土方开挖粘塑性模糊随机损伤机理研究

以基坑工程为例分析了开挖损伤演变的模糊随机性并建立了广义非确定性空间O：Б（s,f）。提出了初始损伤有效张量的概念模型,在“损伤源汇”概念基础上提出了模糊衰减模型,构造了粘塑性模糊随机损伤增量方程并实现了基坑开挖过程的模糊随机损伤模拟。在线性算子基础上提出了模糊随机损伤矢量极限值{Ωu},进而建立了以损伤有效张量为基础的粘塑性模糊随机损伤本构模型及粘塑性非线性模糊随机数值方法。在粘塑性模糊随机损伤有限元基础上建立了粘塑性模糊随机损伤变化率方程,实现了对基坑开挖过程中模糊随机损伤演变发展的全面模拟,完成了模糊随机卸荷损伤模型的构建。     

模糊随机损伤非线性性态

从损伤形成的宏、微观机理出发揭示了损伤演化的模糊性和随机特征,提出了损伤泛函成立于模糊、随机双层数学覆盖之下进而构建了研究广义损伤泛函的广义非确定空间。提出了非线性损伤发展所依据的初始应力场;基于三种典型模糊损伤分布：降半分布、秋千分布、组合秋千分布,提出了平面应变下服从随机β分布的各向异性初始模糊随机损伤场,并基于初始模糊随机损伤有效张量给出粘-弹-塑性初始损伤应力场的模糊随机数值模型。提出并构造了损伤矢量临界值算法并基于此推导了平面应变条件下的损伤有效张量及模糊随机有效弹性矩阵族;由损伤材料粘-弹-塑性应变率演化通式提出了基于修正Mohr-Coulomb损伤破坏准则的粘-弹-塑性模糊随机损伤本构模型。就土方开挖的损伤增益特征,提出并构造了基于模糊衰减模型的模糊随机损伤增量方程,实现了对粘-弹-塑性模糊随机损伤增量方程卸载模型的全面阐述。考虑场内参数的空间离散及随机变异特征,借助本文提出的非线性模糊随机损伤力学模型,就某典型基坑工程开挖进阶过程中的损伤演变及广义可靠性进行了深入探讨,过程揭示了模糊随机损伤模型可以根据场内结构及材料强度耗散情况随时对损伤分布做出调整,以充分反映材料细观粒子间的凝聚或断裂造成的岩土结构宏观方面硬化-屈服-破坏-重分布-愈合等复杂力学性征,得到的规律性认识对于实现岩土工程全面化、精确化分析研究有重要意义。     

粘土的粘塑性特性试验与三要素本构模型

研究了3种粘土的未扰动试样和重塑试样在三轴排水固结试验条件下的粘塑性。在试验过程中,利用计算机控制应变控制式三轴仪的加载速度,实现了在不同加载阶段的不同恒应变率加载。依据应力对应变率改变的响应程度对粘土的粘塑性进行了评价。实验结果表明,粘土的粘塑性表现为等时特性,并且经过一定时间的蠕变后,粘土强度会有较大地提高。并指出粘土的粘塑性应力-应变特性可以较好地采用非线性三要素模型对它进行描述。     

非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定塑性极限分析

利用塑性分析上限定理,考虑岩土介质本身的非线性破坏准则,对各种不同破裂面边坡稳定性分析进行研究。针对破坏边坡破裂面不同,采用外切直线法来分析其上限解,推导出非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定性系数计算公式,并对较复杂的对数螺旋线破裂面边坡提出初始切线法,较好地求出塑性极限分析上限解。将在非线性破坏准则下按对数螺旋线破裂面推导出的塑性极限分析上限解运用于实际边坡工程,其结果与精确塑性分析结果非常接近,为非线性破坏准则下的边坡稳定塑性极限分析提供了一条新的思路与方法。     

寒区路堤边坡稳定性的力学分析

区路堤边坡,特别是由冻结的砾石填筑的路堤或含冻结的砂砾层的路堤边坡的破坏准则具有极高的非线性.假定冻土为理想弹塑性体,且符合相关联的流动法则,基于极限分析的上限理论,对非线性破坏准则的寒区路堤边坡稳定性问题,提出了一个既考虑了相关的非线性效应,又易于工程计算,且不失必要分析精度的实用方法.在实际工程应用时,可以利用已有的线性问题的分析结果或依据我们提出的方法使问题简化.     

