MiniSAR与无人机系统集成应用研究

近年来无人机机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）技术发展迅速,成为全天时、全天候数据获取的重要手段.本文对无人机机载合成孔径雷达国外发展应用和国内研究进展进行了阐述,对Mini SAR载荷与无人机飞行平台系统集成进行了测试研究,并验证了在黄河冰情凌汛应急监测的适用性,最后指出了无人机机载Mini SAR在行业应用中的价值.     

无人机机载MiniSAR在围填海监测中的应用探索

围填海是人类开发利用海洋的主要方式,为沿海经济发展提供了发展空间,因此对围填海活动的监管也提出了新要求。近年来,无人机机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术发展迅速,成为全天时、全天候数据获取的重要手段,开展无人机机载MiniSAR在围填海监测中的应用研究,将有效拓展围填海监测手段,本文集成构建了无人机MiniSAR系统,利用该系统开展了海南省海花岛周边海域的监测应用,验证了其在围填海监测应用中的适用性。     

无人机机载SAR在地理国情监测中的应用研究

在我国,由于特殊的地理位置和气候条件使得局部地区获取数据较为困难,导致在地理国情监测中利用传统光学成像监测手段获取数据难以满足监测需求。随着无人机机载微型化合成孔径雷达高分辨率对地观测成像技术的不断发展,使得全天时、全天候航空遥感监测成为可能。本文通过对无人机机载合成孔径雷达监测系统集成构建,利用该套系统高分辨率微波成像,验证了其在地理国情监测应用中的适用性。为无人机机载SAR技术在地理国情监测中的应用提供了新的解决手段。     

无人机机载合成孔径雷达冰情凌汛监测应用研究

黄河河段特殊的地理位置和气候条件造成每年季节性的冰凌灾害,利用传统监测手段在夜间监测具有许多困难。随着无人机机载微型化合成孔径雷达(MiniSAR)技术发展,使得全天时、全天候航空遥感监测成为可能。本文通过对无人机机载合成孔径雷达监测系统集成构建,利用该套系统验证了黄河冰情凌汛应急监测的适用性,最后指出了无人机机载合成孔径雷达在行业应用中的推广价值。     

机载合成孔径雷达技术在地形测绘中的应用及其进展

合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术由于其全天候、全天时的工作能力,成为近几年来摄影测量与遥感领域的研究热点。机载SAR系统的逐渐增多为SAR技术的发展提供了丰富的数据源。本文综述了近两年来国内外机载合成孔径雷达(AIRSAR)技术在地形测绘中的研究、试验和应用进展,评述了机载合成孔径雷达关键技术的解决途径,展望了机载合成孔径雷达技术在地形测绘和其他领域中的应用前景。     

机载SAR系统极化定标方法的优化研究

正全极化合成孔径雷达技术能够通过获取地物在不同极化状态下的散射回波信号,在地理国情监测、环境变化研究方面有着广泛的应用。相较于星载SAR,机载SAR系统由于既可以独立执行对地观测任务,又可以作为星载SAR系统研究的基础和实验平台,在极化SAR研究中有着重要的作用。但天线系统所固有的缺陷和不足,降低了极化SAR数据质量,干扰了信息的准确获取。这让极化定标的研究显得十分重要。针对极化畸变现象,科     

合成孔径雷达技术在地理国情普查中的应用

以四川省丹棱地区地理国情普查生产为例,阐述了基于高分辨率机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像,利用机载SAR处理技术提取地理国情普查中地表覆盖分类要素与地理国情要素的过程与方法。研究表明,机载SAR技术在多云雾地区地理国情数据获取方面具有显著优势。     

复杂地区机载SAR数据获取航线规划

本文主要论述机载SAR数据获取航线规划,提出了适合于地形复杂地区机载SAR航摄的航线规划方案。详细说明了航线设计方法,并引入低分辨率的DEM数据,对航线规划结果进行了模拟;最后对机载合成孔径雷达航摄进行三维模拟,以期更好地显示并检验航线规划结果。     

用DGPS／IMU数据对机载SAR图像进行概略定位

采用影像匹配的方法实施对机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）影像的快速定位,需要首先确定SAR影像的概略位置。本文利用机载SAR系统所获取的DGPS／IMU辅助数据,在SAR图像覆盖区数字高程模型（DEM）数据支持下,探讨了利用Leberl方程解算像点对应的地面点坐标,进而描述了对SAR图像概略定位的技术与方法,实验结果表明该方法是可行的。     

机载SAR遥感测图技术及应用

合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感不同于光学遥感的特点使得其在特定场合的应用有着独特的优势和应用潜力。该文系统介绍了中国测绘科学研究院近10年来在雷达测图数据获取、处理系统建设和雷达测图关键技术研究等方面的代表性成果,包括机载多波段多极化SAR测图系统、X波段双天线极化干涉SAR系统、微小型全极化MiniSAR系统等。针对机载SAR硬件系统的集成和测图软件系统开发中的难点问题和关键技术问题以及创新成果进行了重点阐述,对成果的主要应用进行了简要介绍。该文是对SAR测图课题组多年来研究成果的一个系统总结,也是对SAR遥感测图技术今后的研发重点的展望。     

