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1.
矿床原生晕的垂直分带研究是寻找隐伏矿体和盲矿体的有效方法之一。本文通过对 30余种元素的分析 ,研究元素的分带指数、变化系数和变化指数梯度差 ,由此得出矿床原生晕由上至下的垂直分带为 :Mn Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As( 1 82 0中段 ) ;Bi W Co Sb( 1 730中段 ) ;Mo Y( 1 70 0中段 ) ;Ni V Nb Sr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag( 1 6 4 0中段 ) ;Pb Ga B Ba( 1 5 2 0中段 )。 30种元素的分带序列为 :Mn Ag1 Pb1 Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As Bi W Co Sb Mo Y Ni V Nb Sr Cr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag2 Pb2 Ga B Ba。  相似文献   

2.
泉州城市表层土壤中金属元素来源分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采集了泉州市47个城市表层土壤样,用ICP-MS检测技术,研究了土壤中26种重金属元素的富集特征、环境风险及污染来源。富集因子结果显示,与泉州市土壤背景值相比,Li、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、Ta在城市表层土壤中的富集因子大于1,而Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ga、Ge、As、Rb、Y、Nb、Cs、Bi、Th、U的富集因子小于1。从功能区上看,工业区污染最为严重,其次依次为农业区、商住区、城市绿地、交通区。环境风险指数表明,泉州市城市表层土壤中重金属污染具有极高的环境风险,达到极高风险级别的样品占48.9%。采用多元统计分析方法对土壤样品中各金属元素来源进行解析,结果表明,研究区城市表层土壤中金属元素总体可分成5类:①交通运输类(Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi);②工业因子类(Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn);③自然因子类别(Ga、Ge、Ti、V、Cu);④混合因子类别(Zn、Cd、Sr、Th、U、Y、As、Cs、Nb、Ta、Rb);⑤生活垃圾因子类别(Li)。  相似文献   

3.
中国城市土壤化学元素的背景值与基准值   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
成杭新  李括  李敏 《地学前缘》2014,(3):265-306
通过对中国31个省会城市3 799件表层土壤样品(0~20cm)和1 011件深层土壤样品(150~180cm)中52种化学元素(Ag、As、Au、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Br、Cd、Ce、Cl、Co、Cr、Cu、F、Ga、Ge、Hg、I、La、Li、Mn、Mo、N、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Sn、Sr、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、W、Y、Zn、Zr、SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O和K2O)及pH和有机碳(Corg)数据分布结构的研究,采用中位数-绝对中位差法、正态和对数正态法计算出中国及31个省会城市土壤52种化学元素的地球化学背景值、基准值及它们的变化区间。数据显示,城市土壤中Corg、N、Ca、Hg、Ag、Au、Bi、Cd、Cu、Mo、Pb、S、Sb、Se、Sn、Zn元素的自然背景发生了显著变化,清晰显示出中国大规模的城镇化和工业化对这些元素在城市土壤中累积的重要贡献。这对全面认识中国城市土壤环境质量现状具有重要的现实意义,也是土壤环境质量保护立法及执法标准制定的重要依据。  相似文献   

4.
ICP—AES法分析辉锑矿   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
曾惠芳 《岩矿测试》1990,9(2):93-99
本文针对辉锑矿成分复杂、主元素Sb易水解、部分元素易挥发,酸不溶元素的存在以及元素之间的干扰等问题,拟定了酸溶和碱熔分解试样的分析流程。在酸溶系统中结合TBP萃淋树脂和巯基棉分离富集分组,ICP-AES法测定Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Au、Ag、In、Tl、Cd、Bi、Ga、Mo、Se、Te、As等20个元素。碱熔系统不分离主元素,用校正因素校正元素间光谱干扰并采用内标法ICP-AES测定Al、Ti、V、Ba、Sr、Sn、Sc、Cr、Be、Si和Sb等11个元素。试样验证表明,方法可行。  相似文献   

5.
南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
文中对南京市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2006年12月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Zn等11个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,南京市大气降尘中除Cr、Fe、Mn外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有三种主要来源:一是As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se与燃煤活动、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Cd、Ni、Zn、Mo可能与化学工业有关,但Mo还受工业活动、土壤颗粒物的影响。分析还表明,在化工业园附近的样点,这些元素含量普遍较高。三是Mn、Cr主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Fe作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,自然来源的Cr、Mn具有较小的富集因子,而受工业活动影响的Cd、Pb、Se、Zn具有较大的富集因子。  相似文献   

6.
对珠江口和南黄海近海海域10个站位的表层沉积物中67种元素进行分析,试图揭示两海域近海表层沉积物中主要元素的地球化学特征,包括分布特征及其控制因素,并通过两海域元素地球化学特征,初步探讨近海沉积环境特征。通过总结两海域表层沉积物中元素含量及分布特征,可以发现,近海海域总体上以陆源沉积为主,除Ca和Sr之外,大多数元素表现出明显的亲陆性。珠江口海域和南黄海海域沉积物元素含量的对比研究显示,前者相对富集As、Cd、Hg、Sb、Sr、Ca、Rb、C,后者相对富集Al2O3、Zr、Hf、Sc、Rb、Ga、Cs、V、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、K2O、Na2O、B、Ba、I等。与上地壳相比,Ag、As、Bi、Hg、Li、N、Pb、Sb、Se、Cl、Br、I在两海域表层沉积物中均发生明显富集;Mo、Sn均呈现分散趋势;Sr、CaO在南黄海海域明显贫化,K2O、Na2O、Ba则在珠江口海域表现出贫化;其他元素与上地壳元素丰度相近。  相似文献   

7.
利用中国癌死亡率与土壤坏境中化学元素的相关性成果,研究了四川省癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素:As、Cd、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Sn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sb、Bi、Ta、Te、Mo、W、Br、I、Fe等52个元素含量的关系  相似文献   

