准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树凹陷主要分布侏罗系、白垩系和古近系3套潜在烃源岩,其中侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,部分为Ⅱ2型,生烃潜力较高;三工河组烃源岩有机质丰度、类型明显偏差,生烃潜力较低;西山窑组泥岩有机质丰度较高,但由于受西山窑组沉积末期构造抬升导致地层剥蚀的影响,烃源岩厚度较小,总体上生烃条件较差;白垩系烃源岩在四棵树凹陷最大厚度可达300 m,处于低熟阶段,生烃潜力较小;古近系烃源岩有机质丰度较高、类型好,但成熟度偏低,生烃条件较差。侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩处于主要生油阶段;白垩系烃源岩已达到生烃门限,处于低熟—中等成熟阶段;古近系烃源岩成熟度偏低,目前仍处于未熟到低熟阶段。油源对比表明,四棵树凹陷北部斜坡及车排子凸起带原油主要来源于四棵树凹陷及沙湾凹陷侏罗系烃源灶,后期受到白垩系低熟油源灶的侵染,古近系烃源岩的油源贡献有限。     

车排子凸起南缘原油类型划分及油源分析

正车排子地区区域构造上位于准噶尔盆地西部隆起区,车排子凸起为隆起区主体,西北临近扎伊尔山,向南以斜坡形式逐渐过渡到四棵树凹陷,向东以红车断裂带与昌吉凹陷及中拐凸起相接,是形成于晚海西运动早期的一继承性的古隆起。车排子凸起构造条件良好,油源丰富,具备比较有利的油气聚集条件。以往研究表明,车排子地区古近系和新近系油源复杂,前人认为新近系原油与侏罗系烃源岩存在密切关系,但也存在较大争议,即其究竟是侏罗系和古近系油源的混源,     

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷原油地球化学特征与油源分析

沙湾凹陷作为准噶尔盆地西北缘重要的油气富集凹陷,在红车断裂带和斜坡区域均有重大油气发现。为明确沙湾凹陷周缘构造原油的来源,采用全烃地球化学分析方法,分析准噶尔盆地西北缘地区4套烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,进行油-源和油-油对比研究。研究认为沙湾凹陷原油可分为5类,5类原油生物标志化合物指标与碳同位素分别表现为不同的特征,其中:A₁亚类原油来源于二叠系下乌尔禾组烃源岩高成熟阶段,A₂亚类原油来源于下乌尔禾组烃源岩成熟阶段,B类原油来源于风城组和下乌尔禾组的烃源岩的混合,C类原油来源于二叠系风城组烃源岩成熟—高成熟阶段,D类原油为侏罗系烃源岩产物。     

独山子背斜沙湾组油源对比分析及油气成藏模式探讨

独山子背斜位于准噶尔盆地北天山山前冲断带四棵树凹陷。四棵树凹陷不同程度地发育二叠系、侏罗系、白垩系和古近系等多套烃源岩,具多个生烃期及多期成藏特征。不同时期生成的原油相互混合,导致成藏油源判识困难。据碳同位素、正构烷烃、生物标志化合物等地球化学分析资料,对独山子背斜沙湾组原油进行油源对比研究。结果表明:独山子背斜沙湾组原油与古近系安集海河组烃源岩具很好的亲缘关系。来自渐—始新统安集海河组油气通过独山子断裂向上运移至沙湾组,被上部新近系塔西河组巨厚泥岩封盖而聚集成藏。     

准噶尔盆地车排子隆起西南部原油地球化学特征及油源分析

车排子隆起毗邻昌吉凹陷和四棵树凹陷,油源丰富,构造条件良好,具备比较有利的油气聚集条件。近年来已在车排子隆起的侏罗系、白垩系、古近系和新近系获高产工业油气流。分析了车排子隆起西南部原油（或油砂抽提物）的地球化学特征,并对其油源作初步分析。结果表明研究区具有两类地球化学性质存在明显差别的原油。第一类原油遭受了不同程度的生物降解,并存在二次充注现象,推测早期充注原油来自昌吉凹陷二叠系,并遭受了不同程度的生物降解,后期混入了来自侏罗系烃源岩生成的原油。第二类原油具有侏罗系煤系烃源岩与白垩系湖相泥质烃源岩混源的特点,这类原油的碳同位素组成、正构烷烃分布特征和姥植比等均表现出煤成油的特征,但甾、萜烷烃类化合物组成与白垩系烃源岩接近,推测是由于侏罗系煤成油在向上运移成藏过程中,受到成熟度相对较低、生物标志物相对丰富的白垩系烃源岩的浸析作用所致。     

