π/4-DQPSK调制系统的差分解调信息容量近似分析与计算

从Shannon信息理论的角度对π/4-DQPSK的差分检测（非相干检测）系统的信息容量限进行了讨论,并且采用熵估计的数值方法计算出了系统的可达信息速率,给出了分别以Es/N0和Eb/N0为横坐标的容量曲线图,从而从信道容量的角度解释了π/4-DQPSK差分检测的门限效应,并给出门限值.容量曲线表明,在信噪比低于该门限值时,即使降低系统谱效率,也不会使系统性能提高.     

水体中NH3-N对建鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响

用 0 .1、0 .5、1.0、2 .0和 5.0 mg/ L NH3- N分别刺激建鲤 10 d和 2 0 d后 ,测定了建鲤非特异性免疫指标 ,估测不同浓度的 NH3- N对建鲤非特异性免疫指标的影响。 0 .1、0 .5mg/ L的 NH3- N对建鲤NBT阳性细胞、溶菌酶活性无影响 ,1.0 mg/ L的 NH3- N可使 NBT阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活性降低 ,而2 .0和 5.0 mg/ L则使 NBT阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活性显著下降 ( P<0 .0 5)。这些结果表明水体中 0 .1、0 .5mg/ L的 NH3- N对建鲤非特异性免疫功能无影响 ,1.0 mg/ L的 NH3- N略有影响 ,而 2 .0和 5.0mg/ L的 NH3- N则明显降低了建鲤的非特异性免疫功能     

云南地区现今地壳水平运动与变形特征

利用云南地区 1999、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 1年共 10 0余个测站的GPS资料 ,获得了该区现今水平运动与形变的特征图像。研究结果认为 :①根据变形与运动特征 ,云南地区可划分为 4个运动单元 ,即滇西地区、滇东地区、滇中东北地区和滇中西南地区 ;剔除整体运动后 ,它们的优势水平运动分别为 :滇西地区以 5 .2± 0 .6mm/a向W 31°N运动 ,滇东地区以 4 .8± 1.8mm/a向E2 6°N运动 ,滇中东北地区以 5 .2± 0 .6mm/a向S4 4°E运动 ,滇中西南地区则基本不动。②相邻单元的平均差异运动分别为 :滇西地区相对滇中东北地区的运动为 10 .9± 1.1mm/a ,方向为W 39°N(张性右旋 ) ,相对滇中西南地区的运动为 5 .3± 1.3mm/a ,方向为W 4 1°N(右旋 ) ;滇中东北地区相对滇中西南地区的运动为 5 .6± 1.6mm/a ,方向为E36°S(左旋 ) ;滇东地区相对滇中东北地区的运动为 6 .2± 1.6mm/a ,方向为N3°E(左旋 )。③从断裂走滑活动看 ,红河断裂两侧的差异运动并不是由红河断裂的活动所形成的 ,而是在很广阔的空间上自西向东渐变而成的 ,跨距达数百km ;小江断裂两侧的差异运动也非完全是小江断裂本身的活动 ,差异运动的渐变空间至少在 6 0km以上。④云南地区的地壳运动方式可能是“断块活动”和“连续变形”的组合 ,或许“连续变形”     

Decomposition of the unsteady wave patterns for Bessho form translating-pulsating source green function

In order to interpret the physical feature of Bessho form translating-pulsating source Green function, the phase function is extracted from the integral representation and stationary-phase analysis is carried out in this paper. The complex characteristics of the integral variable and segmentation of the integral intervals are discussed in m complex plane. In θ space, the interval [-π/2+φ,-π/2+φ-iε] is dominant in the near-field flow, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the real intervals in m space and the unsteady wave patterns in far field. If 4τ1(τ is the Brard number), there are three kinds of propagation wave patterns such as ring-fan wave pattern, fan wave pattern and inner V wave pattern, and if 04τ1, a ring wave pattern, an outer V and inner V wave pattern are presented in far field. The ring-fan or ring wave pattern corresponds to the interval [-π+α,-π/2+φ] for integral terms about k2, and the fan or outer V wave pattern and inner V wave pattern correspond to [-π+α,-π/2) and(-π/2,-π/2+φ] respectively for terms about k1. Numerical result shows that it is beneficial to decompose the unsteady wave patterns under the condition of τ≠0 by converting the integral variable θ to m. In addition, the constant-phase curve equations are derived when the source is performing only pulsating or translating.     

