数字环境下地图综合结果自动评价模型的研究与应用

在对数字环境下地图综合的新含义和新任务进行分析的基础上,讨论了地图自动综合的评价标准和综合指标,指出了一种大比例尺地图综合结果自动评价模型,并利用该模型开发了一个评价模块内置到深圳市规划国土局开发研制的地图综合软件AutoMap中。此模块可对地图各种要素     

福州市植被生态的遥感分析

本文在ENVI的支持下,提取影响植被生态主要因子的4项遥感指数,将其与在GIS环境下生成的、通过ERDAS转换成ENVI可读的、经过投影转换而得的高程和坡度数据进行复合,生成综合影像.然后对其进行主成分分析,确定影响植被生态的综合因素及权重,建立植被生态评价模型,并利用该模型对福州市的植被生态进行评价.     

Rs和Gis支持下的自然生态环境评价——以南水北调雅砻江工程区为例

利用TM影像、DEM、温度和降水等气象监测数据,提取了影响自然生态环境的5项重要指标:植被指数,海拔高度,土地覆盖,年均温和降水量。根据这5项环境指标,建立综合自然生态指数模型,并利用该模型对研究区进行环境评价,将研究区的自然环境划分了3级。结果表明该方法能有效地适用于研究区自然生态环境的评价。     

基于DEA-AHP-FCE的企业集群效率和方案评价研究

随着技术进步和经济全球化的发展,企业集群越来越成为学界、商界和政界关注的热点.首先从企业集群和集群效率的概念出发,设计了某企业集群的效率评价指标体系和DEA(数据包络分析)综合评价模型.利用DEA模型,对该企业集群的效率进行了综合评价,进而为集群内某企业拟订了3个不同方案.在利用AHP法确定评价方案优劣的各个因素权重分配的基础上,针对方案评价特点,利用模糊综合评价法(FCE)对不同的方案进行了评价.     

福州市植被生态的遥感分析

本文在ENVI的支持下，提取影响植被生态主要因子的4项遥感指数，将其与在GIS环境下生成的、通过ERDAS转换成ENVI可读的、经过投影转换而得的高程和坡度数据进行复合，生成综合影像。然后对其进行主成分分析，确定影响植被生态的综合因素及权重，建立植被生态评价模型，并利用该模型对福州市的植被生态进行评价。     

绿色环境暴露对居民心理健康的影响研究——以南京为例

绿色环境暴露对心理健康的影响长期以来都受到国内外不同领域学者的关注,但从个体与环境交互的角度关注衡量个体对环境实际感知的研究较少。论文试图基于对居民视觉感知和时空活动等因素的考虑,结合机器学习等技术扩展绿色环境暴露的测度方式,并构建绿色环境暴露对心理健康影响的概念框架。同时,以南京为实证对象,运用结构方程模型对比分析绿地率、绿视率、绿色视觉暴露对心理健康影响的差异。研究发现,3种绿色环境暴露测度指标对心理健康均有显著正向影响,但影响程度和路径存在差异,建立更加综合的绿色环境暴露评价指标体系至关重要。主观建成环境可以作为绿视率和绿色视觉暴露对心理健康影响的中介变量,身体活动仅作为绿色视觉暴露影响心理健康的中介变量。研究拓展了绿色环境暴露对心理健康影响的研究框架,并对城市绿地系统的规划管理具有参考价值。     

基于滨海环境资源特点的大连旅游承载状态评价

旅游环境承载力涉及多维度属性相互制约影响,而传统方法中对于各属性间影响程度及游客偏好选择的判定则较多依赖于个体的主观感知。因此,针对处理多属性综合评价中存在的模糊性及主观性,提出基于蒙特卡罗模拟修正的模糊综合评价模型。结果表明,借助上述模糊综合评价修正模型针对大连滨海旅游环境承载力进行解释与分析,成功缓解了在模型度量与数据分析环节所出现的主观偏误缺陷,从而有效提升了大连市滨海旅游景区有关阈值综合评价体系的科学性与稳健性。评价结果表明,当前大连市滨海旅游环境承载力状态可以判定为“适载”;在影响滨海旅游环境承载力的6项要素中,游憩环境要素与气候要素的评价分数较高,最低评分数值指标为景区游客管理状态。     

湛江市土地利用综合效益及其演化评价

土地利用效益评价是土地利用总体规划修编的前提和基础.从社会、经济、生态和环境等方面构建土地利用综合效益评价指标体系,采用AHP法、熵权法、综合评价法和协调度分析模型对湛江市1996～2004年的土地利用综合效益进行了评价.结果表明:湛江市土地利用的社会效益和经济效益明显增加而生态效益和环境效益则明显降低;土地利用效益的协调度不高,属于基本协调状态;最后,还提出了加强土地利用生态环境建设的对策.     

气候异常对策集成评价模型研究

为提高减少气候异常对国民经济影响对策措施的科学性、有效性和针对性,研究开发了对策集成评价模型.评价模型建立了由社会、经济、生态、环境、技术等方面要素组成的评价指标体系,开发了定量与定性相结合的经济效益、社会生态效果和不确定性分析评价方法,设计了客观评估和专家评判相结合的模糊层次综合评价矩阵,可对各种对策措施的投入-产出效益效果进行科学评估,并根据评价量值对对策措施的优劣作出评判.     

城市产业用地集约利用评价研究——以合肥市为例

以产业用地综合数据库为基础,通过评价指标体系、评价标准和评价模型构建,实现基于区域的城市产业用地集约利用评价.根据产业发展的影响因素,在传统强度评价的基础上,新增规模、结构和布局评价,并构建三级收敛评价指标体系;以全国综合功能型城市为样本,构建了能适应不同经济发展水平的动态评价标准;引入相对权重模型,通过隶属函数计算构建评价模型.以合肥市为样本,开展集约利用评价,结果显示:(1)禁止发展产业用地面积偏大是总体集约度偏低的最主要因素;(2)距离聚集度也是限制性因子之一;(3)规模合意度与强度合意度评价结果适中.     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.