济南城市发展的工程地质适宜性评价研究

根据济南市总体发展规划,针对济南城区和400km^2的规划新区,结合济南地区地质条件和地形、地貌特征,通过对济南地区工程地质特征分析、不良工程地质问题及地质灾害评价,论述了济南地区不同地段的工程地质特点及工程地质性质,利用加权平均值法对工程建设适宜性进行了评价,将济南城区和400km^2的规划新区划分为适宜区、较适宜区、适宜性差区和不适宜建设区四类。根据济南城市规划,划分为中心城区、东部产业带、西部片区、北部片区4个主要功能区,按不同区域工程地质条件对城市规划建设提出了建设建议。     

济南泉域重点地段可视化三维地质模型建立

为深化对济南泉域的认识,运用已有钻孔、地质图、地形图及剖面图等多源地质数据,通过对钻孔数据、地质边界、DEM数据、断层数据以及辅助数据等多源数据进行耦合,对剖面进行CAD设计以完善空间信息,建立了济南泉域钻孔模型、断层模型、层面模型,采用Horizons-to-solids方法实现了实体模型的重构,最终完成了济南保泉三维地质建模。该模型实现了空间信息全方位、一体化显示,刻画了地质对象之间复杂的空间关系,解决了地质空间数据的查询、分析、计算与管理,为济南保泉工作提供了有力的地质依据。     

A Study of the Extratropical Transformation of Typhoon Winnie （1997）

The complicated evolutive process of how a tropical cyclone transforms into an extratropical cyclone is still an unresolved issue to date, especially one which arises in a weakly baroclinic environment. Typhoon Winnie （1997） is studied during its extratropical transformation stage of extratropical transition （ET） with observational data and numerical simulations. Results show that Winnie experienced its extratropical transformation to the south of the subtropical high without intrusion of the mid-latitude baroclinic zone. This is significantly different from previous studies. Analyses reveal that the cold air, which appeared in the north edge of Winnie circulation, resulted from the precipitation drag and cooling effect of latent heat absorption associated with the intense precipitation there. The cooling only happened below 3 km and the greatest cooling was below 1 km. With the cold air and its advection by the circulation of Winnie, a front was formed in the lower troposphere. The front above is related not only to the cooling in the lower level but also to the warming effect of latent heat release in the middle-upper levels. The different temperature variation in the vertical caused the temperature gradient over Winnie and resulted in the baroclinicity.     

黑龙江初夏降水的主模态特征及其前兆海洋信号分析

基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 采用EOF分解、滑动t检验、相关系数等方法对黑龙江省初夏降水及其前兆信号进行了诊断分析。结果表明, 黑龙江全省初夏降水距平的空间分布以总体一致型为主, 此外, 还呈现东西反向型。总体一致型模态时间系数在1993年前后有明显的突变点。分析突变点前后降水主成分与500hPa位势高度、200 hPa纬向风、850 hPa矢量风以及前期海温的关系, 发现在突变前后影响初夏降水的同期主要系统均为东北冷涡和高空西风急流轴, 但冬季(北半球, 下同)澳大利亚周边海温对初夏降水的影响在突变前后存在明显变化。突变前在澳洲西北部, 暖海温造成东亚南高北低环流, 东北冷涡强, 高空急流偏北; 突变后在澳洲东北部, 冷海温导致东亚“+, -, +”波列, 东北冷涡弱, 高空急流偏南。      

四川盆地雷口坡末期古岩溶特征及其对储层的影响——以龙岗地区雷口坡组四~3段为例

四川盆地龙岗地区中三叠统雷口坡组顶部雷四3段发育一套风化壳岩溶型白云岩储层。储层似层状成规模分布。古岩溶作用以表生裸露期风化壳岩溶作用为主,受古地质背景和风化壳岩性组合影响,古岩溶特征主要表现为:溶蚀时间较短,溶蚀作用较弱,充填作用及膏溶作用较强。在研究区内风化壳岩溶作用是影响储层发育的关键因素,它对储层既有建设性作用又有破坏性作用。     

川中雷口坡组四~3亚段地震相分析——应用波形分类技术研究沉积相的实例

在工区面积大、钻井少的情况下开展地震相研究,可以有效绘出沉积相展布图。对四川盆地中部雷口坡组四3亚段利用GS1和YS104两口井进行地震地质标定,建立了膏盐湖、白云岩坪及颗粒滩等几种不同沉积微相的地震响应模式。膏盐湖相表现为强振幅、高连续的地震响应,而颗粒滩及白云岩坪主要表现为中振幅、低连续的地震响应特征。在地质标定基础上,对全区利用波形分类技术开展地震相研究,恢复了古沉积环境,获得了颗粒滩相及白云岩坪的展布图,这些分布区是有利储层的发育区。龙岗—营山—南充—蓬溪一带处于颗粒滩、白云岩坪有利相带,且处于雷四3亚段地层剥蚀线附近,受岩溶改造强烈,储层较为发育,是川中地区的重要勘探对象。     

