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????????λ???????????2011???????????????????λ?????????????GPS??????????????????????????????????1??????????λ???????????????????λ????????????????????????????λ????λ????????嶼??????е????????о??5 000?????????????3 mm??????????λ???????λ???????GPS????????????????????2??????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????λ???????????1%??4%???С?????????????????????????????6%??15%????????Χ????????ò????????????????????????????????GPS????????2011????????????????????????????????3???????й????????????GPS?????????????2011?????????????????????????????????????(3.24??4.96)??10 ²² Nm???????????Mw8.97??9.10??4??2011???????????????????????????????????????????仯????????????????????????????????????????????Ч???     

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??????????????????????????????1959??1979??1979??1997??1997??2010???1959??2010???????ε????α???????????????о???????????50????????α????????????????????α????????????????????????1959??1979??????α????????仯????????????????????????????????7.3??????1979??1997???1997??2010?????????δ???α????????仯????С?????????????????????????????????α?????仯????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????α?????????????     

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???????λ?????????????????ML3.8???????и?????????????????λ?????113?ε???λ????????????????????м??з????????ML3.8??????????????????????????????7km?????????о????????????????λ????λ????????????????С?в???????????з?????????????棬??????????λ????н???????     

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??????????????Χ??GPS??????????????з?????????t???????λ?????????α?????50 km??Χ????GPS????α???????????????????70 mm????????????30 s???????λ??????????????????α????????λ???????????У???С?????о???????????????29 km????????λ???21 mm????????150 km???λ???1??2 mm????GPS???????α????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????и???20 km????????廬?????0.6 m??GPS????????α??о????????????????????????????????ε?????????????????     

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????IGS??????????????????????Allan???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о????????????1??GPS???????????GLONASS???????????4??????????????????????????????1??1/2??1/3??1/4???2???????????????GPS????????Allan????????????仯????GLONASS????????Allan????????????????仯??????GPS????????д???????????GLONASS???????????????????????????????仯??????С??3????????ε?????????????????仯???     

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??о??????????????й????????λ???????????,???????????????????????\,3?????????????19????λ?????????????6???λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????С???3?????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ???С??1%?????λ??????????????;???λ????1%??????????????????????0.4%????;??λ????1%~10%??????????????????????涨λ????????????????????????????????2.5?????     

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????С????????????????С???任????CNES/GRGS??CSR??GFZ???о???????????GRACE???????λ????J2????????н???????????????????????????????SLR???????????J2????????е????????????????????????SLR??????????? J2?????GRACE J2????и???????????仯??????GRACE ???????λ???? J2???л???????161???????????????????????д?????????????S2????????????     

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??2012??10??31??????????????M_L3.8С????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10 km??????????????????????????????С??????????5 km???Χ???????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????     

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???????????GPS????1995???????????????6???????????????????GPS?λ??仯????????仯????????У???????1999??9??20???UTC????弯??Ms7.7???????2001??12??18???UTC????????Ms7.6??????????GPS??????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????С???????Ms7.7???????????GPS????????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????????????1997??2001????????????????仯???????????????????????????7??????????????????????????????γ????????￡????????????????ε????????????????     

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???????GPS??GRACE?????????????α???????????????????GRACE???λ???GPS?????????????о?????(RMS)??С?????????????仯????λ???????????????н???????????GPS?????????????仯?????????????????????????????Щ???????????????????????????С?????????????????????????????????????п??????????????????????ó???GRACE?????α????????С????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS??????????????????д??μ??????????????????GPS???????????????о???     

东北地区近期水平形变应变场研究

根据2011年和2013年东北地区GPS观测资料计算得到的地壳水平运动场和连续主应变场,研究了东北地区地壳运动特征和应变应力状态, 求解块体运动参数,计算东北主要断裂带的错动速率和断层应变应力状态,分析断裂带活动性。研究表明,2011～2013年期间,东北地区东部运动规律性相对较好,且东部运动场收敛于珲春-龙井一带,向东位移;中部和西部运动场一致性较弱,位移方向相对分散。主应变反映出,东北地区2011～2013年主压应力轴优势方向为NE55°。两个水平主应变轴都缩短的挤压区分布面积较小,两个主应变轴都伸长的拉张区次之,最小主应变轴缩短的区域和最大主应变轴伸长的区域所占比重最大。该时段Ms≥5.0地震集中在2013年,地震多发生在运动方向转折带附近及挤压-剪切活动区,最大的5.8级地震发生在不同运动区交界带和挤压作用相对强烈的构造带。     

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????“??????”2009??2011??????GPS?????????????????????296????????????????????????????????????μ?????????????η??????????????????????????????????????1?????????????????????б??????????????????????ο?????????????????????2????????????????????P????????????????????????????????????????????????????3?????????????????????????λ???????????????丽???????????????????????κ??????????????????????????????????????????     

