曲阜柴山水泥用灰岩矿地质特征及矿床成因

柴山水泥用灰岩矿矿床位于山东省曲阜市,矿床赋存于寒武纪九龙群张夏组地层中,区内断裂构造较发育,岩浆岩不发育。矿层分布于张夏组下灰岩段、薄层灰岩段和上灰岩段;矿石组分主要为方解石,矿石结构有鲕粒结构、生物碎屑结构、藻屑结构和内碎屑结构等;矿石构造主要有块状构造、云斑构造、叠层状构造等。矿石主要有用组分为CaO,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3,SiO_2;主要有害组分为MgO,K_2O,Na_2O,fSiO_2,SO_3,Cl~-;矿床平均化学组分CaO:52.02%,MgO:1.31%,矿石质量优良,Ⅰ级品矿石约占矿石总量的99.29%;矿层大部分裸露地表,底板为寒武纪长清群馒头组洪河段砂质灰岩、钙质砂岩等。矿床属海相化学沉积型矿床,矿层产状与地层产状一致,其产出部位明显受地层层位的控制。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床中新世埃达克岩特征

埃达克岩与Gu、Au等金属元素的富集关系密切,并对深部造山构造作用具有重要的指示意义。受到碰撞造山作用,在西藏地区发育了一条成矿潜力巨大的斑岩铜矿带,甲玛铜多金属矿床就位于该铜矿带的东段。对甲玛矿床中酸性侵入岩进行地球化学测试分析,结果显示:SiO_2(≥56%)、高Al_2O_3(≥15%)、低MgO(3%),Na_2O含量大于2.3%,K_2O含量大于2.1%,K_2O/Na_2O为0.6~1.2;稀土元素和微量元素结果显示高Sr(400×10~(-6)),低Yb(1.9×10-6)、低Y(15×10~(-6)),LREE富集,HREE亏损,无负Eu异常,具有埃达克岩地球化学特征,属于C型埃达克岩,为加厚下地壳或上地幔物质部分熔融所形成。     

粤北下庄矿田仙石铀矿床沥青铀矿电子探针化学年龄及其地质意义

华南晚中生代以来多期铀成矿与岩石圈伸展事件基本对应,高精度的铀成矿年代学测定有利于进一步明确两者的关系。下庄矿田以发育众多与辉绿岩脉有关的"交点型"热液铀矿床为特色,是华南代表性铀矿田之一。选择下庄矿田仙石铀矿床这一典型的"交点型"铀矿床为研究对象,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对铀矿化特征进行了详细的岩相学观察,并采用电子探针分析计算了沥青铀矿U-Th-~(total)Pb化学年龄。结果表明:仙石铀矿床铀矿化与碳酸盐脉共生,可分为角砾状、脉状两期矿化;沥青铀矿主要化学组成为UO_2、PbO、CaO、SiO_2、Na_2O、Al_2O_3,且SiO_2与PbO含量、Na_2O与PbO含量、Na_2O与Al_2O_3含量、Na_2O与CaO含量、PbO与Al_2O_3含量、PbO与CaO含量、Al_2O_3与CaO含量之间相关系数都小于0.5,反映了沥青铀矿形成之后受改造作用弱,铀矿物U-Th-~(total)Pb体系相对封闭;采用电子探针U-Th-~(total)Pb化学定年法计算,矿化年龄可分为两组,加权平均年龄分别为(123.3±4.5)和(84.1±3.2)Ma,分别对应于角砾状、脉状两期铀矿化。综合前人定年结果,认为仙石铀矿床主要铀成矿作用与华南岩石圈伸展事件具有较好对应关系。下庄矿田乃至华南地区的主要铀成矿作用可能与古太平洋板块俯冲的地球动力学背景有关。     

