东天山红石金矿床石英Rb-Sr同位素定年

红石金矿床产于东天山秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带中,其成矿作用主要受韧性剪切带控制.前人通过金矿石绢云母Ar-Ar法将该矿床主成矿时代限定在254 ～ 259Ma之间,本文从讨论Rb-Sr法测年在韧性剪切带型金矿成矿时代研究中的可行性角度出发,对红石金矿主成矿期形成的金矿石进行石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr法测年.Rb-Sr法测年得到等时线年龄为257±4Ma,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)=0.70997±0.00016.该年龄位于红石金矿床254～259Ma的主成矿时代范围内,说明石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr测年对于解决韧性剪切带型金矿床成矿时代具有很好的可行性.另外,红石金矿床与同一剪切带内的康古尔金矿在成矿时代、空间位置关系以及成矿物质来源等方面均具有一致性,认为红石金矿与康古尔金矿属相同成矿事件的产物.通过分析红石金矿床成矿时代、韧性剪切带作用时代、右行走滑以及后期的冷却降温作用时代的关系,推测红石金矿床及其剪切带内所在的康古尔等金矿床成矿作用主因是秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带内晚期的右行走滑剪切变形及走滑作用后的快速抬升和缓慢冷却作用.从韧性剪切带型金矿成矿类型来看,属于早期韧性剪切变形,后期脆—韧性变形、成矿作用叠加这一类型.     

从成矿和变形时代的不耦合现象探讨康古尔金矿的成因

位于塔里木盆地北缘的康古尔金矿出露于秋格明塔什-黄山巨型韧性剪切带中部，长期以来被当作剪切带型金矿加以研究。通过初步的同位素年代学研究却发现了成矿和变形时代的不耦合现象：康古尔金矿成矿时代在290Ma左右，而秋格明塔什-黄山韧性翦切带剪切变形时代在225～236Ma。如果认定康古尔金矿成矿作用发生在海西期，则发生于印支中-晚期的韧性剪切变形作用不仅不是康古尔金矿成矿作用的主因，而且对金矿的改造作用也是有限的。因此，康古尔金矿不能被称为剪切带型金矿。     

新疆东天山秋格明塔什——黄山韧性剪切带^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究

秋格明塔什—黄山巨型韧性剪切带产出在东天山北部,其活动时期的系统厘定对东天山大地构造演化极为关键,因而对揭示中亚造山带南部晚期的历史有着重要意义。系统的Ar-Ar同位素年代学研究表明,该剪切带的活动在时间上具有多期性:剪切带早期为挤压推覆剪切作用,发生于300Ma之后,至少延续到了283.7Ma,但在280.2Ma时已经终止;晚期为右行走滑剪切变形作用,主活动期的时代为262.9～242.8Ma,历时近20Ma。在右行走滑剪切变形阶段,秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带出现差异抬升现象,导致剪切带不同区段糜棱岩的同位素年龄有较大差别:剪切带中—西段(康古尔地区)走滑剪切变形作用产生的糜棱岩的时代为262.9～256.1Ma,快速抬升发生在262.9～261.5Ma,冷却速率>100℃/Ma。剪切带东段(土屋—延东地区)走滑剪切变形作用产生的糜棱岩的时代为247.1～242.8Ma,快速抬升发生在247.1～246.9Ma期间,冷却速率>200℃/Ma。结合区域地质资料,笔者认为早期的挤压推覆剪切作用可能与东天山晚古生代板块俯冲—碰撞过程有关,而晚期的走滑剪切变形则可能反映了东天山北部地区碰撞后陆内变形特征。     

新疆东天山剪切带型金矿床Ar-Ar年代学研究

东天山造山带中部的秋格明塔什-黄山巨型韧性剪切带内3个典型的剪切带型金矿床--康古尔金矿床、红石金矿床和红山金矿床的Ar-Ar同位素年代学研究表明,金矿床成矿作用和剪切带后期的走滑剪切变形作用在时间上具有强烈的耦合关系.     

新疆东天山红山金矿成矿时代研究

红山金矿区位于秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带东段北缘,矿床成因研究表明,红山金矿的形成严格受该韧性剪切带控制,属于与韧性剪切带有关的糜棱岩型、超糜棱岩型矿床。花岗质糜棱岩中角闪石276.3Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄给出了红山金矿床成矿事件的时代上限。金矿石样品中绢云母246.9Ma和246.5Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄记录了金矿床主成矿期的时代。糜棱岩中新生白云母246.5Ma的Ar-Ar坪年龄,在误差范围内和金矿石样品中绢云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄完全一致,不仅为红山金矿床的剪切带型成因提供了进一步的佐证,也对金成矿时代给予了进一步的限定。     

东天山马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义

马头滩金矿区位于秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带西段南缘,矿床成因研究表明,马头滩金矿的形成受该韧性剪切带的控制。为探讨马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义,开展了石英流体包裹体成分及Rb-Sr、白云母Ar-Ar和硫化物S同位素分析。石英的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为258.8±6.8Ma,限定了该矿床的形成时代,40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为256.0±1.0Ma,与成矿作用及秋格明塔什韧性剪切带西段右行走滑剪切变形作用在误差范围内一致,说明成矿作用与走滑剪切作用密切相关。S同位素及石英包裹体气液相成分特征表明,成矿流体具有幔源特征,并有壳源物质参与,而由右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是东天山地区剪切带型金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