一种新的断裂计算方法

利用单元中嵌合无厚度不连续面的方法 ,模拟断裂面的形成过程。用虚功原理建立包含断裂面影响的有限元平衡方程 ;利用余虚功原理推导了断裂面的矩阵的具体形式 ; 以第一类断裂问题 -开裂问题为例 ,建立了开裂面粘塑性开裂本构关系,进一步得到了以弹粘塑性形式表示的有限元计算格式。 通过简单算例证明了该方法的正确性。     

巷道蝶形破坏强度准则低敏感性研究及工程应用

巷道围岩的塑性区形态对巷道的破坏形式及破坏程度有重要影响。为探究三向应力场下塑性区形态演化过程,基于弹性力学推导了轴向应力表达式,并依据蝶形塑性区边界方程求解思路,确定了三维强度准则下三向塑性区近似解的求解方法。通过等球应力p、等偏应力q以及不同Lode角θ_σ来确定围岩应力加载方案,对不同三维强度准则下的围岩塑性区形态演化规律进行深入研究,论证了蝶形破坏的准则低敏感性。基于蝶形破坏理论对羊场湾160206回风巷道的非对称变形破坏机制及控制技术进行深入分析。研究结果表明：(1)在相同p、q及不同θ_σ的应力加载条件下,5种强度准则下的塑性区形态均呈现圆形、类椭圆及蝶形的演化规律,且每种强度准则在相同θ_σ的情况下围岩的塑性区形态基本一致。(2)相同应力大小、不同应力方向的加载方案下,围岩的塑性区形态大不相同。圆巷围岩的塑性区形态很大程度上由水平侧压比决定,轴向侧压对围岩的塑性区尺寸影响较大,对塑性区形态影响较小。(3)羊场湾160206回风巷道在叠加采动影响下顶板呈现非对称大变形破坏,基于蝶形塑性区支护思路,应用非对称锚杆索+...     

高边坡岩体渐进性破坏粘弹塑性有限元数值模拟

根据边坡实际地质模型 ,基于弹塑性与粘弹 -粘塑性理论的本构方程 ,通过有限元模拟分析 ,定量地揭示和模拟再现了高边坡岩体破裂、变形、破坏及失稳前后锁固段岩体渐进性破坏的机制和过程 ,探讨了高压水流作用下滑坡启程剧动的破坏机理。     

基于损伤控制方法的大理岩非线性剪胀特性试验研究

剪胀角是描述岩石体积膨胀扩容的常用参数,在非关联流动法则中,连续介质理论通常假设剪胀角为0;在关联流动法则中,其值恒定且等于内摩擦角。岩石三轴压缩全过程体应变曲线表明,其体积剪胀性依赖于围压和塑性参量,破坏过程中不仅其特征强度随围压和塑性参量呈非线性变化,而且剪胀特性也表现出非线性特征。基于塑性力学理论,针对锦屏大理岩损伤控制的全过程三轴加、卸载试验,采用双参数非线性函数拟合方法建立了能同时考虑围压效应和塑性参量的非线性剪胀角模型。结果表明,对于大理岩、中硬岩,在破坏过程中扩容行为强烈依赖围压和岩石塑性参量,均表现出先快速增加至峰值后,随着塑性变形增加逐渐减小的非线性演化规律。提出的双参数非线性剪胀角模型很好地描述了岩石破坏过程中的体积扩容特性,其结果对于研究地下工程围岩应力变化诱发的围岩剪胀破坏机制、体积扩容膨胀区范围预测和围岩支护的合理设计均具有一定的理论和工程应用价值。     

