同位素水文学国际讨论会在维也纳召开

联合国国际原子能机构与教科文组织协同,于1987年3月30日至4月3日在维也纳国际中心召开了“同位素技术在水资源发展中的应用”国际讨论会。这是第一次以水资源研究为目标的同位素水文学讨论会。会议讨论的内容有地热水的同位素研究,地下水年代的同位素研究,干旱和半干旱地区水资源水文学问题的同位素研究,环境同位素在水资源应用中的野外研究,降水、地表水及地下水关系的同位素研究,水质污染的核方法研究和输沙的同位素研究等。出席会议的有45个国家和地区、3个国际组织共163名代表。我国南京水文水资源研究所顾慰祖参加了会议,他提交的论文“实验集水区陆面蒸发面分布特征的中子法研究”已被收入会议论文集。     

一九八○年有关国际会议

月月丹J甲.·地下水污染和水文学会议 美国普林斯顿1月*第四次国际地下水讨论会 意大利陶耳米纳2月·美国水工作者协会水分配分会讨论会 美国洛杉矾2月·美国水质协会1980年年会和展览会 美国纳什维尔3月.国际地下水水质讨论会 荷兰诺德魏克3月*滑波国际讨论会 印度新德里4月.美国土木工程师学会春季会议和展览会 美国波特兰4月,水资源系统运行中水文预报新成就应用会议 英格兰牛津4月。第三次国际水资源有限单元讨论会l 美国奥克斯福德5月,岩石力学讨论会 美国罗拉5月·国际自动控制联合会水土资源讨论会 美国克利夫兰5月·国际水污染研究…     

第八届国际地质年代学、宇宙年代学和同位素地质学大会评介

第八届国际地质年代学、宇宙年代学和同位素地质学大会评介穆治国（北京大学地质学系１００８７１）同位素应用于地球科学，在本世纪６０年代形成的地质年代学和同位素地质学，是地球科学中新兴的高技术领域。四年一次的国际学术讨论会，展示和交流本领域中的最新研究成果...     

国际水文科学研究的新进展

在介绍第七届国际水文科学大会关注热点问题的基础上，总结了近4年来国际水文科学研究的新进展，主要包括：无资料流域水文预测，不确定性、非线性和尺度问题，生态水文学，水文模型及资料获取与参数识别，气候变化的水文响应，水资源可持续利用，城市水文水资源，同位素技术和遥感技术在水文学中应用；提出未来水文学研究的展望。     

第八届地质年代学、宇宙年代学和同位素地质学国际讨论会学术报告内容简介

第八届地质年代学、宇宙年代学和同位素地质学国际讨论会学术报告内容简介１９９４年６月４日至１１日在美国加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校召开了第八届地质年代学、宇宙年代学和同位素地质学国际讨论会（ＩＣＯＧ－８）。会议论文总数为７４５篇，其中４２７篇进行了分组报告...     

第三次河流泥沙国际学术讨论会一九八六年三月三十一日至四月四日将在美国召开

中关双方就“第三次河流泥沙国际学术讨论会”一九八六年春在美国召开达成协议,并经国家科委批准。现已正式向世界各国发出会议征文通知。这次讨论会是继一九八。年三月在北京举行的第一次河流泥沙国际学术讨论会(以下简称讨论会)和一九八三年十月在南京举行的第二次讨论会后的第三次讨论会。各国学者均赞成这个讨论会。今后每隔三年举行一     

第四届全国同位素地质年代学、同位素地球化学学术讨论会在杭州举行

我会同位素地球化学委员会与中国地质学会同位素专业委员会、浙江省地质学会于1989年11月26月—12月4日在杭州联合召开了第四届全国同位素地质年代学、同位素地球化学学术讨论会。这是继1986年宜昌会议之后同位素地质学工作者的又一次盛会。参加     

第八届全国同位素地质年代学和同位素地球化学学术讨论会在南京召开

由中国地质学会同位素地质专业委员会和中国矿物岩石地球化学学会同位素地球化学专业委员会主办,南京大学内生金属成矿机制研究国家重点实验室和国土资源部同位素地质重点实验室承办的第八届全国同位素地质年代学和同位素地球化学学术讨论会于2005年10月27~30日在南京大学召开。这次大会是自2001年第七届全国同位素地质年代学和同位素地球化学学术讨论会以来我国同位素地球化学工作者的又一次盛会,与会代表共320多名,他们分别来自中国科学院、国土资源部、国家海洋局、中国核工业集团公司及高等院校等有关单位。核工业北京地质研究院的5位代…     

巴西含铁建造中有关的金矿考察

1991年5月13日至17日,参加了巴西米纳斯吉那斯州贝洛奥里藏切国际金矿讨论会。会后对巴西部份金矿床进行了地质考察。1 巴西国际金矿讨论会概况 近二十年来,随着国际黄金价格上涨的趋势,带来了金矿开采和找矿勘探业的空前发展,以及广泛的国际学术交流。1982年在津巴布韦召开了第一次国际金矿讨论会,以后每隔两年召开一次,1984年在南非,1986年在加拿大,1988年在澳大利亚,举行了第二次、第三次和第     

地下水放射性碳年龄测定

最近30年,地质学在利用现代科学技术来发展自己的学科方面取得了许多重要的进展,如同位素地质年代学及稳定同位素地球化学的诞生,为研究地质作用的发生,发展过程提供了关于时、空及环境条件方面的重要情报。在水文学的研究领域,近来也发展起一门新的边緣学科——同位素水文学,它是通过研究天然水中碳,氢,氧,氮,硫,氦等同位素丰度的变化,探讨天然水循环过程中遇到的各类水文学问题,目前已被用于地下水的来源,补给,运动及贮存等方面课题的研究。在一些水文地质基本资料贫乏的边远及待开发地区,同位素水文学的方法可以代替一些复     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.