准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

近年来,准噶尔盆地南缘勘探实践表明,部分油气来源于白垩系烃源岩,勘探前景广阔。系统分析了白垩系烃源岩分布特征、生烃潜力及沉积环境。研究结果表明,准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩分布范围广、厚度大,最大厚度达500m,但烃源岩非均质性强,成烃贡献区域主要集中在山前断裂带东西两侧,自西部四棵树凹陷部分区域,至沙湾凹陷东部。准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘白垩系烃源岩生烃潜力变化较大,非均值性强,在四棵树凹陷与沙湾凹陷均有优质层段出现,w(TOC)在1.0%以上,(S1+S2)在2mg/g以上,烃源岩较好,有机质类型为Ⅱ2型,部分为Ⅲ型,生烃组分为孢子体、角质体及部分壳屑体。四棵树凹陷与沙湾凹陷白垩系烃源岩的地球化学特征比较接近,白垩纪沉积时期,研究区气候干燥,沉积中心在沙湾凹陷南缘区域,主要发育滨浅湖相沉积,局部地区(如沙湾凹陷)发育半深湖相沉积,烃源岩主要形成于以藻类或其他低等水生生物与陆源高等植物输入为主的弱还原-还原沉积环境。     

准噶尔盆地油气源、油气分布与油气系统

准噶尔盆地是中国西部典型的多旋回叠合盆地,发育有石炭系、二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系和古近系6套烃源岩,同时存在6大类原油和3大类天然气,广泛分布于盆地不同地区。西北缘原油总体相似,碳同位素组成轻(δ~(13)C-29‰),胡萝卜烷、类异戊二烯烷烃、三环萜烷、伽马蜡烷丰富,甾烷以C_(28)、C_(29)为主,基本没有重排甾烷,为第二类原油,来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩。腹部绝大多数原油与西北缘原油相似,但胡萝卜烷、类异戊二烯烷烃、伽马蜡烷等有差异,来源于不同凹陷的二叠系湖相烃源岩;少量原油碳同位素组成重(δ~(13)C-28‰~-26‰),Pr/Ph大于2.5,三环萜烷以C_(19)、C_(20)为主,藿烷丰富而伽马蜡烷极低,以C_(29)规则甾烷及重排甾烷为主,为第四类原油,来源于侏罗系煤系烃源岩。东部存在5种类型原油,第一类原油碳同位素组成特别重(δ~(13)C-26‰),来源于石炭系烃源岩;第二类原油与腹部地区绝大多数原油十分相似,来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩;第三类原油碳同位索组成轻,重排甾烷、Ts、C_(29)Ts及C_(30)重排藿烷异常丰富,来源于中上三叠统湖相烃源岩;第四类原油源于侏罗系煤系烃源岩;混合类原油为二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系原油的混合,各自贡献平均分别为20%、15%和65%。南缘存在4类典型原油,为第二、第四、第五和第六类原油,其中第二、第四类分别源于二叠系和侏罗系;第五类原油碳同位素组成轻(δ~(13)C-29‰)、Pr/Ph1.0、伽马蜡烷丰富且有两个异构体、Ts、C_(29)Ts、C_(30)重排藿烷、C_(27)~C_(29)异胆甾烷及C_(30)甲基甾烷丰富,来源于白垩系湖相烃源岩;第六类原油主要为中低成熟原油,碳同位素组成δ~(13)C~28‰~-26‰,C_(27)、C_(28)、C_(29)甾烷呈"V"型分布,甲藻甾烷异常丰富,来源于古近系湖相烃源岩。准噶尔盆地天然气有油型气、混合气和煤型气,前两类主要来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩和石炭系海相烃源岩,煤型气主要来源于石炭系和侏罗系煤系烃源岩。不同类型油气分布与不同时代烃源灶具有良好对应关系:石炭系油气主要分布于陆东-五彩湾;二叠系油气主要分布于西北缘、腹部与东部;三叠系原油仅分布于东部;侏罗系原油主要分布于东部与南部;白垩系原油仅分布于南缘中部;古近系原油仅分布于南缘西部。按照盆地构造特征及不同时代烃源灶与油气关系,将准噶尔盆地划分为西部、中部、东部、南部及乌伦古5个油气系统及15个子油气系统。     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系沙湾组油气来源与成藏过程分析