四川盆地北部孤立台地边缘飞仙关组鲕滩储层特征及成因

对四川盆地北部孤立台地边缘下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩储层的认识尚存诸多分歧,尤其是在储层白云石化、孔隙类型和成因方面。认为构成储层的主要岩性是残余鲕粒泥晶白云岩、残余鲕粒粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩,储集空间以粒间孔和鲕模孔为主。沉积微相、鲕粒矿物成分和早期淡水溶蚀作用是储层形成的主控因素,其中相控是基础,是粒间孔发育的关键,鲕粒矿物成分和早期大气淡水溶蚀是鲕模孔形成的决定因素。回流渗透白云石化作用是白云岩形成的关键,其主要贡献在于增加了岩石强度,抑制压溶和胶结作用,使早期孔隙得以保存。埋藏溶蚀作用有两期,分别与有机酸和TSR产物有关,但埋藏溶蚀只是对原有储集空间的有益改造。     

基于逐时观测的1971—2010年中国大陆雷暴气候特征

目前尚没有研究给出中国大陆长时间序列的小时分辨率雷暴气候特征.基于1971—2010年全国796个国家级基本基准站逐时雷暴观测数据,给出中国逐时雷暴的时、空演变和持续时间等气候分布特征,获得了一些新的事实.中国总体年平均雷暴时数与雷暴日数空间分布形态较为接近,但年平均雷暴日数高值区的青藏高原地区不同,其年平均雷暴时数较...     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部下奥陶统马家沟组沉积特征

依据鄂尔多斯盆地南部早奥陶世古构造、古地理、古水动力以及古气候背景,结合单井、野外露头沉积相分析等认为,秦岭海槽和中央古隆起的存在和演化控制盆地南部马家沟组沉积特征及演化。(1)平面上根据中央古隆起的障壁作用将其分为两大沉积区,西南区和东北区。西南区发育盆地—斜坡—台地边缘相,东北区为障壁潟湖沉积环境;(2)东北区马家沟组由"三云三灰"六段组成,马一、马三、马五段为白云岩、石膏和石盐组成的蒸发岩系,马二、马四、马六段为石灰岩夹白云岩的碳酸盐岩序列,在纵向上构成蒸发岩与碳酸盐岩间互的旋回性沉积。在此基础上进一步建立了马家沟组障壁潟湖沉积模式,该模式具有两个主要特征:(1)中央古隆起作为障壁控制秦岭海与潟湖之间的海水沟通;(2)依据海平面升降旋回将该模式动态地分为三个阶段,即与海侵期相对应的以石灰岩沉积为主的障壁潟湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅰ)、与海退期相对应的以石灰岩夹蒸发岩沉积为主的障壁咸化潟湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅱ)和与低海平面期对应的以膏盐岩沉积为主的障壁膏盐湖沉积阶段(阶段Ⅲ)。     

Distribution and Diurnal Variation of Warm-Season Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall in Relation to the MCSs in China

Short-duration heavy rainfall（SDHR） is a type of severe convective weather that often leads to substantial losses of property and life. We derive the spatiotemporal distribution and diurnal variation of SDHR over China during the warm season（April–September） from quality-controlled hourly raingauge data taken at 876 stations for 19 yr（1991–2009）, in comparison with the diurnal features of the mesoscale convective systems（MCSs） derived from satellite data. The results are as follows. 1） Spatial distributions of the frequency of SDHR events with hourly rainfall greater than 10–40 mm are very similar to the distribution of heavy rainfall（daily rainfall 50 mm） over mainland China. 2） SDHR occurs most frequently in South China such as southern Yunnan, Guizhou, and Jiangxi provinces, the Sichuan basin, and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, among others. Some SDHR events with hourly rainfall 50 mm also occur in northern China, e.g., the western Xinjiang and central-eastern Inner Mongolia. The heaviest hourly rainfall is observed over the Hainan Island with the amount reaching over 180 mm. 3） The frequency of the SDHR events is the highest in July, followed by August. Analysis of pentad variations in SDHR reveals that SDHR events are intermittent, with the fourth pentad of July the most active. The frequency of SDHR over mainland China increases slowly with the advent of the East Asian summer monsoon, but decreases rapidly with its withdrawal. 4） The diurnal peak of the SDHR activity occurs in the later afternoon（1600–1700 Beijing Time（BT））, and the secondary peak occurs after midnight（0100–0200 BT） and in the early morning（0700–0800 BT）; whereas the diurnal minimum occurs around late morning till noon（1000–1300 BT）. 5） The diurnal variation of SDHR exhibits generally consistent features with that of the MCSs in China, but the active periods and propagation of SDHR and MCSs difer in diferent regions. The number and duration of local maxima in the diurnal cycles of SDHR and MCSs also vary by region, with single, double, and even multiple peaks in some cases. These variations may be associated with the diferences in large-scale atmospheric circulation, surface conditions, and land-sea distribution.