by ELISA (r(2)=0.96). BTX-3 is a useful biomarker for confirmation of clinical diagnosis of NSP. 相似文献
993.
This study examined whether changes in the levels of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzymes, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)65 and GAD67 and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) in the hypothalamus are correlated with the arrest of pulsatile GnRH release during infancy in the agonadal male monkey. This experiment also provided the opportunity to examine changes in hypothalamic GnRH gene expression during this critical phase of primate development. Male rhesus monkeys were castrated at 1 week of age: four were killed 4-7 weeks after orchidectomy while pulsatile GnRH release was robust as reflected by high circulating LH levels, and four were killed at 12-15 months of age after establishing that pulsatile GnRH release had been arrested. GAD65, GAD67, TGFalpha, and GnRH mRNA levels were estimated using RNase protection assays employing homologous probes and the results were expressed relative to cyclophilin mRNA levels. GnRH peptide was measured by RIA. GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of juveniles were significantly greater than those in neonatal monkeys. On the other hand, hypothalamic TGFalpha and GnRH mRNA (and peptide) levels in agonadal neonate and juvenile monkeys were indistinguishable. These results indicate that the molecular concomitants associated with bringing the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator into check in agonadal neonatal males are not a mirror image of those previously reported at the time this neuronal network is reactivated at puberty when TGFalpha and GnRH gene expression increase and GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA levels remain unchanged. Thus, the neurobiological mechanism that reactivates pulsatile GnRH release at puberty is likely to involve more than a simple reversal of that underlying inhibition of the same network in late infancy. 相似文献
994.
A Lacout M El Hajjam C Julie P Lacombe JP Pelage 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2008,52(6):580-582
We report the case of a patient with a single liver metastasis of a mucinous colonic carcinoma that mimics a haemangioma in T2‐weighted sequences. Although a very high T2 signal in non‐cystic lesions is highly specific for the diagnostic of haemangioma, the use of gadolinium‐enhancement MRI is recommended. In patients with a history of neoplasia, the diagnosis of benign liver nodules should be made with caution. 相似文献
995.
996.
Jamal M. Arif Swapnali S. Sawant Khalid A. El Sayed Muhammad Kunhi Manogaran P. Subramanian Yunus M. Siddiqui Diaa T. A. Youssef Khalid Al-Hussain Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal Fahad Al-Khodairy 《Journal of natural medicines》2007,61(2):154-158
The marine-derived cembranoid sarcophine (1) and its sulfur-containing semisynthetic derivatives (2–6) were evaluated for anticancer potential using cell cycle progression markers. No effect on MCF-7 cell viability or apoptosis
was seen with these derivatives at concentrations of up to 100 μM after 72 h of incubation. At 100 μM, sarcophine and its
derivatives 2–5 arrested the MCF-7 cells in G0/G1 phase, with concomitant decrease in the cell populations at S and G2+M phases. MDA-MB-231
cells were not responsive to any of the derivatives. Our preliminary results suggest that the sulfur-containing derivatives
of sarcophine, especially 2 and 3, show potent and cell-specific antiproliferative activity. 相似文献
997.
Zaheer-Ud-din Babar Nadeem Irfan Bukhari Wasim Sarwar Benny Efendie Rosa Pereira Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed 《Pharmacy World & Science》2007,29(3):101-103
Objectives This paper presents an outcome of pharmacist counseling among Malaysian smokers for their awareness of and willingness to
quit smoking.
Method It was a cross-sectional study during a 3-day public health campaign at a shopping complex. Each self-referred participant
was asked to complete a questionnaire apart from the question regarding improvement, and if any in their awareness and willingness
to quit smoking, were asked to respond after counseling. Pharmacists counseled each participant about smoking cessation strategies
and smoking related diseases. The data were analyzed by χ
2 test.
Results Among respondents, 25.5% had been smoking for more than 10 years, 31% for 5–10 years, 25.4% for 2–5 years and 18.3% for 1–2 years.
The participants declaring no awareness about smoking were 22.9%, with little awareness 44.3%, having moderate awareness 25.7%
and with considerable awareness were 7.1%. After counseling, 4.1% revealed unawareness, 17.8% little awareness, 43.8% moderate
and 34.2% had considerable awareness on the above aspects. The post counseling awareness on smoking was observed to be significantly
higher (P< 0.01). Among smokers studied, 67% showed willingness to quit smoking.
Conclusion Increase in awareness of and willingness to quit smoking reflects that pharmacist counseling seems to be helpful in cessation
of smoking. 相似文献
998.
J. R. Hobbs M. Monteil D. R. McCluskey E. Jurges M. El Tumi 《European journal of pediatrics》1992,151(11):806-810
A boy whose chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) manifested in infancy, and whose elder brother had died at 7 years of age, had phagocytes with complete lack of functional cytochrome B-245 and which could not be induced by interferon gamma to achieve adequate staphylococcal killing. He underwent an elective displacement bone marrow transplant from a volunteer unrelated donor at the age of 8 months. This has achieved 100% replacement of the CGD granulocytes by those of the normal volunteer and the boy has since had a normal childhood for 3 years. Six previous transplants for CGD are briefly reviewed and illustrate that the host abnormal marrow must be completely displaced using an adequate dose of busulphan to ensure 100% stable engraftment of the donor's marrow and that this is best done under elective conditions before septic foci and irreversible organ damage have occurred. Criteria need to be developed to identify early those patients likely to have severe morbidity. 相似文献
999.
El Bushra HE Hassan NM Al-Hamdan NA Al-Jeffri MH Turkistani AM Al-Jumaily A Ali MA Rahama AM 《Epidemiology and infection》2000,125(3):555-560
We studied case-fatality rates (CFRs) among cases of meningococcal disease (MCD) admitted to Makkah (Saudi Arabia) hospitals during the period 1988-97. Of 483 cases, 431 (89.2%) were due to strains of serogroup A, 31 (6.4%) to serogroup W135, 16 (3.3%) to serogroup C, and 5 (10%) to serogroup B. Eighty-one patients died (case fatality rate (CFR)) 16.8%, 95% CI 13.5%, 20.4%). The CFR in infections due to serogroup A strains was 14.8%, and for other serogroups it was 32.7% (95% CI 20.3%, 47.1%). The CFR of MCD due to N. meningitidis serogroup A increased steadily with age (P<0.05). Seeking first medical help at a foreign Hajj medical mission and being treated in a non-specialized hospital were associated with a higher case fatality rate. 相似文献
1000.