eLoran系统新型数据调制/信道编码方案设计与评估

增强型罗兰(eLoran)系统是精确时频信息的一个重要来源,且为全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的有效备份．本文针对目前eLoran信号调制方式较单一,数据传输速率低的问题,同时为充分运用时频资源、扩大信息播发数据量与应用范围,提出一种提高信号信息携带能力的调制方式和具有更高编码增益的信道编码方式．新型的脉冲调制方式增加仅用于数据传输脉冲组的调制方式,可实现40~200 bps的传输速率．仿真实验表明,数据信息长度为215 bit左右,LDPC编码方式能够较好地兼顾编码增益和信号帧长．      

eLoran噪声误差模型及产生方法研究

增强罗兰(eLoran)系统具备与全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)的互补性,使其成为最佳备份系统. 接收机通过测量到达时间(TOA)进行定时与定位,噪声是影响eLoran信号TOA精度的重要因素,而噪声中高斯白噪声(WGN)又是普遍存在的. 本文首先基于最大似然估计(MLE)方法推导了WGN下的TOA误差模型,其次采用线性同余法与Box-Muller变换对法相结合生成WGN,仿真分析了WGN的时、频域特性,最后利用产生的噪声模拟出TOA测量误差,并与理论TOA模型进行比较. 结果表明:理论误差模型与仿真TOA值误差吻合,验证该研究的TOA测量误差模型和产生噪声的正确性,研究成果可为eLoran信号的TOA误差模型和模拟器中噪声产生提供参考,促进eLoran系统应用发展.      

基于频分相分联合的正交复用技术研究

随着导航系统的增多,导航频段越来越拥挤,不同导航系统和不同卫星之间的干扰愈发严重. 二进制偏移载波调制方式是通过设计分裂功率谱来减少频谱混叠,以削弱互相关干扰的影响,但其没有考虑子载波相位的关系,存在进一步优化的空间.本文通过综合考虑子载波的频率和相位关系,使不同卫星信号间得到近似正交的互相关性能,从而有效削弱卫星信号之间的干扰.      

北斗卫星导航系统和GPS兼容性评估(英文)

北斗卫星导航系统的信号体制与GPS近似且占用相同的频段,不可避免地带来兼容性问题。从理论上分析兼容性评估的重要参数:频谱分离系数、码跟踪谱灵敏度和等效载噪比衰减,阐述伪随机码码长、导航数据速率和码片速率对兼容性计算的影响,在综合考虑信号兼容评估的运算速度和准确性的基础上,提出改进的GNSS兼容性评估模型。以此兼容性评估模型对北斗卫星导航系统和GPS所有频段进行仿真,仿真分析中考虑北斗卫星导航系统和GPS的具体频率分配、信号体制、发射功率、发射带宽、卫星天线增益、仰角、多普勒偏移、信号在空间传播的衰耗以及接收机参数。通过仿真可以看出,当北斗卫星导航系统满星座运行时,GPS对北斗系统的干扰将大于北斗系统对GPS的干扰。     

GNSS 系统中新 BOC信号性能评估研究

卫星信号体制是卫星导航系统性能的决定性因素之一,无论是BDS 或Galileo等新系统的建设还是GPS或GLONASS等系统的现代化过程中,导航信号的设计与性能评估都是所关注的焦点,BOC调制是GNSS的重要选择,本文引入一种GNSS中有效可调带宽的信号波形以减轻多径和干扰的影响。仿真结果表明：该波形在精度、多径抑制和抗干扰方面较普通BOC具有更好的性能。     

UKF在GPS/INS组合导航系统中的应用

扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)是GPS/INS组合导航系统工程实现中常用的一种数据融合方式.但EKF线性化误差在一定程度上影响了GPS/INS组合导航系统精度的提高.Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)是一种非线性滤波器,它能有效地减小线性化误差对GPS/INS组合导航系统精度的影响.基于四元数法建立了GPS/INS组合导航系统的非线性误差方程模型;最后通过数字仿真验证了UKF组合导航系统应用中的性能.     

基于铱星突发信号的导航定位技术研究

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)存在落地信号弱、易受干扰等问题,而低轨卫星系统因其较高的信号落地功率、较低的信号空间损耗以及较好的多普勒特性逐渐成为导航领域的研究热点. 铱星星座是目前唯一已实现全球覆盖的低轨卫星系统,其提供的授时与定位(STL)能力主要服务于美国军方,具体信号体制及接收处理技术均未公开发布. 通过对铱星STL突发信号体制开展深入研究及解析,提出利用STL突发信号实现非合作导航定位,并通过实收信号完成了定位解算算法验证,实收试验结果表明所提算法能够实现精度优于100 m的定位. 研究成果能够为我国低轨导航系统建设提供理论基础,有效推进下一代卫星导航系统持续发展.      

