塔里木轮南油田三叠系层序与岩性圈闭

塔里木板块轮南井区三叠系为典型的克拉通内凹陷盆地型陆相碎屑岩,主要由湖泊和三角洲沉积体系构成产油层系。层序单元的划分对比是岩性油气藏圈定的核心技术,以测井和三维地震资料为依据建立井震合一的层序地层格架,所划分的3个层序8个体系域控制了三套区域性和多套局部性储盖组合。区域性储盖组合以层序为单元,层序下部的低位体系域和湖侵体系域砂岩组成区域性储层,上部高位体系域的湖相和三角洲相泥岩为区域性盖层,以构造圈闭为主;局部性储盖组合以体系域为单元,由同一体系域的砂岩和邻近泥岩组成,以岩性圈闭为主。结合地震储层预测技术可划定新的岩性地层圈闭,高位体系域期和湖侵体系域中发育的局部性储盖组合是岩性地层圈闭勘探的重点。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚古生代陆表海含煤岩系层序地层研究

通过区域不整合面、沉积体系转换面、构造应力场转换面和水上暴露面等层序界面的识别,对研究区进行层序地层划分,指出鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚古生代陆表海含煤岩系发育7个三级层序。在此基础上,认为陆表海层序仍然具有“三元”结构,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域组成。在盆地北部发育的多期河道砂岩具有低位体系域的下切谷充填特点——面状充填,如晋祠砂岩、桥头砂岩以及北岔沟砂岩等。煤层在层序格架中的定位与海平面变化的转换时期有关,主要发育在陆表海环境的海侵体系域下部以及陆相环境的高位体系域上部。     

陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组层序地层与天然气的关系

陕甘宁盆地马家沟组可划分出３ 个层序,每个层序均由海侵体系域及高位体系域所组成,海平面变化是控制层序形成的主要因素。此外,盆地基底构造对层序地层的分布也具有重要的影响,在盆地中部发育浅水层序,在盆地西部及南部则发育较深水层序。在盆地中部浅水层序的高位体系域中,生储盖组合最佳,具有较好的勘探前景     

鄂尔多斯东北部太原组上部灰岩段高分辨层序地层分析

根据对露头、测井和岩心资料的垂向分析和横向对比,结合古生物化石资料,在识别关键性界面的基础上,对鄂尔多斯东北部下二叠统太原组上部灰岩段建立了高分辨层序地层格架,划分出5个三级层序。研究层段为有陆源碎屑混入的碳酸盐缓坡沉积,形成于华北晚古生代最大海侵阶段。各层序分别由低位体系域的下切谷充填沉积的砂岩、砂砾岩,海侵体系的灰岩、泥灰岩、泥岩、煤和高位体系域的碎屑岩和煤组成。区内厚达数十米的桥头砂岩主要由几个层序低位域下切河谷充填沉积叠置而成。通过编制的各层序海侵域灰岩的厚度和分布图,证实层序3、4沉积期海侵范围最大。早二叠世早期海侵来自东南和西南两个方向      

鄂尔多斯盆地中南部上古生界层序与岩相古地理演化*

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地中南部上古生界层序特点与岩相古地理演化规律,利用周缘野外露头和盆地钻井测井相特征,分析层序界面、体系域界面的岩性、古构造及海侵方向变化特征,总结层序发育特点与岩相古地理演化规律。结果表明: 不同风化序列的区域性不整合面及海侵方向转换面为二级层序界面,区域性海退面、下切冲刷面及陆上暴露面为三级层序界面; 潮间带砂坪及近岸相海侵含砾砂岩顶为海侵面,最大海侵面发育灰岩、泥页岩及煤层,是海侵体系域与高位体系域分界面; 上古生界包括二级层序2个: MSQ1、MSQ2,三级层序6个: SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5、SQ6,其中SQ1—SQ2发育水进体系域与高位体系域,不发育低位体系域,SQ1为潟湖—障壁海岸沉积体系,SQ2为泥炭坪—泥坪相潮坪沉积;SQ3—SQ6发育完整的低位—海侵—高位体系域,SQ3发育区域性海退进积海陆过渡相三角洲沉积,SQ4早期为低位体系域下切冲蚀砂体,晚期沉积古环境由温暖湿润还原环境演变为炎热干燥的氧化环境,SQ5—SQ6早中期为氧化环境三角洲沉积,SQ6晚期为高位体系域具海侵夹层的潮坪相沉积。研究为鄂尔多斯盆地及其他盆地层序与岩相古地理演化提供理论依据。     

