当前硝酸钾行业存在的主要问题

业内有关专家指出 ,目前 ,我国硝酸钾行业存在的主要问题是 :①硝酸型资源缺乏 ,目前我国仅在罗布泊附近发现有少量的硝酸盐型钾矿存在 ,但储量极其有限 ,大规模工业化开采价值不大 ;②生产规模小 ,成本高、不经济 ,国内最大生产装置的生产能力仅为 1万ｔ/ａ,而世界转化法生产硝酸钾的经济规模都在 1 0万ｔ/ａ以上 ;③没有合适的生产方法 ,目前我国硝酸钾生产多以硝酸纳、硝酸铵为原料同氯化钾复分解或离子交换 ,副产品价值低 ,国际市场竞争力差。专家建议今后我国硝酸钾行业应向以下几方面发展 :①积极寻找硝酸盐型钾矿 ;②同国外合作 ,在…     

美国专家预测能源领域新趋势

美国能源专家预测2010年前对经济影响最大的能源领域革新如下： 　　(1)能源工业结构的转变：使用天然气和电的设施之间的此消彼长会继续。石油公司将变成能源公司，在可动和静态能源两个市场展开竞争。 　　(2)使用混合能源的运输工具将在下个十年有所发展。不过完全转型需要数十年时间。 　　(3)精巧的能源管理体系在提高管路、炼油厂、电厂和传输线路的效率方面将起举足轻重的作用。 　　(4)将通过微型透平，内燃机和燃料电池实现分散发电。由于清洁和价廉易得，天然气的使用将会增加。 　　(5)由气体转化为液体的技术将提供令人振奋的、经济上十分有吸引力的机会，将原本会浪费掉的来自遥远地方的天然气很轻易地转化为易于运输的清洁燃料。据Hydrocabon Processing 2000,79(9)：31     

Increasing Liquid Yield and Diesel Fraction in Delayed Coking Process： Mechanism of Liquid Formation

The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.     

高新环保陶瓷过滤器研制成功

南京兰灵陶瓷制造有限公司在新品开发过程中采用新型陶瓷材料研制成功一种能重复使用的纯物理性过滤介质 ,其过滤原理 :流体通过滤层 ,流体中悬浮的物质被分离在过滤介质的表面上产生物理吸附并发生沉聚 ,流体中的异物被除去而变得洁净 ,陶瓷过滤器具有良好的耐腐蚀性 ,耐酸碱 >95 % ,耐高温性及较大的刚性 ,达2 0ＭＰａ ,气孔分布均匀 ,气孔率达 40 %～ 5 5 % ,去污净化效果好 ,是目前市场上技术含量高的绿色环保产品 ,具有良好的实用价值 ,经济价值和社会效益。高新环保陶瓷过滤器研制成功@杨丽$南京兰灵陶瓷制造有限公司…     

HEURISTIC MODELING FOR A DYNAMIC AND GOAL PROGRAMMING IN PRODUCTION PLANNING OF CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

At the first sight it seems that advanced operation research is not used enough in continuous production systems as comparison with mass production, batch production and job shop systems, but really in a comprehensive evaluation the advanced operation research techniques can be used in continuous production systems in developing countries very widely, because of initial inadequate plant layout, stage by stage development of production lines, the purchase of second hand machineries from various countries, plurality of customers. A case of production system planning is proposed for a chemical company in which the above mentioned conditions are almost presented. The goals and constraints in this issue are as follows: ① Minimizing deviation of customer's requirements. ② Maximizing the profit. ③ Minimizing the frequencies of changes in formula production. ④ Minimizing the inventory of final products. ⑤ Balancing the production sections with regard to rate in production. ⑥ Limitation in inventory of raw material. The present situation is in such a way that various techniques such as goal programming, linear programming and dynamic programming can be used. But dynamic production programming issues are divided into two categories, at first one with limitation in production capacity and another with unlimited production capacity. For the first category, a systematic and acceptable solution has not been presented yet. Therefore an innovative method is used to convert the dynamic situation to a zero- one model. At last this issue is changed to a goal programming model with non-linear limitations with the use of GRG algorithm and that's how it is solved.     

一种碳纤维表面处理的方法

本发明的碳纤维表面处理方法是将碳纤维表面浸润一层由涂层有机物质和有机溶剂配制的涂层溶液，然后进行溶剂干燥，将挥发溶剂后的涂层纤维在100—1 000℃下气相氧化10s—10min。本发明采用液相涂层和气相氧化相结合的方法对碳纤维的表面进行改性处理，使工艺过程大为简化、操作方便、无污染。改性处理后的碳纤维自身强度及复合材料的层问剪切强度(ILSS)均有较大幅度的提高。专利申请号：961 02154；公开号：1157354