重度增加法在某公路边坡稳定性分析中的应用

基于D-P准则,采用关联流动法则,用非线性有限元重度增加法对一非均质不规则公路边坡进行了分析。其原理是保持粘聚力c及内摩擦角φ不变,通过逐步增加土体重度的方法使土体达到临界状态。采用坡顶水平位移随重度增加系数变化的关系曲线上位移陡然增大作为边破的破坏标准。有限元重度增加法事先无须对滑动面的位置和形式做出任何假定,同时考虑了土体的材料非线性和几何非线性,因此利用二维有限元重度法能更好地模拟土坡的破坏,有助于了解土坡的破坏机理。其结果不仅对工程实践具有指导作用,而且对研究土体的破坏机理,探索分析边坡稳定的适用计算方法都有现实意义。用重度增加法得到的安全系数与传统方法的误差在9%左右,因此重度增加法可以用于边坡稳定分析。     

Limit analysis of 2-D and 3-D structures based on an ellipsoid yield criterion

In this paper, a nonlinear numerical technique is developed to calculate the limit load and failure mode of structures obeying an ellipsoid yield criterion by means of the kinematic limit theorem, nonlinear programming theory and displacement-based finite element method. Using an associated flow rule, a general yield criterion expressed by an ellipsoid equation can be directly introduced into the kinematic theorem of limit analysis. The yield surface is not linearized and instead a nonlinear purely kinematic formulation is obtained. The nonlinear formulation has a smaller number of constraints and requires less computational effort than a linear formulation. By applying the finite element method, the kinematic limit analysis with an ellipsoid yield criterion is formulated as a nonlinear mathematical programming problem subject to only a small number of equality constraints. The objective function corresponds to the dissipation power which is to be minimized and an upper bound to the plastic limit load of a structure can then be calculated by solving the minimum optimization problem. An effective, direct iterative algorithm has been developed to solve the resulting nonlinear programming formulation. The calculation is based purely on kinematically admissible velocities. The stress field does not need to be calculated and the failure mode of structures can be obtained. The proposed method can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of clay soils in a direct way. Some examples are given to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

A finite-element treatment of sea ice dynamics for different ice rheologies

In this paper the effects of four different rheologies on the evolution of a large-scale sea ice pack are determined and compared. Two rheologies are of viscous-plastic form, and two are viscous fluid relations. The initial pack domain is rectangular, and the motion is driven by wind stress and resisted by ocean drag. Two adjacent edges are rigid shore boundaries, and the other two are free boundaries at open water which move during the pack motion, so that the pack domain changes in time. Two different forms of boundary conditions at the rigid shore edges are considered, which also influence the evolution. The governing equations are solved numerically using a finite-element method, and, unlike previous numerical treatments, no artificial viscosity is incorporated to stabilise the algorithm near interfaces between converging and diverging flow. Instability arises when any tensile stress is abruptly cut-off when diverging flow is initiated, and an alternative view is offered. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved finite element–based limit equilibrium method for slope stability analysis by considering nonlinear strength criteria and its application in assessing the anchoring effect

The shear strength envelope of most geotechnical materials is nonlinear. In this study, the finite element–based limit equilibrium method (FELE) is improved to assess the stability of a prescribed slip surface that obeys a nonlinear failure criterion. Two nonlinear failure criteria, namely, the Barton criterion and the generalized Hoek-Brown (GHB) criterion, are implemented. A power curve model that can perfectly fit the envelope of the GHB criterion is proposed to explicitly express the shear strength from the normal stress. The algorithm of the improved FELE, which includes a nonlinear criterion, is explained in detail, and the fast convergence of the method is checked by evaluating examples. The numerical examples show that, for a smooth slip surface, FELE can calculate a greater factor of safety (FOS) than that calculated using the Morgenstern-Price (MP) method when the strength criterion of slip surface is nonlinear. In addition, FELE can determine the bell-shaped distribution of the increase in normal stress caused by anchoring measures, which cannot be considered in the MP method.     