尼日尔三角洲Stubb Creek油田阿格巴达组层序地层学研究

根据测井、岩屑录井及地震资料,尼日尔三角洲Stubb Creek油田阿格巴达组可划分为SQl、SQ2、SQ3 3个层序.每个层序均由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域组成,符合Vail经典的层序地层学模式.各层序低位体系域底部在地震剖面上表现为一系列的削截面,高位体系域由下超面组成.层序界面还表现为沉积相的突变面.最大海泛面位于自然伽玛最大值处.低位体系域砂体在研究区北部最发育,向南部逐渐减薄,这与研究区的物源位于北部有关.研究区沉积体系包括下切谷充填、浅海陆棚和三角洲沉积体系.下切谷沉积体系分布在各层序低位体系域,浅海陆棚沉积体系分布在海侵体系域和高位体系域,而三角洲沉积体系仅分布在高位体系域.     

陆相前陆盆地沉积充填与层序地层模式探讨——以库车前陆盆地为例

以库车前陆盆地为例,对陆相前陆盆地的形成、沉积充填与层序地层结构、不整合面与层序界面、层序地层组成与其模式、生储盖组合与岩性地层圈闭等关键问题进行了探讨。认为前陆层序是盆缘构造运动的响应,由低位(冲积)体系域、湖侵体系域、高位体系域组成。前陆盆地层序界面表现为构造或沉积不整合面,代表了一次构造幕的发生,其层序地层样式是盆缘造山带构造楔推进作用的结果,是盆地演化的不同阶段的响应,反映了构造运动由强到弱的间歇变化。前陆层序界面代表了沉积结构的大转换,之下为构造稳定阶段的湖相泥岩或膏泥岩,之上为代表构造运动的冲积扇—扇三角洲相的巨厚磨拉石沉积充填。在构造活动期和静止期,盆地不同位置形成不同的沉积充填和地层结构特点。构造活动期以低位(冲积)体系域为主,在毗邻造山带侧以巨厚的冲积扇-扇三角洲-辫状河三角洲相等冲积沉积物为主;构造静止期以湖侵体系域为主,为广泛的河流-湖泊相沉积。沉积厚度从靠近冲断带侧向盆地内逐渐变小。陆相前陆盆地的生储盖组合配置好,储集体广泛分布于低位、湖侵和高位体系域中,以辫状河三角洲和滨湖相为主。其岩性地层圈闭主要分布在前缘斜坡带上,包括沿古隆起边缘的地层超覆不整合圈闭和地层削蚀不整合圈闭,将会成为今后油气勘探的新领域。     

华北石炭-二叠纪层序地层格架及其特征

华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造由两部分组成,下部为碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩构成的含煤建造,上部为硅质碎屑岩红色建造。根据不整合面及其它识别层序界面的标志,该沉积建造可划分为５个沉积层序。ＤＳ_１、ＤＳ_２、ＤＳ_３层序属陆表海型层序,其底界面为Ⅰ_ｅ型层序界面,层序内仅发育海侵体系域和高位体系域;ＤＳ_４层序为过渡型层序,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;ＤＳ_５层序为湖泊型层序,包括低水位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域。盆地充填超层序（ＤＳ_１-ＤＳ_５）的发育受控于全球二级相对海平面变化,而沉积层序的发育则与区域性造山作用引起的三级海平面变化有关。     

贵州水城矿区上二叠统层序地层及控煤作用

贵州西部水城矿区主要的含煤地层晚二叠世龙潭组为典型的海陆过渡相含煤岩系,其沉积环境有下三角洲平原、潮坪和泻湖等。作者对水城矿区上二叠统含煤岩系龙潭组和汪家寨组层序地层进行了分析,共识别出4个层序界面,并根据层序界面将水城矿区上二叠统划分为3个层序地层,层序Ⅰ从峨眉山玄武岩顶界到标七底界;层序Ⅱ从标七底界开始到四号煤层底板;层序Ⅲ从四号煤层底板开始到二叠系与三叠系的不整合面。三个层序地层中层序Ⅱ煤层发育最好,层序Ⅲ次之,层序Ⅰ最差。在层序中又进一步划分出低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域,其中尤以海侵体系域最有利成煤作用,高位体系域次之,低位体系域最差。     

