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61.
Anita Mohan Bhola N. Dwivedi Enrico Landi 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2000,21(3-4):407-411
Using spectra obtained from the SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) spectrograph on the spacecraft
SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), we investigate the height dependence of electron density, temperature and abundance
anomalies in the solar atmosphere. In particular, we present the behaviour of the solar FIP effect (the abundance enhancement
of elements with first ionization potential < 10 eV in the corona with respect to photospheric values) with height
above an active region observed at the solar limb, with emphasis on the so-called transition region lines. 相似文献
62.
63.
This article presents a novel open source toolbox for street network comparison based on the Sextante geoprocessing framework for the open source Geographic Information System Quantum GIS (QGIS). In the spirit of open science, the toolbox enables researchers worldwide to assess the quality of street networks such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) by calculating key performance indicators commonly used in street network comparison studies. Additionally, we suggest two new performance indicators for turn restriction and one‐way street comparisons specifically aimed at testing street network quality for routing. We demonstrate the use of this toolbox by comparing OSM and the official Austrian reference graph “Graph Integration Platform” (GIP) in the greater Vienna region. 相似文献
64.
The majority of Alpine glaciers are currently receding because of global warming. Their forefields have become interesting sites to study primary microbial colonisation and microbial adaptation. Here, the structure and enzyme activity of microbial communities in exposed rock substrates and their changes in a gradient of temperature and soil moisture conditions within the forefield of the Damma glacier in the Swiss Central Alps are discussed. The temperature at the sites differed in the course of a day and also showed differing mean temperatures over the summer. Distinct bacterial communities inhabit the differing sites at the beginning of the experiment and even after transplantation they stay distinct. But a seasonal shift in the communities could be observed, which followed the same pattern for all the samples. Interestingly, microbial enzyme activity was highest at the site with the smallest temperature shifts. 相似文献
65.
Maser emission from the circumstellar envelopes of four late-type red supergiants has been mapped with milli-arcsecond resolution
using MERLIN1. The wind is driven by radiation pressure on dust and the structure and kinematics of the masing regions reflect
the dust properties. The unbeamed radius of water maser blobs, ∼ 1012 m, has been measured for the first time. The velocity gradient is used to derive the dust absorption coefficient which increases
with radius from ≤ 0.1 to ≤ 1.0 m2 kg−1. Comparison with laboratory studies suggests that small crystalline grains are formed near the star and are annealed into
astronomical silicates at larger distances.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
66.
IDS spectra of the Apollo asteroid 1983TB were obtained at McDonald Observatory on 2 December 1983 UT. These spectra were examined for cometary-type emission and none were found. The reflectance of 1983TB was found to be similar to an S-type asteroid. 相似文献
67.
68.
Manish Mehta Nilton O. Renno John Marshall Anita Sengupta Jasper F. Kok Raymond E. Arvidson Mark T. Lemmon 《Icarus》2011,211(1):172-194
While steady thruster jets caused only modest surface erosion during previous spacecraft landings on the Moon and Mars, the pulsed jets from the Phoenix spacecraft led to extensive alteration of its landing site on the martian arctic, exposed a large fraction of the subsurface water ice under the lander, and led to the discovery of evidence for liquid saline water on Mars. Here we report the discovery of the ‘explosive erosion’ process that led to this extensive erosion. We show that the impingement of supersonic pulsed jets fluidizes porous soils and forms cyclic shock waves which propagate through the soil and produce erosion rates more than an order of magnitude larger than that of other jet-induced processes. The understanding of ‘explosive erosion’ allows the calculation of bulk physical properties of the soils altered by it, provides insight into a new behavior of granular flow at extreme conditions and explains the rapid alteration of the Phoenix landing site’s ground morphology at the northern arctic plains of Mars. 相似文献
69.
Grezio Anita Laura Sandri Warner Marzocchi Andrea Argnani Paolo Gasparini Jacopo Selva 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(1):329-358
The general modular Bayesian procedure is applied to provide a probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) for the Messina Strait Area (MSA), Italy. This is the first study in an Italian area where the potential tsunamigenic events caused by both submarine seismic sources (SSSs) and submarine mass failures (SMFs) are examined in a probabilistic assessment. The SSSs are localized on active faults in MSA as indicated by the instrumental data of the catalogue of the Italian seismicity; the SMFs are spatially identified using their propensity to failure in the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas on the basis of mean slope and mean depth, and using marine geology background knowledge. In both cases the associated probability of occurrence is provided. The run-ups were calculated at key sites that are main cities and/or important sites along the Eastern Sicily and the Southern Calabria coasts where tsunami events were recorded in the past. The posterior probability distribution combines the prior probability and the likelihood calculated in the MSA. The prior probability is based on the physical model of the tsunami process, and the likelihood is based on the historical data collected by the historical catalogues, background knowledge, and marine geological information. The posterior SSSs and SMFs tsunami probabilities are comparable and are combined to produce a final probability for a full PTHA in MSA. 相似文献
70.
Although the oldest volcanic rocks exposed at Pantelleria (Strait of Sicily) are older than 300 ka, most of the island is
covered by the 45–50 ka Green Tuff ignimbrite, thought to be related to the Cinque Denti caldera, and younger lavas and scoria
cones. Pre-50 ka rocks (predominantly rheomorphic ignimbrites) are exposed at isolated sea cliffs, and their stratigraphy
and chronology are not completely resolved. Based on volcanic stratigraphy and K/Ar dating, it has been proposed that the
older La Vecchia caldera is related to ignimbrite Q (114 ka), and that ignimbrites F, D, and Z (106, 94, and 79 ka, respectively)
were erupted after caldera formation. We report here the paleomagnetic directions obtained from 23 sites in ignimbrite P (133 ka)
and four younger ignimbrites, and from an uncorrelated (and loosely dated) welded lithic breccia thought to record a caldera-forming
eruption. The paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field recorded by ignimbrites is used as correlative tool, with an
estimated time resolution in the order of 100 years. We find that ignimbrites D and Z correspond, in good agreement with recent
Ar/Ar ages constraining the D/Z eruption to 87 ka. The welded lithic breccia correlates with a thinner breccia lying just
below ignimbrite P at another locality, implying that collapse of the La Vecchia caldera took place at ~130–160 ka. This caldera
was subsequently buried by ignimbrites P, Q, F, and D/Z. Paleomagnetic data also show that the northern caldera margin underwent
a ~10° west–northwest (outwards) tilting after emplacement of ignimbrite P, possibly recording magma resurgence in the crust. 相似文献