渤海湾区域应变应力场演化特征

根据渤海湾区域1999~2013年多期GPS站点速率资料,以营潍断裂带为界分为东西两个地块计算运动参数,求解主应变率和断裂带的应变率。基于应变率计算结果研究了区域应变-应力场。结果表明,1999~2011年渤海湾区域地壳整体受北东东-南西西向压应力和北北西-南南东向张应力作用,2011~2013年区域地壳压应力主方向为近南北向,张应力主方向呈近东西向,致使这一变化的主要原因是2011年日本3.11大地震。渤海湾区域不同地段的应力也存在差异,局部性变化明显。营潍断裂带不同时段的正应变率和剪应变率亦不同,1999~2011年为右旋剪应变-剪应力作用,2011~2013年为左旋剪应变-剪应力作用。     

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????1995??1999??1999??2004???2004??2009????????GPS??????????????????????????????????????????????????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????μ?С???????????????仯?????????????е?????????????е????????????????????????????Σ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

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???????GPS????????????????????λ?????????????????о??????????????????С????α??????????????????????仯???????????繤?????????????????????????????????????????????????￡??????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????λ????????????????????????????????е????????????С???????????????????С?????α?????й?????????????????????????????????????????й??????????С?????α????????????С????????????????????????????????????????????2006??2009??????????????????????????????????????????????????С???,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????仯???????????????????????????     

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?????????????????????GPS???????,??????????????Ms8.1??????????????λ???????????????????仯??????????????????????????:1???????????????й??????α??????????,??????????????????????γ????????????????;2?????????????????????粿?γ????????????????????????5.9?????????5.4???????????????????γ??????β??????????;3????????????嶫?????????????巴??,????????Χ???????嶫??????????????????????;4????????????????????????????????Щ??????     

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????1998??2011?????????????90??GPS?????????????????????-????????????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????????????1???о??????????????????????????????????????????????????????2)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3)????????????????????????й????????????????з??????????????????????????????     

湖北地区现今地壳运动的GPS监测与分析

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理湖北CORS网络、陆态网络等76个连续站2011-05～2013-06 的GPS观测数据,得到各测站的精确坐标及测站的时间序列。给出全部测站的水平速度场,各测站的运动速度为6～9 mm/a,运动方向以东向或东南向为主,与华南块体的运动特征基本一致。初步结果表明,湖北地区内部不存在明显的差异运动。同时,计算了湖北地区的主应变率、最大剪应变率。结果表明,湖北地区最大剪应变率敏感区主要分布于断裂带集中的地区,分别位于巴东、秭归和郧县-竹山附近,最大值约为（1.43～1.73）×10-7/a,这一结果与湖北2014年秭归发生的4.5级、4.7级地震以及2014年房县4.0级地震有明显的对应关系。     

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?????????????????????Χ??????У?????????????????????????????????????????α???? ??????????????Χ?????????????鷢????????????????????μ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????α??????????????????????????????????μ?Σ????α?????????????????μ??? ???α?????????????Σ?-????????????????????????????????μ??????α???????????????????μ?Σ????α?????????????Σ???????????????????????????Χ???????????????????Σ?ū????????????????????????ΣΣ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

GiT-based structural geologic feature analysis of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone for earthquake evidence

The Longmenshan fault is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Sichuan province,southwestern China.The southern segment of the fault had two distinct responses to the Ms 8 Wenchuan and Ms 7 Lushan earthquakes.This study determines characteristics of the structural geology of the Longmenshan fault to evaluate how it influenced the two aforementioned earthquakes.This research was done within a Geoinformation Technologies(Gi T) environment based on multi-source remote sensing and crustal movement data extracted from the Global Positioning System(GPS).The spatial distribution of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was comprehensively analyzed to study both earthquakes.The study revealed that the Wenchuanand Lushan earthquakes occurred on two relatively independent faults.In addition,there was a nearly constant-velocity crustal movement zone between the two epicenters that probably had a compressive stress with slow motion.Furthermore,the central fault and a mountain back fault gradually merged from north to south.The Lushan earthquake was not an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake.The research showed that fault zones within 30–50 km of State Highway 318 are intensive and complex.In addition,crustal movement velocity decreased rapidly,with a strong multi-directional shear zone.Thus,activity in that zone was likely stronger than in the northern part over the medium to long term.