近空间被动双站SAR的成像性能分析

近年来,近空间受到了越来越广泛的关注。近空间飞行器兼具卫星和航空飞机的优点,能提供类似卫星的宽覆盖、长续航能力和飞机的快速响应能力,这为研究新体制遥感技术创造了条件。基于此,文章提出了一种基于近空间平台的被动双站合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像方法。首先,通过分析近空间被动双站SAR的空间几何模型,建立了其相应的SAR回波信号模型;然后,根据发射机和接收机对成像目标产生的多普勒效应,对近空间被动双站SAR成像的距离分辨率和方位分辨率进行了分析和仿真,并分析了近空间被动双站SAR存在的方位向调频率空变特性。最后,以接收机静止模式为例,对其成像处理进行了仿真。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,近空间被动双站SAR是一种具有良好应用前景的遥感新技术。     

Modeling and sensitivity analysis of navigation parameter errors for airborne synthetic aperture radar stereo geolocation

For the high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) stereo geolocation application, the final geolocation accuracy is influenced by various error parameter sources. In this paper, an airborne SAR stereo geolocation parameter error model, involving the parameter errors derived from the navigation system on the flight platform, has been put forward. Moreover, a kind of near-direct method for modeling and sensitivity analysis of navigation parameter errors is also given. This method directly uses the ground reference to calculate the covariance matrix relationship between the parameter errors and the eventual geolocation errors for ground target points. In addition, utilizing true flight track parameters’ errors, this paper gave a verification of the method and a corresponding sensitivity analysis for airborne SAR stereo geolocation model and proved its efficiency.     

Detection of Slope Instability in Hong Kong Based on Multi-baseline Differential SAR Interferometry Using ALOS PALSAR Data

The monitoring of slope instability requires detailed observations of mass movements, which generally cannot be obtained by geodetic methods or global positioning systems (GPS). Differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry has proven to be an effective way of measuring land deformation with millimeter accuracy over wide areas. Using data from the newly launched L-band ALOS PALSAR interferometer and the multi-baseline differential SAR interferometry technique, slope instability in Hong Kong was analyzed by means of measured surface displacement along look vectors. Owing to its enhanced vegetation penetration, less temporal decorrelation enabled the L-band data to improve spaceborne radar sensor land-surface deformation measurements. The results were validated by ENVISAT ASAR-derived outcomes and other ground survey data.     

The negative alpha filter: a new Processing technique for polarimetric SAR interferometry

In this letter we develop a new concept, the negative alpha filter, which we suggest has application for quantitative estimation of surface parameters beneath vegetation using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (POLInSAR). We first derive the filter and then validate it using simulations of L-band coherent forest scattering. We then show initial results of applying the filter to airborne data from the German Aerospace Center's E-SAR L-band sensor.     

Earth observations during space shuttle mission STS‐34: 18–23 October 1989

Abstract

Although high‐resolution microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors possess all‐weather capability for mapping soil moisture from spaceborne platforms, continuous temporal and spatial monitoring of this important hydrological parameter has been relatively limited. However, the recent launch of operational SAR sensors aboard various satellites have made possible synoptic soil moisture monitoring a reality. Such systems operate over a wide range of frequencies, look angles, and polarization combinations, and thus show synergistic advantages when combined for estimating soil moisture patterns. Two soil moisture inversion algorithms have been developed using as inputs radar backscattering data at L, S, and C bands in the microwave frequency range. These models have been tested using radar image simulation with speckle added. It is observed that the neural network algorithm yields superior results in mapping actual soil moisture patterns over the linear statistical inversion technique, although both models show comparable errors in soil moisture estimation. We infer that using statistical estimation errors alone for comparison purposes may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the advantages of one soil moisture inversion algorithm over another.     

Modeling and sensitivity analysis of navigation parameter errors for airborne synthetic aperture radar stereo geolocation

For the high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) stereo geolocation application, the final geolocation accuracy is influenced by various error parameter sources. In this paper, an airborne SAR stereo geolocation parameter error model, involving the parameter errors derived from the navigation system on the flight platform, has been put forward. Moreover, a kind of near-direct method for modeling and sensitivity analysis of navigation parameter errors is also given. This method directly uses the ground reference to calculate the covariance matrix relationship between the parameter errors and the eventual geolocation errors for ground target points. In addition, utilizing true flight track parameters’ errors, this paper gave a verification of the method and a corresponding sensitivity analysis for airborne SAR stereo geolocation model and proved its efficiency.     

联合星载光学与SAR图像的城市大面积建筑物高度快速提取

星载高分辨率光学图像与SAR图像广泛应用于城市建筑物高度提取,但光学图像存在缺少相关卫星参数的情况,而SAR图像则存在散射特征不完整以及提取效率低等缺陷。针对以上问题,本文提出一种联合高分辨率星载光学与SAR图像的城市大面积建筑物高度快速提取方法。首先,结合支持向量机(SVM)和形态学阴影指数(MSI)快速提取光学图像中的阴影并自动测量阴影长度;之后选择多个合适样本,基于模型匹配法从SAR图像中提取高度;最后将高度与阴影长度作线性回归分析,建立数学模型来提取其他建筑物的高度。该方法将不同卫星系统的数据和特征相结合,互相弥补各自缺陷,不仅提高了效率、降低了成本,同时满足精度要求。     

Coregistration of multiangle fine spatial resolution SAR images

Provides a first assessment of a coregistration technique suitable for multiangle fine spatial resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The technique is based on crossroad and road junction extraction and matching and exploits recently introduced road extraction routines for SAR data. These features are matched using relational and geometrical analysis. Results are encouraging and show the possibility to exploit multiangle SAR available from future airborne and satellite missions.