8.
湘中HJC铀矿区黑色页岩土壤重金属污染地球化学分析   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
本文以湘中HJC铀矿区黑色页岩土壤为研究对象,对黑色页岩土壤重金属污染进行了地球化学分析。通过测制A、B、C、D等土壤剖面并系统取样,借助ICPMS等分析技术,对土壤、成土母岩、玉米等进行了系统的主量元素、重金属和其他微量元素(稀土元素)分析。结果表明,矿区黑色页岩土壤具富Al2O3、Fe2O3,而贫CaO、Na2O的化学组成特征,其化学风化指数CIA值在79~84之间。土壤因继承成土母岩的元素富集特征而富集V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Tl、Pb、Th、U等多种重金属,其中Mo、Cd、Sb、U的富集最强。土壤重金属综合富集指数(EI值)在3~9之间,各剖面EI值大小顺序是:D>A>B>C, 以D剖面土壤重金属综合富集最强。土壤重金属污染富集因子(F)评价结果显示:矿区土壤普遍存在Cd、Mo、Sn、Sb、U等重金属污染,其中Mo、Cd、Sb等的污染最强,达显著(3级,2 < F < 20)污染程度以上。重金属污染效应既表现为Sc、Cd、Sn、Sb、U、Tl、Pb等生物毒性重金属在玉米中的富集,又表现为Mo、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn等生物有用金属在玉米中的明显亏损。黑色页岩即为土壤重金属污染的污染源。土壤重金属污染与重金属在成土母岩和土壤中的富集程度(Ks、EI、F)、重金属的活动性(Change%)等多种因素有关。重金属污染主影响因子的Pearson相关系数分析显示:Cd对土壤构成持久性污染,Mo、Sn、Sb、U等的污染程度可随土壤风化的进行因淋失而趋于降低,而Zn、Mn、Ba、Co、Ni、Th等目前未达到污染水平的重金属则可因次生富集而在未来引发污染。  相似文献   

9.
新疆昆仑山东段布喀达坂峰-依吞布拉克一带区域岩石地球化学特征表明:长城系富集W、Pb;奥陶系富集Au;二叠系富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb;三叠系富集Zn、Pb、Ag;三叠纪石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb.元素区域分布规律表明:与全国高寒山区平均水平相比,工作区相对富集Ba、Hg、Pb、Sn、Mo元素,贫化铁族元素;工作区可分为北、中、南3个地球化学带.北带形成了富集Au、Ag、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mo、Mg及铁族元素,贫化Cr、Co、Ni、Li、Be、Bi元素地球化学带;中带富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、W、Sn、Mo、U、Th,贫化Hg、Li及铁族元素,形成了有色、稀有稀土、放射性元素地球化学带;南带富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn,形成了贵重、有色元素地球化学带.石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb元素.祁漫塔格带元素组合与斑岩型铜钼矿、层控型Pb、Zn矿和夕卡岩型铁多金属矿床元素组合相似.第四系元素含量均一,不存在元素大面积区域性富集与贫化的物理化学条件.  相似文献   

10.
为了解酸性矿山排水(AMD)影响下水库沉积物中微量元素的质量分数水平及其分布特征,对常年受酸性废水影响的贵州兴仁猫石头水库沉积物中26种微量元素的质量分数、相关性及控制因素进行了分析。结果表明:猫石头水库沉积物柱中Sr、Ba、Zr、V、Cr和As质量分数平均值超过了100 μg/g,其中As质量分数最高,平均值超过800 μg/g;Be、Ta、Co、Ag、Cd、Sn和Se质量分数的平均值都在5 μg/g以下;其他元素质量分数平均值则在10~60 μg/g之间。相较未受AMD影响的水系沉积物,研究区水库沉积物具有明显的As和Sb富集特征。水库沉积物中Li、Be、Rb、Sr、Cs、Ba、Sc、Y、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th之间存在显著正相关关系,而As与这些元素之间存在显著负相关关系。元素相关分析、因子分析及微量元素图解表明,Li、Be、Rb、Sr、Cs、Ba、Sc、Y、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、Cr、Sb等元素受控于流域岩石化学风化和土壤物理侵蚀,这也是控制研究区元素分布最重要的因素,而Cu、Cd等重金属元素则与AMD对地层中元素的溶蚀析出和有机质等细颗粒物的吸附有关。另外,研究区重金属元素中,Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn的生态风险轻微,而As和Sb则具有很强的潜在生态风险。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

15.
正The Kuqa depression deposited thick rock salt,which has a lower density than surrounding rocks.When salt bodies form a certain scale,obvious negative gravity anomalies can be detected in the surface.Therefore,gravitational method can quickly obtain the shape,plane distribution of deep-seated salt bodies and overall tectonic morphology of the basin.  相似文献   

16.
正1 Introduction The Pingluoba brine,which characterized as high concentration with sodium,potassium,boron,lithium,and rubidium,possess great development value.The main composition of the brine can be summarized to the  相似文献   

17.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

18.
正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

19.
正Dear Authors and Readers:First of all,on behalf of the new Editorial Board,I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your continuing support of our journal.This journal,founded in 1922,is the oldest geological journal in China.As the flagship journal of the Geological Society of China,it has become more and more influential in earth sciences in China and beyond.The journal is now indexed by SCI,CA and more than 20 other databases,with an impact  相似文献   

20.
正20141283 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geological Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Nature,Origin and Tectonic Setting of Jinzhou Basin in the South Segment of Xuefeng Orogen(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(4),2013,p.1079-1091,10 illus.,47 refs.)Key words:foreland basins,strike-slip faults,Hunan Province  相似文献   

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