东天山红石金矿区石英钠长斑岩Ar-Ar和U-Pb年龄及构造和成矿意义讨论

红石金矿区位于东天山觉罗塔格地区秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带内, 石英钠长斑岩为矿体顶底板围岩, 该金矿的赋矿地层干墩组为一套以类复理石杂砂岩建造为主的岩石组合。石英钠长斑岩和地层均发生较强的糜棱岩化, 石英钠长斑岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果为(344±4) Ma, 说明被该岩体侵入的干墩组地层时代不晚于(344±4) Ma, 从同位素年代学角度上限定了干墩组地层时代为早石炭世, 表明秋格明塔什—黄山地区在该时期还处于深海-半深海沉积环境。对石英钠长斑岩糜棱岩化阶段形成的绢云母进行40Ar-39Ar阶段升温测年分析, 得到坪年龄为(262±1) Ma。该年龄与秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带中-西段右行走滑剪切变形作用时代一致, 说明红石金矿可能与走滑剪切作用有关, 结合前人对红石金矿成矿时代的研究结果, 认为秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带右行走滑剪切作用是红石金矿成矿作用的主因。     

新疆东天山康古尔塔格金矿带成矿作用的构造制约

康古尔塔格金矿带呈东西向展布于新疆东天山晚古生代造山带的中部，发育在秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带的南缘，阿奇山-雅满苏火山岩带的北缘，形成的金矿床可划分为三种主要端元类型，即浅成低温热液型（热泉型）、剪切带交代蚀变岩型、与中浅成花岗岩类有关的石英脉型。金的成矿作用主要受控于二叠纪后碰撞阶段秋格明塔什-黄山大型韧性剪切带形成的右行走滑剪切系统，在剪切系统的不同构造部位由于应力应变状态的不同、岩石渗透率的不同、构造层次（深度）的不同等，导致成矿流体和成矿物质在组成比例上的差异，从而形成不同类型的金矿床。所有类型的金矿资源是在同一构造环境下相同区域成矿事件的产物，在不同构造部位产出的金矿床类型可以组成一个连续的金矿化系列。区域一级剪切构造带控制金矿带成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源，二级剪切构造控制金矿床的发育，三级剪切裂隙系统控制金矿体（脉）的产出，从而构成三级构造控矿系统。     

东天山康古尔-黄山剪切带的活动与成矿:对区域找矿勘查的指示SCIEI北大核心CSCD

中亚造山带在显生宙期间经历了强烈的陆壳增生与改造作用,其地壳增生过程和成矿作用复杂多样。晚古生代的天山以大规模走滑剪切变形、同构造岩浆和多金属成矿作用为显著特征,是中亚造山带增生汇聚作用的典型地区。前人的研究主要关注于剪切带起源与演化时限、变形特征或独立矿床的典例剖析,缺乏针对剪切带演化与成矿时空联系的综合研究。本文选取天山康古尔-黄山剪切带出露的代表性矿床——康古尔金矿和红山南金矿,开展金矿石中绢云母^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar定年研究,并结合前人报道的年代学数据来探讨金成矿与大规模剪切活动的时空联系,从而揭示区域差异性隆升与成矿作用的耦合关系。定年结果显示,康古尔金矿的成矿时代为264.8±1.7Ma,而红山南金矿的成矿时代为261.5±1.5Ma,与康古尔-黄山剪切带右行走滑运动时间(约279~249Ma)一致。基于康古尔-黄山剪切带西段和东段在区域地质、动力学背景、岩浆作用时间、右行走滑运动的相似性和矿床空间分布的差异性,本文认为康古尔-黄山剪切带中西段的岩浆镍铜硫化物矿床和(中成至深成)造山型金矿床可能尚未出露,深部找矿潜力大,而东段出露深度大,岩浆铜岩浆镍铜硫化物矿床分布广,但中-浅成造山带金矿剥蚀殆尽,深部潜力不足。综合区域构造演化历史,本文认为康古尔-黄山剪切带的东-西差异是天山-北山三叠纪斜向汇聚所引起的区域差异性隆升导致,而差异性隆升则是区域内现今构造变形和矿床空间分布分布巨大差异的主要原因。     

新疆元宝山金矿床锆石U-Pb、全岩Rb-Sr年代学及其地质意义

元宝山金矿床位于新疆鄯善县境内,属于东天山康古尔塔格金矿带,受秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带控制。为探讨元宝山金矿床的成矿时代及其地质意义,本次研究开展了矿石石英Rb-Sr年代学、含矿围岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析。(255.6±1.0)Ma的含矿围岩Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄以及(256±14)Ma的石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄,限定了该矿床的形成时代,而(334.7±9.8)Ma的含矿围岩锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明,该矿床的含矿围岩为中石炭统。Sr、Nd同位素特征表明,成矿物质来源具有幔源特征并有壳源物质参与,而区内韧性剪切带右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是元宝山金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

青海巴颜喀拉山隆升的热年代学研究

对巴颜喀拉山年宝玉则花岗岩岩体样品的锆石、磷灰石进行了裂变径迹（FT）分析。结果显示该区的隆升可以分为三大阶段：①从低绿片岩相到锆石时钟启动：从200MaBP到105．57MaBP,去顶量约为2km,样品埋深上升到距地表约6km深度。去顶速率约为0．02mm／a;②从锆石时钟启动到磷灰石时钟启动：由于磷灰石在此时已抬升到距地表约6km的深度。由此到达时钟启动需距地表约3km时,去顶量应为3km,此阶段的持续时间为101．53MaBP,去顶速率约为0．03mm／a：③从磷灰石时钟启动至达到地表（至今）：由于磷灰石在前一阶段也已抬升到距地表约3km的深度。即去顶量为3km。此阶段的持续时间为4．04MaBP,去顶速率约为0．74mm／a。