黑龙江七星河含煤盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江省东部七星河盆地是一新生代聚煤盆地,其含煤地层为古近系宝泉岭组、新近系富锦组。宝泉岭组由各级砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩以及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、三角洲平原相,属于湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系。富锦组主要由泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层、炭质泥岩、硅藻岩组成,发育滨浅湖相、扇三角洲平原相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和扇三角洲沉积体系。层序SI相当于宝泉岭组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,煤层主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SII相当于富锦组,主要发育湖侵体系域、高位体系域,局部地区发育低位体系域,煤层亦主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以扇三角洲淤积沼泽和滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SI、SII的高位体系域中后期,盆地基底沉降速率和物源供给处于相对平衡状态,主要发育了扇三角洲淤积沼泽、滨浅湖和滨浅湖淤积沼泽环境,发育可采煤层。     

松辽盆地北部浅层层序格架中的储盖组合特征

本文采用地震和钻测井资料,建立了松辽盆地北部浅层的层序地层格架,分析了各体系域内沉积相的特征。在此基础上,研究了储层和盖层的发育特征,并探讨了储盖组合的配置关系。认为储集岩主要为四方台组层序格架中的湖侵体系域河流相砂岩和湖退体系域中的三角洲相砂岩及滨浅湖滩坝砂岩,平面上主要集中在齐家,古龙凹陷、龙虎-大安阶地、长垣南部和三肇凹陷等地区。盖层主要为每一层序中最大湖泛面上下的稳定泥岩段,其中四方台组下部层序中的泥岩段为局部盖层,四方台组中上部及明一段层序中的泥岩段为较有利的区域盖层。     

塔中地区石炭系东河砂岩层序地层研究

东河砂岩是沉积于早海西期角度不整合面之上的第一套旋回性地层单元，它是由最底部的低水位体系域（ＬＳＴ）、海侵体系域（ＴＳＴ）及高水位体系域组成的Ⅰ类标准沉积层序，相当于三级海平面旋回的沉积地层。ＬＳＴ以缺失其早期的盆底扇、斜坡楔状体等为特征，仅发育其晚期的陆上河流充填沉积；ＴＳＴ中不发育凝缩层段，副层序在垂向上以弱退积至加积方式堆叠。一个完整的海平面相对升降旋回导致区内不同时期、不同地区的沉积体系及沉积特征不同。     

黔南-桂中地区泥盆系层序地层格架中的储集体特征研究

通过对黔南坳陷和桂中坳陷的地层对比和分析,识别出了8种层序界面标志,共划分两个超(二级)层序SS1和SS2,并讨论了各体系域特征。在层序格架中对研究区内的储集体类型进行了总结,主要包括生物礁(滩)储集体、白云岩储集体和缝洞型储集体等3种类型。对层序格架中储集体的成因类型进行了总结归纳:有利的储集体主要有TST礁滩灰岩储集体、HST礁滩灰岩、白云岩储集体。     

陆相含油气盆地中白云岩产出的层序类型及其层序地层学分析——以东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部白云岩为例

本文以东营凹陷西部沙河街组三段上部白云岩为例，对白云岩产出的层序类型进行了分析，结果表明区内白云岩在不同钻井中产出的层序特征不同，分别与砂砾岩、粉砂岩、泥岩等互层．在上述基础上，运用层序地层学理论对白云岩层进行了层序地层学分析，其为高水位体系域晚期发展阶段的产物，是进积准层序的组成单元。     

Sedimentology and lithostratigraphy of Upper Eocene sponge‐rich sediments,southern Western Australia

Late Eocene time in the Bremer and western Eucla Basins of southern Western Australia was a period of terrigenous clastic and abundant, unusual, biosiliceous sponge sedimentation. The Pallinup Formation (revised) consists of five units; 1 and 2 are basal sandstones, 3 and 4 are variably spiculitic mudstones, whilst the uppermost unit is spiculite and spongolite, and formalised as the Fitzgerald Member (new). The Pallinup Formation, plus coeval spiculites in palaeovalleys and carbonates in the western Eucla Basin, accumulated during one large‐scale, transgressive‐regressive relative sea‐level cycle. Drowned, low‐gradient rivers supplied mud but little sand. Instead, sand was locally sourced via transgressive shoreface erosion of deeply weathered regolith. Regression terminated shoreface erosion, eliminated the sand source, and resulted in a river‐supplied, clay‐dominated shallow‐marine depositional system. The unit 2–3 sandstone‐mudstone transition, which would normally be interpreted as transgressive drowning, is in this case the result of regressive cessation of sand supply. The peak relative sea‐level (highstand) horizon thus lies within unit 2 sandstones, a facies that would usually be considered wholly transgressive, and no highstand systems tract was deposited. The maximum flooding and downlap surfaces are the same horizon and cap the transgressive systems tract. They formed coincidentally or subsequent to peak relative sea‐level, but prior to initiation of unit 3 mudstone deposition. Upper unit 2 plus unit 3 represent a condensed section systems tract, and unit 4 plus the Fitzgerald Member comprise a regressive systems tract.     