GPS/BDS混合双差分RTK定位方法及结果分析

提出一种单/双频GPS/BDS双系统融合的混合双差分RTK处理办法,推导出GPS/BDS混合双差分模型,并给出模型中不同系统观测值之间的时延偏差不一致、观测频率不一致问题的解决方法。与目前的标准双差方法相比,混合双差方法增加了一颗卫星的观测方程,其观测信息利用更为充分。推导结果表明,当截止高度角为50°时,对于单/双频RTK,模糊度固定正确率分别从47.96%和82.16%提高到61.86%和85.75%,同时模糊度固定的错误拒绝率分别从56.23%和7.46%降低到43.61%和1.85%。     

基于运动检测的飞行区车辆差分北斗/SINS组合导航

针对机场飞行区车载差分北斗/SINS组合导航系统中卫星信号衰弱、断续和中断时引起导航系统精度降低的问题,提出一种基于运动检测的高精度组合导航方法。该方法基于运动检测的差分北斗/SINS组合导航系统框架,根据车辆运动的特性,利用零速修正与动态零速修正相结合的模式来约束SINS误差;建立系统误差最优估计状态方程和量测方程,并结合惯性测量单元输出的陀螺和加速度计信息以及SINS输出速度来实现车辆运动状态的检测;最后通过车载实验验证该方法的可行性。结果表明,卫星信号有效时,差分北斗/SINS组合导航定位精度优于1 m;相比于传统运动学约束技术,2.5 km信号中断场景下,组合导航系统的经度误差最大值由5.21 m减小为1.35 m。     

Responses of CH4 emissions to nitrogen addition and Spartina alterniflora invasion in Minjiang River estuary,southeast of China

The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（m2.yr）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.     

野生二粒小麦 Triticum dicoccoides抗杀锈病基因 YrH52分子定位的初步研究(英文)

主要对以色列野生二粒小麦赫尔蒙种群中分离获得的一个抗条锈病基因进行了分子定位研究 ,将源于赫尔蒙山具抗杀锈病的种系 T.dicoccides H52与普通的栽培种 Langdon进行杂交并创建了 F2 代遗传图。研究发现 H52种系抗条锈病的能力由一种显性基因控制 ,将其暂定名为 Yr H52。从 1 2 0个微卫星标记中 ,已经检测到来自亲本 91 %的多态性 ,而且从其中 56个微卫星分子标记中产生了 79个分离的位点 ,有 9个位点显示出了与 Yr H 52基因连锁 ,其重组率 0 .0 2～ 0 .3 5,遗传距离 2 .0 0～ 4 3 .3 7cm之间 ,L OD值 3 .56～ 54.2 2。由 1 0个微卫星位点和 Yr H52构建的染色体 1 B遗传图 ,其图距全长为 1 0 1 .5cm。Yr H52基因位于 Xgwm2 64 a和 Xgwm2 64 c之间 ,且与 Xgwm2 64 a、Xgwm1 8紧密连锁 ,两侧依次分别与 Xgwm1 3 1 a、Xgwm63 6b、Xgwm2 64 c、Xgwm4 0 3 a、Xgwm1 53、Xgwm550 a和 Xgwm1 2 4连锁。同时 ,Yr H52也与 REL P标记物 N or1紧密连锁 ,图距 1 .4 cm,L OD2 9.62。这显然与野生二粒小麦另一个抗条锈病基因 Yr1 5不同 ,研究证明 Yr1 5与 N or1图距是 1 1 .0 cm。     

