德州市地面沉降成因及防治对策浅析

通过对德州市地面沉降现状及成因综合分析,得出德州市地面沉降的主要原因是长期超采深层地下水,造成承压水位降低,含水层本身及其上、下相对隔水层中孔隙水压力减小,地层压缩导致地面发生沉降;构造因素、工程地质因素是地面沉降的次要原因。德州市已经制定规划,控制深层地下水的开采,还应利用封停的深水井进行深层地下水人工回灌工作,才能控制地面沉降的进一步发展。     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF MANGANESE NODULES IN THE NORTHERN CENTRAL PACIFIC

The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in manganese nodules and associated pelagic sediment from the Northern Central Pacific have been measured, and the correlations between the elements of the nodules and between the chemical composition and the sedimentary environments have been analyzed. It has been found that Cu, Ni and Zn are preferentially enriched in the Mn-oxide phases while Co and Pb in the Fe-oxide phases of the nodules. The elements within the same phase are positively correlated and the elements within different phases are negatively correlated. It is concluded that the elements in the Fe-oxide phase may have directly deposited from seawater while Mn-oxide phase elements are mainly derived from interstitial waters.     

A KINETIC STUDY OF THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM FROM SEA WATER BY HYDROUS TITANIUM OXIDE-MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF ADSORPTION

The measurement of the activation energy is an important part of the kinetic study ofuranium-uptaking on Hydrous Titanium Oxide (HTO) from sea water. But the kineticproblem of this process still remains in the exploratory stage, and its measurement ofadsorption activation energy is difficult due to the complexity of sea water system and itslow level of uranium concentration (3 μg U/l). In this paper we propose a methodof measurement of adsorption activation energy which is a simple approximation andcan be directly applicable to natural sea water, according to Langmuir's theory with somesimplified treatment.     

厦门篔筜湖疏浚沉积物对海水中铅铜镉吸附的动力学

为了解疏浚沉积物倾弃入海洋后的化学行为,本文研究了在海水中已达溶出平衡的篔筜湖疏浚沉积物,对再外加入的Pb,Cu,Cd的吸附行为,给出了吸附动力学数据,并用作者先前提出的重金属固液界面吸附动力学模式作了理论处理。     

台湾海峡西部海域沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征

台湾海峡西部海域表层沉积物中重金属含量与未污染近岸沉积物的平均含量相当,基本上未受污染。各重金属含量具有沿东北至西南方向递减的分布趋势。沉积物中微量金属的含量明显地受Fe-Mn 氧化物和有机质的含量所控制。福建沿海主要港湾沉积物中Pb、Zn 含量偏高,微量金属含量不受Fe-Mn 氧化物和有机质控制,构成本地区沉积物的两种区域性特征。     

厦门东渡港疏浚沉积物的吸附和溶出研究

海洋沉积物中金属的溶出和吸附的研究对了解金属在海洋中的行为和污染问题,有重要的意义。本文从动力学角度研究了厦门东渡港疏浚沉积物中重金属的溶出和富集,考察了沉积物—海水间重金属的交换作用。     

福建龙海滩涂沉积物中重金属含量的分布

用1984年采集的福建龙海县滩涂区的样品,测定了沉积物及其酸可溶部分Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,Co和Ni的含量,报道了它们的分布,分析了它们与Fe-Mn氧化物和有机质之间的相互关系,建立了相应的复相关式。     

九龙江口沉积物中腐殖酸对金属的作用

从现场采集的表层沉积物中提取腐殖酸,测定其腐殖酸结合态中及沉积相、稀酸可溶相中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Co,Ni,Fe,Mn的含量和间隙水中的Cd,Cu,Pb含量;进行了腐殖酸与金属间络合反应的模拟研究,测定其络合反应与pH和腐殖酸浓度间的关系;统计了沉积物中有机质与金属含量间的相互关系。     

厦门西港表层沉积物的化学特征

本文根据1990年厦门西港重要站点的表层沉积物中的重金属(Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg)、有机污染物(总有机碳、石油、DDT、666)和磷(无机磷、有机磷和总磷)等测定资料,讨论了它们的地球化学性质及环境影响。结果表明,沉积物中Pb和Zn含量明显偏高,Pb、cu含量与1983年相比已有一定积累,也产生了有机污染现象。     

九龙江口磷的界面分配和转移

１９９２年８月航次调查结果表明，九龙江口水体中磷的迁移呈保守行为，ＴＰ和ＰＰ含量随着海水盐度的降低呈增加趋势，ＤＰ含量刚好相反；Ｓ〈１５的低盐区，盐度对磷迁移的影响比较显著。