新疆西天山备战铁矿床硅质岩的发现及其地质意义

新疆西天山备战铁矿床出露下石炭统大哈拉军山组第三亚组火山岩和沉积岩,剖面测量和岩相学研究发现其中还发育硅质岩,呈层状、似层状分布于灰岩、英安岩和凝灰岩中。硅质岩主要由玉髓和微粒石英组成,岩石具微晶结构、块状构造和层理构造。硅质岩SiO_2含量(质量分数,下同)(67.26%～83.52%)、Al_2O_3含量(5.85%～15.88%)和TiO_2含量(0.30%～0.68%)较高,且Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值较高(0.89～0.99),而K_2O含量(0.27%～4.09%)和P_2O_5含量(0.06%～0.12%)较低,且MnO/TiO_2值较低(0.02～0.13),稀土元素总含量较高((11.32～119.14)×10~(-6)),球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式为右倾型。岩相学和岩石地球化学特征表明,备战铁矿区硅质岩为火山沉积成因,硅质主要来源于海底火山喷发,有少量陆源碎屑物质加入,硅质岩形成于大陆边缘环境,其沉积环境为浅海、弱碱性、氧化环境,有利于磁铁矿的形成。综上所述,备战铁矿区硅质岩的发现对确定备战铁矿床的成矿构造背景、形成环境及成因具有重要的指示意义。     

广西崇左市江州区土壤中硒元素的物质来源与控制因素分析

文章针对广西崇左市江州区土壤中硒元素物质来源与控制因素进行探讨,发现该区土壤中硒元素主要来源于碳酸盐岩母质和动植物的次生富集,土壤中硒元素在迁移过程中以表生次生富集作用为主,土壤中硒元素与pH值、MgO、K_2O、SiO_2呈显著负相关关系,与有机质呈正相关关系。     

广西花岗岩类锡钨地球化学及成矿特征

广西花岗岩类较发育,出露面积二万多平方公里,按侵入时代可划分为四堡期、雪峰期、加里东期、海西期、印支期、燕山期。锡钨花岗岩见于雪峰期、加里东期、海西期、燕山期。其主要特点是:①绝大多数含矿岩体岩性为二长花岗岩;②岩石化学表现出高硅,SiO_2多在71.60—76.06％。高碱,Na_2O+K_20多在7.50—8.40％。铝过饱和,Al_2O_3/(Na_2O+K_2O+CaO—3.3P_2O_5)(克分子数)在1.00—1.50;③分异指数     

秦南凹陷石东陡坡带沙一段陆相混积岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

为揭示渤海湾盆地秦南凹陷石东陡坡带秦皇岛29-A构造沙河街组一段陆相混积岩的形成条件和发育规律,在对混积岩岩石学分析基础上,利用元素地球化学方法,研究秦皇岛29-A构造地球化学特征、沉积环境和物源类型。结果表明:该构造B、Sr/Ba、Sr/Cu和Th/U等元素地球化学指标反映混积岩发育于干旱气候条件下的半咸水弱氧化沉积环境;为Ti/Zr、Cr/Zr低,LREE富集,HREE亏损的稀土元素配分模式,反映陆源碎屑以中酸性火成岩为主;MgO、CaO与SiO_2质量分数呈明显的负相关关系,揭示碳酸盐发育明显受陆源碎屑输入量控制,碳酸盐组分发育于陆源碎屑供给的间歇期;δEu正异常和较高的包裹体均一温度揭示它受到热液改造作用。研究区混积岩是以酸性火山岩为母岩的扇三角洲在陆源碎屑供给间歇期、于水体咸化浓缩蒸发环境下形成的,并且后期受到深部热液改造作用。     

辽宁省三股流花岗岩地质特征及成因探讨

三股流花岗岩呈椭圆形出露在前震旦系结晶基底中。岩体中捕虏体甚多,接触交代作用不明显。花岗质岩石具似斑状结构,钾长石斑晶分布极不均匀。副矿物类型为榍石型。岩体的氧化系数小。岩石化学成分Al_2O_3/(Na_2O+K_2O+CaO′)为1.01,A.R.为2.51,(Na_2O+K_2O)/Al_2O_3为0.51,为钙碱性花岗岩。据岩体的岩石化学,矿物特征,以及岩体与岩石的稀土配分、锶同位素~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值、δ~(34)S组成范围应属重熔型花岗岩。在岩体周边形成的金矿和金矿化点,显然其成矿与三股流岩体有关。     