<正>车排子凸起位于准噶尔盆地西部隆起南部,是一个海西晚期形成且长期继承性发育的石炭纪—侏罗纪古凸起;其西面和北面邻近扎伊尔山,东与沙湾凹陷毗邻,南与四棵树凹陷相接,是有利的复式油气聚集区。长期的勘探成果显示,新近系沙湾组油气资源丰富,在车510、车89、排2、排8等多个井区获得高产工业油气流。由于研究区存在多套烃源岩,而且构造运动活跃,古油藏遭受不同程度的破坏与改造,致使油源对比、油油对比工作困难重重。依据姥植比、伽马蜡烷指数、γ-蜡烷/αβRC31H、C29甾烷20S/(20S+20R)、     

车排子凸起轻质油成熟度分析与烃源层再认识

通过对车排子凸起南部轻质油的甲基双金刚烷和甲基菲参数分析,发现其成熟度已达等效镜质组反射率约1.3％～1.6％的高过成熟阶段.结合周边凹陷烃源岩演化特征分析,认为该区轻质油来源于侏罗系烃源岩的可能性较小,来自二叠系高过成熟烃源岩的可能性较大.该区轻质油地球化学特征与二叠系烃源岩差异较大,而与白垩系和古近系烃源岩地球化学特征相似,推断该高过成熟油气中不含生物标志化合物或生物标志化合物含量极低,其现有特征是在运移过程中受成熟度较低而生物标志化合物含量丰富的烃源岩可溶有机质浸染所致.这一认识不但对揭示研究区的油气成藏规律具有重要的理论和实践意义,也将为准噶尔南部深凹区及山前坳陷区轻质原油及天然气来源的重新认识提供合理的参考依据.     

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷石油地质特征及勘探方向

准噶尔盆地南缘西段四棵树凹陷自晚三叠世以来经历了3个发展演化阶段.凹陷内发育侏罗系煤系地层和古近系安集海河组暗色泥岩二套烃源岩层,其中侏罗系是主力烃源岩;新近系塔西河组、沙湾组、古近系安集海河组、紫泥泉子组、白垩系吐谷鲁群及侏罗系头屯河组砂岩、砂砾岩储集层为主要勘探目的层;新近系塔西河组、古近系安集海河组、白垩系吐谷鲁群、侏罗系三工河组泥岩为区域性盖层;主力烃源岩生烃门限深度(Ro=0.6%)约在5 000 m左右,生烃高峰和排烃高峰期在喜马拉雅期,与凹陷内圈闭的形成期相匹配.该凹陷艾卡构造带东部、托斯台构造群及北天山推覆体之下隐伏背斜构造带是油气勘探的主要方向.     

准噶尔盆地西部车排子凸起新近系沙湾组成藏体系与富集规律

准噶尔盆地西部车排子凸起远源成藏,新近系油气藏和油气显示基本都在一套厚砂层和其上的薄砂层中,厚砂层和薄砂层之间存在密切的油源联系。针对这一成藏现象,利用区域构造、油源对比、输导体系、化验证据、成藏特征等手段,系统研究车排子的成藏体系。结果表明,车排子轻质油源岩为侏罗系,主要来自昌吉凹陷西部,油气运移指向为东南到西北方向。区域构造运动形成的白垩系与侏罗系的不整合面和红车断裂的长期活动使得油气能从深部生烃区向浅层凸起区长距离运移。沙湾组一段区域展布的厚砂层高效的横向输导作用是车排子凸起油气规模富集的关键,喜马拉雅期小断层的纵向沟通促成了沙湾组二段薄砂岩性体的最终成藏。白垩系与侏罗系的不整合面-红车断裂-沙湾组一段厚砂层的紧密接触、良好匹配构成了复式、高效的输导格架。通过成藏体系研究,归纳总结了车排子地区的成藏模式,并提出沙湾组二段岩性油气藏和一段上倾尖灭或超覆油气藏是最有利的勘探方向。     

Source and commingling features of light oils from the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China