利用有益微生物改善养殖生态环境的研究

研究了噬菌蛭弧菌在实验室条件下对水产养殖中常见病菌的裂解能力及噬蛭弧菌的光合细菌对池塘生态环境的改善作用。结果表明，噬菌蛭菌对嗜水气单胞菌具有裂解作用，噬菌蛭弧菌和光合细菌结合使用对养殖环境具有明显的改善作用。25d实验组比对照组池塘中的细菌总数少2个数量级，70d后实验组比对照组池塘中的细菌总数少3个数量级，25d对照组COD为6．35mg/L，使用噬菌蛭 菌浓度为3，5，10mL/m^3及光合细菌皆为5mL/m^3实验组的COD分别为4．67，4．16，4．18mg/L；25d后对照组NH3－N为0．49mg/L，使用噬菌蛭弧菌浓度为3，5,10mL.m^3及光合细菌皆为5mL/m^3实验组的NH3－N分别为0．36，0．33，0．32mg/L，90d后对照组NH3－N为0．41mg/L，使用噬菌蛭弧菌浓度为3，5，10mL/m^3，及光合细菌皆为5mL/m^3实验组的NH3－N分别为0．27，0．22，0．21mg/L,55d后对照组硫化的为0．011mg/L，使用噬菌蛭弧菌浓度为3，5，10mL/m^3及光合细菌皆为5mL/m^3实验组的硫化物分别为0．010，0．008，0．008mg/L。     

基于Window CE.NET的H.264实时解码系统实现

设计实现了一套基于嵌入式操作系统Windows CE.NET的H.264视频实时解码系统。系统主要由视频解码、网络传输、网络质量控制、视频显示4部分组成。采用H.264编码技术对视频进行解码,采用UDP/RTP/RTCP协议传输多媒体流信息和控制信息。实验表明系统可以稳定实时解码、播放QCIF视频序列。     

欧氏空间En中任意两个平面间的距离

设πp为欧氏空间中过定点x0的p-维平面及πq为同一空间中过定点y0的q-维平面。得到了这两个平面间距离d(πp,πq)的一个简明计算公式。     

亚纯函数f(z)的微分多项式φψ(z)f(z)P(f)(z)的值分布

设k∈N,f(z)为复平面上的超越亚纯函数,φ(z)、ak-1(z),…,a0(z)为f(z)的小函数,且φ(z)≠0.置P(f)(z)=f(k)(z) ak-1(z),k-1((z) … a1(z)f'(z) a0f(z),且P(f)(z)不恒为常数.当k≤4时,满足Nk)(r,1/f)=S(r,f);k≥5时,满足N4)(r,1/f)=S(r,f),则T(r,f)＜20-N(r,1/φfP-1) S(r,f).     

基波超声与谐波叠加加强声空化最佳条件的数值解法

从气泡方程和定向扩散理论出发 ,利用数值方法求解了基波超声和谐波叠加加强声空化的最佳条件。结果表明①基波和二次谐波叠加的最佳条件是两者的相位差 φ =π、振幅比a2 /a1=1.0 ;②基波和三次谐波叠加的最佳条件是两者的相位差 φ =0、振幅比a2 /a1=1.0 ,其中结果①与SU .memura等人的实验结果相符[1] 。     

The inhibitory degree between Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate/phosphate ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.     

Kalman滤波在GPS/BDS组合伪距差分定位中的应用

随着各国卫星导航系统的蓬勃发展,单一的GPS系统时代正逐步转变为多系统并存且兼容的全球性卫星导航系统(GNSS)时代。相比于单一卫星导航系统,多系统组合将显著增加可视卫星数目、改善卫星空间几何结构,多系统组合导航定位将是必然的发展趋势。滤波算法是减小GNSS定位随机误差的重要方法,利用非线性滤波方法可消除多种随机误差,从而提高导航定位精度。该文实现了基于Kalman滤波的GPS/BDS组合的伪距差分定位,并将其与最小二乘方法进行比较。实验结果表明:基于Kalman滤波的GPS/BDS伪距差分的定位精度能达到分米级,在差分定位解算过程中,多卫星系统伪距差分精度明显优于单卫星系统伪距差分精度,Kalman滤波解算的精度明显优于最小二乘解算的精度。     

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借助岩石破裂实验和理论研究中得到的变形失稳准则 ,探讨了岩体持续加速变形中地震短期前兆信息的定量检测方法 ,讨论了极值变形与地震三要素之间的关系。结合川滇地区倾斜、应变现有观测能力 ,得到了倾斜、应变失稳变化的速度阈值 K- Slope分别为 4 .5 m s/d和 5 0× 10 - 8d。对 1990年至 2 0 0 1年 5月间发生在川滇及临近地区的 9次 5 .8级以上地震 (未包括强震的短期前震和余震 )的统计结果表明 :持续时间在 2 0天以上、速度超过 4 .5 m s/d的加速倾斜之后 ,在 15 0天之内有 8次地震对应 (无虚报 ) ,1次漏报 ;而持续加速应变变化之后 ,有 5次地震对应 ,4次漏报。该结果一方面反映了连续变形对地震的监测能力 ,另一方面也表明持续加速变形中存在速度临界值 ,该临界值体现了自然环境的年变化与孕震条件下变形速度的差异性     