东昆仑东段早泥盆世花岗岩成因:来自龙漠卡岩体的证据

龙漠卡岩体位于东昆仑造山带东段昆北构造带都兰—沟里一带。通过龙漠卡岩体锆石UPb定年、全岩地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究,对岩体成因及其动力学背景进行探讨。结果表明:龙漠卡岩体主要为花岗闪长岩,其锆石206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(409±2)Ma,属于早泥盆世早期侵入体;全岩SiO_2含量(质量分数,下同)为66.25%~69.61%,具有较高的Al_2O_3、Na_2O含量和较低的K_2O、MgO、CaO含量,相对富Na,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.04~1.19,属于过铝质,具有Ⅰ型花岗岩特征;花岗闪长岩稀土元素总含量较低,轻、重稀土元素分异不明显,相对富集Rb、Ba、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素,具有较高的w(Sr)/w(Y)值(56.9~80.8)和Eu正异常,显示出与埃达克岩相似的地球化学特征;εHf(t)为5.6~11.7,地壳二阶段Hf模式年龄为659~867 Ma,表明其可能为幔源物质上隆诱发新生玄武质下地壳部分熔融的产物;东昆仑造山带在早泥盆世可能处于后碰撞伸展构造环境。     

方城维摩寺—南召崔庄一带的变质碱性火山岩

分布在方城县维摩寺、南召云阳鹿呜山、崔庄一带的变质碱性火山岩呈北西、南东向带状展布,长约80公里,宽3—7公里.前人将它定为磁铁花岗斑岩,笔者于1978年进行野外检查,确定其为变质碱性火山岩。该变质碱性火山岩与元古代白云质大理岩呈整合接触关系,夹多层石墨云母片岩、大理岩,并夹有同质火山碎屑岩。主要熔岩岩性为石英粗面岩,粗面岩、熔岩虽经区域变质作用改造,但流状、杏仁状构造、柱粒、粗面霏细、斑状等原生结构仍不同程度地保存下来,主要矿物成分:徽斜长石40—60％,石英10—15％,白云母5—20％,钠长石少量—20％。岩石化学成分:SiO_2:63.43—71.52％,K_2O Na_2O:8.50—13.21％,AI_2O_3:10.73—16.14％,SiO_2高Al_2O_3低者系硅化所致,K_2O/Na_2O由1.6—33.7,岩石中Nb含量较高由100—500PPm。变质碱性火山岩的厘定,对进一步解决该地区以及西延栾川地区的地层对比、构造性质、矿产普查有一定意义。     

GEOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Fe,Mn,Co,As,Cr,Sb,Zn,Sc AND V IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM JIAOZHOU BAY

The contents of nearly forty-elements in surface sediments in Jiaozhou Bay were determined using a Neutron Activation Analysis Technique(Grancini,et al.,1976;Li Peiquan et al.,1985,1986;Li Xiuxia etal.,1986).This paper's detailed discussion on only nine elements(Fe,Mn,Co,Cr,Sc,As,Sb,Zn andV)includes their distributions,concentrations,correlationships,material sources,background,etc.Based on Zavaristski's classification method,Fe,Mn,Co Cr and V belong to the second group;As and Sb to theeighth groups:Sc and Zn to the third and sixth groups.It was found that their notably good correla-tionship is mainly due to the similarity of their ionic structures and that their variation is controlled by theFe content(except Mn).The source of sediments is mainly terristrial material,and the composition ofsediment is similar to that of shale and shale+clay.The contents for a large number of ele-ments are within the scope of the background level,but there still is pollution of Zn and Cr,at least in a few stations.     

氟、氯、溴、碘等卤族元素与人体健康的关系

卤族元素是人体的必需元素,正常情况下成人摄入量不超过F4 mg/d、C11.7～5.1g/d、I 100～200μg/d;少年不超过F 3 mg/d,儿童I1μg/kg-d,婴儿Cl0.3～1.2 g/d.过量摄入或缺乏卤族元素,都可能导致疾病的发生.而F含量0.5～1.0mg/L、C1＜50mg/L、Br＞100μg/L、I 10～100μg/L的饮用地下水,有利于人体健康.     