弹塑性无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法及验证

对基于理想弹塑性理论框架、屈服准则为Mohr-Coulomb准则、采用非关联流动法则的无厚度接触面单元的本构积分算法进行了探讨,引入非关联的伪屈服函数和伪势函数,提出了将超出屈服面、处于角点应力区的试应力双向返回到屈服面的本构积分算法。据此编制了ABAQUS用户单元子程序,进行了算例验证。结果表明,提出的算法可以较好地实现土与结构物共同作用的有限元数值模拟。     

不同应力路径下剪切带的数值模拟

采用回映应力更新算法,编写了基于伏斯列夫面的超固结黏土本构关系模型子程序,嵌入非线性有限元软件ABAQUS。通过对单元试验进行三轴压缩、三轴伸长及平面应变等问题的模型预测,再现了超固结黏土在不同初始超固结比和应力路径时的变形和强度特性,从而验证了子程序的正确性。借助该本构模型,对三轴压缩、三轴伸长及平面应变应力路径下超固结黏土体变形局部化问题,进行了三维数值模拟。分析结果表明：超固结黏土在三轴压缩及伸长状态时,土体变形局部化在应力-应变关系软化时出现,而平面应变状态时,在应力-应变关系硬化阶段出现,其超固结黏土的剪胀特性在剪切带的形成过程中起重要作用。     

A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical nonlinear model for a frozen medium

This paper describes a nonlinear elasto-plastic simulation of freezing and thawing of rock. A mathematical formulation is described in which deformation, fluid flow and heat flow are fully coupled. A non-linear elasto-plastic constitutive relationship is presented and a two dimensional (plane stress) numerical modeling is performed based on the finite element method applied to thermo-poro-elastoplasticity. It is assumed that the Mohr-Coulomb's failure criterion is valid for yield locus and plastic potential. The numerical scheme employed in the code accommodates phase change of pore-water from liquid to solid (ice). The primary aim of this paper is to compare the temperature transfer and deformation prediction obtained from the numerical code with those obtained from the freezing and thawing experiments. It is found from the numerical simulation that a relatively good prediction can be made of temperature transfer and deformation behavior. The numerical code has also been applied to a hypothetical cavern problem to demonstrate its applicability.     

泥岩隧道施工过程中渗流场与应力场全耦合损伤模型研究

在连续损伤力学理论基础上,将塑性损伤演化及渗流相互耦合的概念引入Mohr-Coulomb 破坏准则,用于分析在孔隙压力和塑性损伤演化共同作用下岩石损伤演化机制,建立了相应的有限元损伤数值分析模型,并应用于比利时核废料库开挖过程中泥岩隧道附近围岩发生损伤演化、渗流场和应力场耦合过程分析中,得到了开挖引起的围岩损伤特性、孔隙压力以及渗透性的变化规律,为进一步研究隧道流变过程水力耦合特性合理的数值计算模型建立方法提供基础。     

金华山软岩铁路隧道施工过程围岩屈服接近度分析

隧道施工过程中围岩处于复杂应力状态下,隧道围岩屈服区演化特征的确定对于围岩稳定性分析和开挖支护方案优化具有重要的意义。采用屈服接近度指标衡量围岩破坏接近程度可以合理地描述复杂应力状态下围岩的应力危险性,对Mohr-Coulomb类岩体材料的屈服接近度函数进行了相应的推导,并在非线性有限元用户子程序上编程予以实现。介绍了赣州-龙岩铁路DKl33+095～DKl38+237段软弱围岩单线隧道正台阶步施工方案以及湿喷纤维混凝土支护方案。为了对该隧道施工过程中隧道围岩屈服区的演化特征进行合理评价,采用非线性有限元法对软弱围岩条件下的铁路隧道施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了施工过程中隧道围岩屈服接近度分布特征,判定了隧道台阶步施工过程中隧道围岩的稳定性。分析结果表明:该隧道施工过程中围岩破坏区主要发生在下台阶步施工过程中;屈服接近度指标比传统的塑性区分布提供的信息更加丰富,有利于工程技术人员定量地评价隧道开挖支护方案。