Allogenic controls on the evolution of storm to tidal shelf sequences in the Early Proterozoic Uncompahgre Group, southwest Colorado, USA

Dominantly coarse-grained, shallow-marine, metasedimentary rocks of the Early Proterozoic Uncompahgre Group (UG) record periods of shoaling and drowning on different temporal scales that are attributed to episodic long-term oscillations in relative sea-level with superimposed shorter duration excursions in relative sea-level. Long-term events are probably tectonic whereas short-term events are eustatic. The 2–5 km thick Uncompahgre Group consists of 250–600 m thick, dominantly coarse-grained quartzite units (Q1–Q4) and 200–300 m thick mudstone/pelite units (P1–P5). Five depositional systems comprise the Uncompahgre Group. The outer shelf system (OSS) is composed of Bouma-type beds and intercalated mudstones that are transitional vertically to parallel-laminated to wave-rippled sandstones and hummocky cross-stratified sandstones of the inner shelf system (ISS). Trough cross-stratified sandstones comprise the shoreface system (SHS). The tidal inner shelf/shoreface system (TIS/SHS) consists of a complex interlayering of cross-bedded sandstones, thin-bedded conglomerates, mudstones and rippled sandstones. Trough cross-bedded pebbly sandstones and thin- to thick-bedded conglomerates represent the alluvial system (ALLS). Depositional systems in the UG are associated in transgressive and highstand-systems tracts that make up four sequences (1 to 4). Sequence boundaries do not correspond with lithostratigraphic boundaries but are defined by subtle unconformities. The basal Q1–P1 unit (lower sequence 1) consists of ALLS to TIS/ SHS to ISS comprising a transgressive systems tract. A maximum marine incursion is reflected by deposition of OSS facies in stratigraphic units P1–P2. Shoaling in the transition from P2 to the uppermedial portion of Q2 (OSS—ISS—SHS to a thick TIS/SHS—ALLS) records the highstand systems tract of upper sequence 1. A subtle disconformity/paraconformity delineates a type 2 sequence boundary at the top of the highstand systems tract. The drowning to shoaling pattern is replicated in sequence 2 (upper Q2 to P3 to upper medial Q3); sequence 3 (upper Q3 to P4 to upper-medial Q4); and an incomplete sequence 4 (upper Q4 through P5). Thinner shoaling intervals of OSS—ISS—SHS in P3 and in lower Q2, Q3 and Q4 represent parasequences. Sequences of 10⁷ years duration are attributed to periods of increasing and decreasing subsidence rates due to tectonism marginal to the sedimentary basin. Parasequences record shorter duration temporal controls of c. 10⁴ to 10⁵ years related to eustatic oscillations. As a consequence of shoaling and aggradation/ progradation in the highstand systems tract, TIS/SHS and ALLS overlie and are temporally separated from OSS to ISS to SHS. This transition records filling of the basin to sea-level leading to a shelf geometry that was conducive to tidal amplification. A composite relative sea-level curve integrating long-term pulsatory subsidence and short-term eustasy best explains the stratigraphic evolution of the Uncompahgre Group.     

陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组层序沉积有机相特征及其烃源岩分布

沉积有机相是具有相似沉积环境、生物组合、成岩环境、氧化-还原条件以及相近有机质特征的地层单元,其分布受沉积盆地中层序地层格架所控制。因此,层序沉积有机相分析可成为确定和预测烃源岩分布的一种有效工具。本文采用层序地层分析与沉积有机相分析相结合的方法,将陕甘宁盆地下奥陶统马家沟组划分为三个层序,并探讨了每个层序中沉积有机相的分布特征。研究表明,沉积有机相在层序地层格架中的分布呈显出一定的规律性,在盆地西部及南部的较深水层序中,沉积有利相类型主要为开阔台地C相,在垂向上变化不大,有机碳含量为 0.0 8%～ 0.1 8%。在盆地中部浅水层序中,海侵体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为开阔台地C相及局限台地D相,有机碳含量为 0.1 2 %～ 0.2 5 %,而高位体系域的沉积有机相类型主要为局限台地D相和蒸发台地E相,有机碳含量为 0.1 7%～ 0.49%,反映出盆地中部浅水层序中的高位体系域是烃源岩分布的最有利地带。     