大光斑波形数据在土地覆盖分类的适用性分析

针对GLAS地学激光测高系统是冰、云和陆地高程卫星(ICESat)的唯一监测工具,能够记录地表光斑内的地物信息,是否能应用于黄土高原土地覆盖分类的问题进行了研究。利用粒子群和最小二乘法相结合的方法对GLAS波形数据进行高斯分解,获取高斯波个数、波形总能量、波形信号起始和信号结束位置4个波形参数;基于波形自动分类方法对黄土高原水体、森林、城市用地、其他地类(裸地、低矮植被等)进行分类。通过基于覆盖相同研究区域的30 m地表覆盖数据(Globe Land30),验证分类的准确性。结果表明,GLAS大光斑波形数据对黄土高原的4种地类能够很好地进行区分,总分类精度高达87.68%,Kappa系数为65.79%。研究表明,GLAS波形数据可以作为获取土地覆盖信息的有效数据源,为研究黄土高原土地覆盖变化提供更丰富的数据支持。     

改进的自适应滤波算法在BDS／INS组合导航中的应用

针对目前北斗与惯性导航系统的组合导航系统的导航性能和鲁棒性较差,基于衰减因子和噪声加权的自适应卡尔曼滤波技术,研究了组合导航系统在不确定性噪声干扰下的组合新算法。并在Matlab中进行了仿真实验,通过对比传统卡尔曼滤波技术,验证了新算法的有效性。并在Matlab中进行了无人机数据后处理实验。结果表明,改进的自适应滤波算法可以有效地降低不确定性干扰对组合导航系统的影响,从而提高了系统的导航性能和鲁棒性。      

干扰对BDS信号频域及调制域的影响评估

北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）极易受到空中或地面干扰的影响,信号质量因此发生改变,导航性能大大降低.评估干扰对BDS信号质量的影响,可以为干扰监测技术奠定基础.借助矢量信号源发出不同类型的干扰信号,通过时频分析设备获取其信号特性,并将干扰叠加到由高增益天线接收到的实际BDS信号中,对叠加数据进行离线处理,从频域及调制域两方面分析信号质量.结果表明:空间环境的干扰恶化了BDS信号,不同类型的干扰对信号质量影响程度不同,功率谱及星座图处理结果可作为分析干扰环境中BDS信号质量的基本依据.      

Calibrating adaptive antenna arrays for high-integrity GPS

A major challenge in using GPS guidance for aircraft final approach and landing is to reject interference that can jam reception of the GPS signals. Antenna arrays, which use space–time adaptive processing (STAP), significantly improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio, but at the possible expense of distorting the received signals, leading to timing biases that may degrade navigation performance. Rather than a sophisticated calibration approach to remove biases introduced by STAP, this paper demonstrates that a relatively compact calibration strategy can substantially reduce navigation biases, even under elevated interference conditions. Consequently, this paper develops an antenna bias calibration strategy for two classes of adaptive array algorithm and validates this method using both simulated and experimental data with operational hardware in the loop. A proof-of-concept system and an operational prototype are described, which implement the adaptive antenna algorithms and deterministic corrections. This investigation demonstrates that systems with adaptive antenna arrays can approach the accuracy and integrity requirements for automatic aircraft landing, and in particular for sea-based landing on board aircraft carriers, while simultaneously providing significant attenuation of interference. Evidence suggests that achieving these goals is possible with minimal restrictions on system hardware configuration—specifically, limitations on the permissible level of antenna anisotropy and the use of sufficient analog-to-digital converter resolution.     

Multipath interference mitigation in GNSS via WRELAX

In order to suppress the multipath interference in global navigation satellite system, two algorithms based on NLS (nonlinear least square) parameter estimation are proposed. Instead of the classic delay lock loop, the first proposed algorithm estimates the parameters of the line of sight signal and the multipath interference in the correlation domain. The NLS cost function is solved by WRELAX (weighted Fourier transform and RELAXation), which decouples the multidimensional optimization problem into a sequence of one-dimensional optimization problems in a conceptually and computationally simple way. In order to further reduce the complexity, the second NLS algorithm utilizing the characteristic of the C/A code is proposed, which estimate the parameters in the data domain. Finally, the two proposed algorithms are compared with the existing multipath interference methods and show excellent performance and less computational burden.     