Controlling mechanisms for the trace metals, (Cu,Zn, Cd,Fe, Co and Ni) in anoxic sea water in Saanich Inlet,British Columbia,Canada

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawater. Data on the concentration of these trace metals and H₂S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruises. Equilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and/or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S₄) ₂ ³⁻ and Cu(Sn₄S₅)³⁻, Zn(HS) ₂ ⁰ and ZnHS ₂ ⁻ , Cd(HS) ₂ ⁰ and Ni(HS) ₂ ⁰ , respectively. The solid species controlling Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H₂S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H₂S−O₂-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new species of trace metals are still in the processes of reduction and precipitation. Contribution No. 1428 from Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Effects of small peptides,probiotics, prebiotics,and synbiotics on growth performance,digestive enzymes,and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides,juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.     

Growth,reproduction & population structure of the freshwater crabSinopotamon yangtsekiense bott, 1967, from Zhejiang,China

Monthly investigations were mae on the population of Chinese freshwater crab,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to March, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occurred from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June–October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June–August, and crabs with young were found from July–October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-born crabs become mature after 1–2 years. The sex ratio was approximately 1∶1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution ofS. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs (over 70%) from June to October and more immature crabs (over 50%) from November to May.     

气、水、岩、生、人相互作用及其环境效应

这里所指示的大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、生物圈以及人类的作用千变万化,从而对人类的生存造成巨大影响,构成了一个复杂的生态环境,讨论这些问题,对人类生存至关重要。     

CONTROLLING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACE METALS,(Cu,Zn, Cd, Fe, Co AND Ni) IN ANOXIC SEA WATER IN SAANICH INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

A study was conducted on Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni levels in Saanich Inlet anoxic seawaler. Data on the concentrations of these trace metals and H2S, and other oceanographic parameters were obtained in four cruisesEquilibrium models are presented together with in situ data. The" results strongly support the assumption that the solubilities of Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co and Ni are controlled by bisulfide and /or polysulfide complexes. The species of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni are shown to be Cu(S4)23- and Cu(S4S5)3-, Zn(HS)20 and ZnHS2-, Cd(HS)20 and Ni(HS)20 respectively. The solid species controlling Fe2 + and Co2+ are respectively the pyrohotites FeS and CoS. The data illustrates that thermodynamic equilibrium has been established in the H2S-controlled seawater of Saanich Inlet, and that equilibrium has not been established in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater of Saanich Inlet. The lack of equilibrium in the H2S-O2-coexisted seawater is a result of the flushing or mixing of oxygenated seawater with anoxic water. The new s     

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION & POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE FRESHWATER CRAB SINOPOTAMON YANG TSEKIENSE BOTT, 1967, FROM ZHEJIANG, CHINA

Monthly investigatiom were made on the population of Chinese freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangteskiense Bott, 1967 from April, 1984 to Match, 1985. The data on 4413 specimens show that the growth was affected mainly by temperature. During the April to November growth period, the crabs' major development occured from June through October. One year was required for a fine white oocyte to develop into a mature egg. The reproduction period was June-October. Females bearing eggs were taken from June-August, and crabs with young were found from July-October. The females reproduced once a year but could for more than one year. The number of eggs carried by a female varied greatly according to the size of the crab, ranging from 30 to 100 eggs. New-bom crabs become mature after 1-2 yeats. The sex ratio was approximately 1:1 in the overall population. However, the larger crabs are predominantly male. The age distribution of S. yangtsekinese was estimated from size frequency histograms. There were more adult crabs     

石漠化的成因机理与防治对策

从石漠化的研究现状出发,依据我国西南岩溶石山地区石漠化特征,着重分析其主要控制介质为岩性、构造、地貌、气候、岩溶、地下水、植被等自然介质因子与森林砍伐、高坡开垦等人为介质因子.石漠化是以岩溶山区脆弱的岩溶生态环境为基础,以内、外地质作用和人类恶性生态地质作用为驱动力,以资源退化和恶化为本质,基岩不断裸露,生态环境不断恶化,周而复始的恶性循环过程.提出对石漠化的研究重点是成因机理研究,对石漠化的防治应着重于对石漠化的驱动力及其主导因子的防治,阐述了治山必须先治水等防治对策与建议.