Sequence stratigraphic evolution of the syn-rift Early Cretaceous sediments,West Beni Suef Basin,the Western Desert of Egypt with remarks on its hydrocarbon accumulations

The Beni Suef Basin is a petroliferous rift basin straddling the River Nile containing a thick Mesozoic–Paleogene succession. The Kharita Formation is formed in the syn-rift phase of the basin formation and is subdivided into the Lower and Upper Kharita members. These two members are regarded as two third-order depositional sequences (DSQ-1 and DSQ-2). The lowstand systems tract (LST-1) of the DSQ-1 is represented by thick amalgamated sandstone bodies deposited by active braided channels. Mid-Albian tectonic subsidence led to a short-lived marine invasion which produced coastal marine and inner-shelf facies belts during an ensuing transgressive systems tract (TST-1). At the end of the mid-Albian, a phase of tectonic uplift gradually rose the continent creating a fall in relative sea level, resulting in deposition of shallow marine and estuarine facies belts during a highstand systems tract (HST-1). During the Late Albian, a new phase of land-rejuvenation commenced, with a prolonged phase of fluvial depositional. Fluvial deposits consisted of belts of amalgamated, vertically aggraded sandstones interpreted as braided and moderately sinuous channels, in the lower part of the Upper Kharita Member lowstand stage (LST-2). The continuous basin filling, coupled with significant lowering in the surrounding highlands changed the drainage regime into a wide belt of meandering river depositing the transgressive stage (TST-2). The history of the Kharita Formation finalized with a Cenomanian marine transgressive phase. Economically, the TST-1 and HST-1 play a significant role as source rocks for hydrocarbon accumulations, whereas LST-2 act as good reservoir rocks in the Early Cretaceous in the Basin.     

Controlling factors of reservoir quality in low-permeability reservoir within a sequence stratigraphic framework: a case study of the lower Jurassic sandstones in the Northern margin of the Qaidam Basin,China

The Qaidam Basin, one of China’s most prolific petroliferous basins, is located in the northeastern corner of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Using analytical data from cores, thin-sections and seismic data, and combined with the previous sequence stratigraphy research results, research on the reservoir characteristics was undertaken. The main controlling factors of reservoir quality in the sequence stratigraphy framework in the Lenghu area are discussed. The Lower Jurassic includes lowstand system tract (LST) and transitional systems tract (TST); the highstand systems tract are missing owing to tectonic uplift. The Lower Jurassic sandstones are composed of moderately to poorly sorted, subrounded sandstone representing several representative environments, including fan-delta and lacustrine facies. The main types of the Lower Jurassic sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenite and lithic sandstone. The pore types of the Lower Jurassic sandstones are mainly secondary dissolution pores with few fracture types. The Lower Jurassic sandstones have experienced strong compaction that resulted in the loss of primary porosity. Carbonate cementation of the LST sandstones is greater than in the TST sandstones. Dissolution, which has an important role in reservoir development, is mainly caused by acidic fluids from the matured source rocks in the LST and meteoric water ingression from the top sequence boundary in the TST. Distributary channel sandstones adjacent to coal and mudstones are favourable reservoirs with turbidite sandstones adjacent to the sequence boundary less favourable reservoirs.     

二龙山含煤盆地中新世富锦组沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江东部二龙山盆地是一新生代陆相聚煤盆地,中新世富锦组是其含煤地层。通过对富锦组沉积相、层序地层和聚煤作用特征的研究,可以看出:富锦组主要由凝灰质粉砂岩及中细砂岩、凝灰质砾岩及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、冲积扇扇根相、扇中相及沼泽相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和冲积扇沉积体系;富锦组是一个以区域不整合面为上下界的三级层序,其低位体系域对应底部砾岩段,湖侵体系域对应下部砂岩段和中部含煤段,高位体系域对应上部砂岩段;研究区煤层形成于湖侵体系域末期,且以盆地中部煤层厚度最大,向西北和西南方向煤层均变薄;聚煤作用明显受基底沉降作用影响,在湖侵体系域末期基底稳定沉降阶段,可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡,从而形成了区内巨厚煤层。