信号遮挡环境下融合TOA/AOD的5G/SINS组合导航算法模型与精度分析

为解决可观测基站受遮挡情况下仅采用到达时间（time of arrived, TOA）无法定位或精度较差的问题,将第5代移动通信技术（5th generation,5G）中多天线阵列提供的信号离开角（angle of departure, AOD）应用在定位解算中,通过卡尔曼滤波将5G定位与捷联惯性导航（strapdown inertial navigation system,SINS）融合,构成融合TOA/AOD的5G/SINS组合导航方案。通过模拟可观测5G基站数量充足、遮挡这两类场景下的仿真实验,对基于TOA的5G定位、基于TOA/AOD的5G定位、TOA组合导航、TOA/AOD组合导航这4种解算方法的位置误差进行了比较。仿真实验结果表明,当可观测基站受遮挡时,融合TOA/AOD进行5G/SINS组合导航能确保100%的定位成功率,并有效降低组合导航发散的概率,减小40%~70%的位置误差。     

导航通信探测一体化信号设计探究

随着现代社会从信息化时代向智能化时代发展,导航通信探测信号的数量急剧增长,指标要求也日益提高,在有限的频谱资源、设备重量、体积与功耗约束下,人们对资源共享多功能一体化信号的需求愈发迫切. 如何通过灵活的信号设计实现资源高效利用和功能动态调整,是该领域当前亟待解决的难题. 本文首先提出了基于“积木单元”思想的信号设计框架,将信号表征为信号矢量和波形基函数的形式,选择基函数的系数组合重构信号矢量,就可以等价地表示对应的信号设计,从而将波形域的信号优化设计转换为信号空间的矢量优化问题. 进一步,分析了传统的信号评估方法,在所提的一体化信号设计框架下推导了导航、通信、探测信号度量准则. 最后,提出了一体化信号度量准则,为信号设计提供了可解释、可量化的优化目标,并讨论了一体化信号设计需要考虑的部分约束,包括能量约束、电磁频谱约束、峰均比等.      

Modified compressive sensing approach for GNSS signal reception in the presence of interference

Pre-processing traditional navigation signals in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers includes the conversion of an analog-to-digital sample and acquisition following the basic principle of Nyquist sampling theory. This condition inevitably increases the system computation time and cost of a modern wideband receiver. In recent years, the compressive sensing (CS) approach has been proven to effectively reduce the number of measurement samples required for digital signal acquisition systems. This method gives new potential to this modern design. In this study, a modified compressive sensing algorithm for the acquisition of a GNSS signal that is contaminated by an interfering signal is presented. The proposed method attempts to combine CS demodulation and the subspace projecting method to enhance GNSS signal acquisition performance with interference present. First, the received signal is sub-sampled and aliased from a compressive sampling process. This operation maintains the restricted isometry property (RIP) condition of the second sampling process using a Toeplitz-structured sensing matrix, which replaces a conventional random sensing matrix. The matrix ensures that distances between desired signals on the set of sparse space are not influenced by the sampling process. Next, the interference is eliminated through the orthogonal feature between the interference signal and the desired signal using the subspace projecting method. This also preserves the RIP of the projecting matrix to ensure that the original structure of the linear projection of the signal is preserved. After this, an iterative least-square method is utilized to recover the correlator output from the reception samples taken by the CS demodulator. In addition, the signal detection performance in the presence of co-channel interference using a CS demodulator is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the relationships between signal detection probability, compressive factor and signal bandwidth are also illustrated. Several numerical results are presented to verify the theory.     

圆周移位在伪码补零BDS信号捕获算法中的应用

D1导航电文中加入了NH码,且D2导航电文的速率也比GPS信号的快很多,使得BDS的信号结构增加了捕获难度。采用伪码补零的方法可以对BDS信号进行有效捕获,但是该方法积分时间较长导致捕获耗时变长。本文提出了一种基于圆周移位的改进伪码补零算法,将搜索中复杂的载波剥离运算用计算量很小的频谱序列的搬移操作来代替,使算法复杂度大幅下降。试验结果表明,该方法可以有效减少运算量和捕获耗时。     

一种新型罗兰导航系统差分技术

导航系统作为现代社会前进的指南针,其应用已经渗透日常生活、科技文化、国民经济、军事任务等各个领域,是现代社会正常运行必不可少的基础设施．罗兰导航系统作为陆基长波导航系统典型代表,是全球导航体系的重要组成部分,由于其导航精度相对较低,因此其在全球导航体系中的作用日益下降．近些年长波导航系统精度的提升主要依靠架设差分站等方式实现,但是这种方式成本高、修正数据更新率低．针对这一问题,本文提出了一种新型的差分罗兰导航系统,并针对其中的关键技术进行简要的介绍、分析、仿真、测试．