Geochemical composition characteristics of light oils from the Tertiary in the west of the Chepaizi uplift in the Junggar basin, northwest China, are distinct from those of biodegraded oils derived from the Permian in the study area and crude oils from some adjacent oil fields such as the Chepaizi and Xiaoguai oilfields. Oil source correlation shows that light oils in the study area have similar n-alkane and isoprenoid distribution patterns and carbon isotope compositions with the coal-derived oils from the Jurassic, and display obvious discrepancy on biomarker composition characteristics with the Cretaceous source rock extracts, inferring that they are probably the mixed oils from the Jurassic coal measures and Cretaceous source rocks. In this study, combined with the geochemical data of coal-derived oils from the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks or crude oils from the Cretaceous, the source and commingling features of the Tertiary crude oils of Well Pai 2 and Well Pai 8 were investigated. The proportion of the two sources in the mixed crude oils was estimated, and the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of reservoirs in the study area was established.     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏地球化学分析

依据生物标志物的分布和组成特征,准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组的原油可以分为两类,庄1井和沙1井原油属于第一类,源于下二叠统风城组;南部征沙村地区征1井原油为第二类,源于中二叠统下乌尔禾组,也有侏罗系的贡献。根据流体包裹体均一化温度分布,结合生排烃史与构造配置关系研究,认为征1井三工河组油藏主要成藏期是古近纪以来,油气来自于昌吉凹陷的下乌尔禾组和侏罗系烃源岩;而庄1井和沙1井三工河组油藏具有多源多期油气注入,早白垩世末至古近纪,油气来自于北部盆1井西凹陷风城组,古近纪构造调整以来,混入了来源于昌吉凹陷的油气。各口井原油含氮化合物的分布特征,证实了研究区侏罗系原油近期是从征1井向北运移的。     

Characteristics of Oil Sources from the Chepaizi Swell,Junggar Basin,China

<正>So far there has been no common opinion on oil source of the Chepaizi swell in the Junggar Basin.Therefore,it is difficult to determine the pathway system and trend of hydrocarbon migration, and this resulted in difficulties in study of oil-gas accumulation patterns.In this paper,study of nitrogen compounds distribution in oils from Chepaizi was carried out in order to classify source rocks of oils stored in different reservoirs in the study area.Then,migration characteristics of oils from the same source were investigated by using nitrogen compounds parameters.The results of nitrogen compounds in a group of oil/oil sand samples from the same source indicate that the oils trapped in the Chepaizi swell experienced an obvious vertical migration.With increasing migration distance,amounts and indices of carbazoles have a regular changing pattern(in a fine linear relationship).By using nitrogen compounds techniques,the analyzed oil/oil sand samples of Chepaizi can be classified into two groups.One is the samples stored in reservoir beds of the Cretaceous and Tertiary,and these oils came from mainly Jurassic source rock with a small amount of Cretaceous rock;the other is those stored in the Jurassic,Permian and Carboniferous beds,and they originated from the Permian source.In addition,a sample of oil from an upper Jurassic reservoir(Well Ka 6), which was generated from Jurassic coal source rock,has a totally different nitrogen compound distribution from those of the above-mentioned two groups of samples,which were generated from mudstone sources.Because of influence from fractionation of oil migration,amounts and ratios of nitrogen compounds with different structures and polarities change regularly with increasing migrating distance,and as a result the samples with the same source follow a good linear relationship in content and ratio,while the oil samples of different sources have obviously different nitrogen compound distribution owing to different organic matter types of their source rocks.These conclusions of oil source study are identical with those obtained by other geochemical bio-markers. Therefore,nitrogen compounds are of great significance in oil type classification and oil/source correlation.     

准噶尔西部陆内盆地构造演化与油气聚集

准噶尔盆地西部油气资源丰富,油气分布受构造演化过程控制作用显著。本文根据地表露头、地震、钻井、同位素年代学资料对盆地西部多期构造演化进行了研究,发现现今的盆地结构是造山带与盆地的相互作用下多期成盆演化与构造叠加演变的结果。根据地层不整合接触关系与空间展布特征,将该区构造地层层序划分为石炭系、中下二叠统、上二叠统—三叠系、侏罗系、白垩系、新生界等6个构造地层层序。石炭纪末的构造事件为车排子、中拐凸起和玛湖、沙湾、四棵树凹陷的形成奠定了基础。早二叠世为伸展构造环境,形成玛湖、沙湾及四棵树3个沉降、沉积中心,盆地西部重要烃源岩形成。中二叠世形成坳陷型盆地,沉积、沉降中心由山前向盆地内迁移。中二叠世末构造运动导致了西部山前沉积地层反转与隆升剥蚀,断裂向盆地逆冲。晚二叠世—三叠纪大型坳陷盆地的沉积、沉降中心在沙湾凹陷,受车排子凸起北翼断裂控制,地层向北、西超覆沉积,相继将中拐凸起、玛湖凹陷及山前断裂带埋藏。三叠纪末的构造运动在乌-夏和车排子地区形成向盆地方向的逆冲构造带。前侏罗纪,造山带与盆地表现出不同方式、不同强度构造耦合作用。侏罗纪—白垩纪,西准噶尔的构造活动弱,湖盆地不断扩张,沉积地层不断向造山带方向超覆;沉积、沉降中心由西向东,再由东向西,最后向南迁移演化。新生代,北天山山前强烈拗陷,盆地整体南北向掀斜,形成新近纪前陆盆地。盆地的多期翘倾掀斜作用与后期沉积地层向造山带的超覆沉积作用控制了油气的聚集,被后期埋藏的冲断带成为油气富集带。     

Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the central Junggar Basin,northwest China

The petroliferous central Junggar Basin in northwest China is predominantly an oil exploration region. However, its gas exploration also might have good prospects. Thus to assist in gas exploration, the geochemistry and origins of gases are discussed in this paper based on relatively comprehensive analyses of compositions, carbon isotopes and light hydrocarbons of gases. Based on the results, the gas genetic types are grouped into families and combined with the geological setting (e.g., biomarkers of retrograde condensates and source rock characteristics). We show that there are four representative genetic types of gases. The first consists of gases derived from Permian lacustrine mudstones with type I–II kerogen and type III kerogen sources in the Penyijingxi sag. Their representative geochemical feature is δ¹³C₂ ranging from −31.4‰ to −24.7‰. The second is gas sourced from Carboniferous tufaceous mudstones of type III kerogen in the Dishuiquan sag, whose representative geochemical feature is the heaviest values of δ¹³C₁ in the studied samples, ranging from −32.0‰ to −30.4‰. The third consists of gases sourced from Jurassic coals and mudstones in the Shawan–Fukang sag. The light hydrocarbon fingerprints of these gases are similar to those of gases and oils typically derived from Jurassic source rocks in the southern Junggar Basin. The fourth is gas most likely generated from the degradation of crude oil. It is mainly found in the Luliang area and has dryness values as much as 0.999 and δ¹³C₁ ranging from −54.8‰ to −43.2‰. Among these four types of gases, the first (mainly sourced from the Permian lacustrine mudstones in the Penyijingxi sag) is the predominant type.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Well Zheng-1 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied.     

Petroleum Origins and Accumulation Patterns in the Weixinan Sag in the Beibu Gulf Basin, Using Subsag B as an Example

Crude oil has been discovered in the Paleogene and Neogene units of the Weixinan Sag in the Beibu Gulf Basin. To determine the source and accumulation mode of this crude oil, 12 crude oil samples and 27 source rock samples were collected and an extensive organic geochemical analysis was conducted on them. Based on the geological conditions and the analytical results, the types, origins and accumulation patterns of crude oil in the study area were elucidated. Except for a shallowly-buried and biodegraded crude oil deposit in Neogene rocks, the crude oil samples in the study area were normal. All of the crude oils were derived from lacustrine source rocks. According to biomarker compositions, the crude oils could be divided into two families, A and B, distinctions that were reinforced by differences in carbon isotope composition and spatial distribution. Oil-source correlation analysis based on biomarkers revealed that Family A oils were derived from the mature oil shale at the bottom of the second member of the Liushagang Formation, while the Family B oils formed in the mature shale of the Liushagang Formation. The Family A oils, generated by oil shale, mainly migrated laterally along sand bodies and were then redistributed in adjacent reservoirs above and below the oil shale layer, as well as in shallow layers at high structural positions, occupying a wide distribution range. The Family B oils were generated by other shale units before migrating vertically along faults to form reservoirs nearby, resulting in a narrow distribution range.     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系原油勘探前景探讨

准噶尔盆地腹部地区长期以来以二叠系原油的勘探与研究为主。本文在总结本区现已发现侏罗系典型原油地球化学特征的基础上,通过混源油人工配比模拟实验揭示了侏罗系与二叠系原油在混合过程中的典型生物标志物变化特点,提出判识混源油组成的可能标志。据此标准,查清了研究区现有侏罗系原油和油砂的分布特点,再结合侏罗系烃源岩的分布情况,认为本区侏罗系原油可望具有良好的勘探前景,应重视对其勘探和研究。