辽宁省国土资源厅增量建设用地审批公告(2002年第2号)

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Simultaneous quantification of greenhouse gas and nitric oxide emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems: a 2-site field case study in Sichuan Basin

Quantification of greenhouse gases[nitrous oxide(N₂O)and methane(CH₄)]and nitric oxide(NO)emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems through multi-site field measurements are needed to obtain accurate regional and global estimates.N2 O,NO and CH4 emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems were simultaneously measured at two different sites with hilly topography in the Sichuan basin,southwest China by using the static chamber gas chromatography technique.Results showed that annual soil N₂O and NO fluxes for the treatment receiving N fertilizer ranged from 6.34-7.71 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1 and 0.69-0.85 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1,respectively,while decreased soil CH4 uptakes by 26.4%as compared with no N fertilizer addition across our two sites of experiment.Overall,the average direct N2 O and NO emission factor(EFd)were 0.71%and 0.12%,respectively,which were both lower than the available EFd for subtropical conventional vegetable systems.This finding indicates that current regional and global estimates of N₂O and NO emissions from vegetable fields are likely overestimated.Background N₂O emissions(3.42-3.62 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1)from the subtropical conventional vegetable systems were relatively high as compared with available field measurements worldwide,suggesting that background N₂O emissions cannot be ignored for regional estimate of N₂O emissions in subtropical region.Nevertheless,the significantly intra-and inter-annual variations in N₂O,CH₄ and NO emissions were also observed in the present study,which could be explained by temporal variations of environmental variables(i.e.soil temperature and moisture).The differences in N₂O and NO EFd and CH₄emissions between various vegetable systems in particular under subtropical conditions should be taken into account when compiling regional or global inventories and proposing mitigation practices.     

荧光分光光度法测定海洋贝类体总石油烃的方法研究

研究和建立了一种测定海洋贝类体中总石油烃的改进方法 ,即控温强碱直接皂化、乙醚萃取、正己烷溶解、荧光分光光度仪测定法。该方法的最低检测限为 0 .1 2 mg/kg(大港原油当量 ) ,变异系数( CV) 3 .2 %～ 4 .6% ,相对误差 ( RE) -4 .0 %～ 1 .8% ,具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高和费用低廉等特点。     

Nitrogen biological cycle characteristics of seepweed (Suaeda salsa) wetland in intertidal zone of Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary

From April 2008 to November 2009,the nitrogen(N) cycle of plantsoil system in seepweed(Suaeda salsa) wetland in the intertidal zone of the Huanghe(Yellow) River estuary was studied.Results showed that soil N had sig-nificant seasonal fluctuations and vertical distribution,and the net N mineralization rates in topsoil were significantly different in growing season(p < 0.01).The N/P ratio(9.87 ± 1.23) of S.salsa was less than 14,indicating that plant growth was limited by N.The N accumulated in S.salsa litter at all times during decomposition,which was ascribed to the N immobilization by microbes from the environment.Soil organic N was the main N stock of plant-soil system,accounting for 97.35% of the total N stock.The N absorption and utilization coefficients of S.salsa were very low(0.0145 and 0.3844,respectively),while the N cycle coefficient was high(0.7108).The results of the N turnovers among compartments of S.salsa wetland showed that the N uptake amount of aboveground part and root were 7.764 g/m2and 4.332 g/m2,respectively.The N translocation amounts from aboveground part to root and from root to soil were 3.881 g/m2 and 0.626 g/m2,respectively.The N translocation amount from aboveground living body to litter was 3.883 g/m2,the annual N return amount from litter to soil was more than 0.125(-) g/m2(minus represented immobilization),and the net N mineralization amount in topsoil(0-15 cm) in growing season was 1.190 g/m2.The assessment of N biological cycle status of S.salsa wetland indicated that N was a very important limiting factor and the ecosystem was situated in unstable and vulnerable status.The S.salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient status and vulnerable habitat,and the N quantitative relationships determined in the compartment model might provide scientific base for us to reveal the special adaptive strategy of S.salsa to the vulnerable habitat in the following studies.